紫色土坡耕地径流特征试验研究

通过具有壤中流观测功能的径流小区的定位观测,结合人工降雨模拟试验,对常规施肥条件下紫色土坡耕地径流特征、过程及影响因素进行长期监测。结果表明:(1)紫色土坡耕地地表径流过程呈多峰特征,受瞬时雨强的影响明显;而壤中流过程则表现出明显的单峰、产流时间滞后、持续时间长等特点;(2)玉米灌浆成熟-收割期径流量明显高于其它生育期,地表径流、壤中流径流量分别为(65.06±5.94)mm,(86.36±3.27)mm,分别占3年地表径流、壤中流年均径流量的67.92%,79.82%;(3)坡耕地地表径流和壤中流径流量与降雨量的相关性显著,但与降雨强度的相关性不显著。坡耕地地表径流系数随坡度的增加而增加,而壤中流径流系数随坡度的增加而明显降低。(4)坡耕地径流分配特征明显。3年地表径流年平均径流量为95.78 mm,壤中流平均流量为108.19mm,分别占总径流量的46.96%,53.05%。     

紫色土坡耕地可溶性有机碳径流迁移特征

为探明紫色土坡耕地可溶性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)的径流迁移特征,该文通过具有壤中流观测功能的径流小区观测地表径流和壤中流的可溶性有机碳(DOC)迁移。结果表明,径流方式对紫色土坡耕地径流DOC迁移质量浓度具有明显影响。地表径流过程中DOC质量浓度随降雨历时逐渐降低,而壤中流过程DOC质量浓度则表现出先升后降而后趋于稳定的趋势。暴雨和大雨地表径流和壤中流过程中DOC质量浓度均表现出不同的变化特征。暴雨地表径流过程DOC初始质量浓度高,衰减快,壤中流DOC质量浓度高、峰值出现较早。2010、2011年2a内地表径流和壤中流平均累积径流量分别为61.2、300.3mm,平均径流系数为7.7%和37.6%。2a内次降雨产流事件中地表径流和壤中流DOC平均质量浓度分别为3.9和3.4mg/L,壤中流DOC年平均迁移通量为105.2mg/m2,年平均负荷达1007.6mg/m2,约为地表径流的4.8倍,壤中流携带DOC损失是紫色土坡耕地DOC径流迁移的主要方式。土层温度是影响壤中流DOC质量浓度季节性变化的重要因素,二者具有显著的负相关性(P<0.05),而土层温度对地表径流DOC质量浓度季节性变化无显著影响。该研究可为调控紫色土坡耕地DOC流失提供一定的参考。     

自然和人工模拟降雨条件下紫色土坡地的磷素迁移

采用人工降雨和自然降雨的方法对紫色土坡地磷素迁移进行比较研究。研究结果表明：紫色土坡地产生地表径流和壤中流两种径流模式，壤中流其径流动态过程受降雨强度和表层作物覆盖度的影响；持续性变化的大雨强更容易引起土壤磷非点源输出，导致水体富营养化；在中到暴雨条件下，壤中流累积迁移流量低于地表径流，差幅决定于土壤表层界面（植被覆盖）特征，地表径流中的磷迁移量是壤中流迁移的3～4倍。     

紫色土坡耕地硝酸盐流失过程与特征研究

通过对紫色土坡耕地地表径流、壤中流径流过程及其硝酸盐含量的长期监测,研究紫色土坡耕地硝酸盐流失特征。结果表明,径流过程对紫色土坡耕地硝酸盐流失过程影响明显。地表径流过程中硝酸盐含量随降雨历时表现为先升后降的趋势,而壤中流过程则表现为不断上升、趋于稳定的趋势。紫色土坡耕地硝酸盐流失潜在的环境风险极大,历次降雨产流事件中地表径流和壤中流NO3--N平均含量分别为0.73±0.17 mg L-1、21.72±2.05 mg L-1,其中,75%的地表径流NO3--N含量超过0.5 mg L-1,85%的壤中流NO3--N含量超过10 mg L-1。紫色土坡耕地地表径流NO3--N年流失负荷为0.93±0.05 kg hm-2,壤中流NO3--N年流失负荷为33.51±2.73 kg hm-2,分别占当季施肥量的0.62%、22.34%,随壤中流淋失是紫色土坡耕地硝酸盐流失的主要途径。紫色土坡耕地硝酸盐流失不仅可能造成当地地表水富营养化,而且可能造成当地浅层地下水硝酸盐污染,将加剧长江上游水环境压力。     

深松和秸秆覆盖条件下紫色土坡耕地水分养分流失特征

旨在明确深松和秸秆覆盖2种措施在紫色土坡耕地中的水分养分流失特征规律,利用径流小区,结合平作、垄作、深松、完整秸秆覆盖和粉碎秸秆覆盖措施共设置9个试验处理,开展了2年的田间试验,对产量、地表径流、壤中流以及径流中的养分流失进行了测定。结果表明:(1)与平作相比,深松可显著增加壤中流量和壤中流中的总氮浓度,增加39.6%的总径流,以及85%的总氮量流失,同时还会降低玉米产量。(2)秸秆覆盖降低地表径流,增加壤中流量和壤中流中的总氮浓度,总径流增加6.4%,总氮量流失增加9.4%,秸秆覆盖对产量无显著影响。(3)粉碎秸秆覆盖的地表径流总氮浓度比完整秸秆覆盖处理低43.2%,2种覆盖方式在地表径流、壤中流及壤中流总氮损失上无显著差异。(4)深松+垄作处理养分流失量在所有处理中最高,产量最低,不适合在紫色土坡耕地应用。本研究阐明了深松和秸秆覆盖在紫色土坡耕地上相对新型的2种耕作措施在紫色土坡耕地上的产量效应和水土养分流失特征,为该措施在紫色土坡耕地利用的可行性评价提供了很好的参考。     

玉米秸秆覆盖对喀斯特坡耕地产流产沙过程的影响

通过原位小区模拟降雨试验,研究玉米秸秆覆盖对喀斯特坡耕地产流产沙过程的影响,试验处理分为3种典型小区(上坡位、中坡位、下坡位)和4种秸秆覆盖度(0、20%、50%、80%)。试验结果表明：秸秆覆盖能显著加快地表径流产流时间,尤其在土层较厚的小区最为明显,50%秸秆覆盖度的地表径流产流时间显著提前;秸秆覆盖能显著改变径流系数大小,尤其在20%覆盖度时地表径流系数降低效果最显著,同时增加了壤中流,但具有明显的空间异质性;秸秆覆盖下地表径流和壤中流径流强度随降雨时间的变化过程均表现为先迅速增加后逐步稳定,多数情况秸秆覆盖能够有效地降低达到稳定时的地表径流强度,其中20%覆盖度时的稳定地表径流强度最小,同时秸秆覆盖对稳定壤中流径流强度影响的空间异质性较大;玉米秸秆覆盖能够有效减少喀斯特坡耕地的地表侵蚀量,在50%覆盖度时减少地表侵蚀量效果最好,且在砾石较多的小区土壤侵蚀量较小。     

紫色土区坡耕地壤中流磷素流失特征研究

采用人工模拟降雨装置,通过野外径流小区试验,研究紫色土坡耕地玉米生长季磷素流失特征。结果表明:(1)壤中流磷素流失以可溶性磷素流失为主,横坡垄作壤中流磷素流失最多,远远高于其它2种措施。壤中流TP和DTP平均浓度大小依次为:横坡垄作顺坡垄作平作。横坡垄作壤中流TP总量最大是平作和顺坡垄作的3.2倍和3.1倍,其壤中流DTP磷素流失总量也最严重,是平作的3.5倍,顺坡垄作的2.9倍。(2)不同坡度之间壤中流浓度在玉米生育期的苗期和抽雄期呈现出较大差别,坡度越大,地表径流带走的磷素越多,壤中流总磷越小。(3)坡耕地上合理的耕作措施对磷素流失的调控具有一定作用,但有别于其它类型坡耕地,横坡垄作并不是一种综合效益很好的耕作方式,相比而言平作控制水土流失及磷素流失效果更好。     

紫色土坡耕地氮素淋失通量的实测与模拟

氮淋失是氮素循环研究中最重要的环节之一,获得准确的氮淋失通量是当今农田氮循环研究中必不可少而又较为困难的工作之一。紫色土土层薄,土壤氮素难以蓄存,加之降水丰富,下伏透水性较弱的母岩,淋溶水达到母岩后难以垂直下渗而沿土壤岩石界面出流、汇流形成壤中流,紫色土氮素淋失主要表现为氮素随壤中流迁移流失。DNDC模型是基于过程的一种土壤碳氮循环模型,常用于农田温室气体排放模拟,但其应用于氮素淋溶的验证与测试不足。本文利用大型坡地排水采集器(lysimeter),测定紫色土坡耕地淋溶水量(壤中流流量)和氮素淋失通量,并利用观测数据对DNDC模型进行验证。结果表明,紫色土坡耕地小麦玉米季累积淋溶水通量为323.6 mm,径流系数33.3%,氮素淋失量为36.93 kg.hm 2,占全年氮素施用量的13.2%。壤中流流量与氮素淋失量实测值和模拟值的Pearson相关系数分别为0.944(P<0.05)和0.972(P<0.05),Theil不等系数分别为0.07和0.1,降雨量、土壤孔隙率和施氮水平是氮流失模拟的高敏感性参数。DNDC模型应用于紫色土坡耕地氮素淋失通量的模拟具有较高的可靠性,同时DNDC基于过程模型的优势可以描述持续降雨条件下的氮淋失过程,未来可通过进一步的验证,测试DNDC模型应用于氮淋失过程及区域氮淋失评估的可行性。     

紫色土丘陵区典型坡地产流及产沙模拟试验研究

应用人工模拟降雨实验,对紫色土丘陵区坡地产流及产沙特征进行了研究.(1)地表径流初始产流时间随着雨强和坡度的增加而加快,在0.7～9.5 min之间变化;壤中流初始产流时间变化复杂,在2.6～46.4 min之间变化,雨强是影响低坡度壤中流初始产流时间的主要因子;(2)地表径流累积量与雨强、坡度均成正比关系,壤中流累积量随着坡度和雨强的增大呈现出减小趋势;(3)地表径流雨后消退迅速,退水常数k(Barnes法)值为0.41～0.66,壤中流消退缓慢,退水常数为0.91～0.99;(4)同一降雨历时下,相对坡度而言,雨强是决定产沙量的主要因子,产沙量在23.4～972.3 g/(m2·h)之间变化;在同一雨强下,产沙量随着坡度的增大而增加.就紫色土坡地而言,改良耕作制度和耕作措施,实施因地制宜的水保措施,提高坡地土壤入渗率和持水量,使降雨径流以壤中流形式产生,能更有效地防治水土流失.     

玉米苗期横垄坡面侵蚀产沙与有机碳流失特征

为揭示紫色土横垄坡面侵蚀产沙与有机碳流失对坡度的响应特征,通过人工模拟降雨和野外径流小区相结合的方法,探讨了不同坡度下玉米苗期径流、侵蚀泥沙及其有机碳流失特征。结果表明:玉米苗期不同坡度下地表径流量总体表现为降雨初期变化较为稳定,随降雨时间持续呈逐渐增加的趋势,而壤中流表现为10°坡度下,径流量在降雨初期变化不大,随降雨时间持续呈逐渐增大的趋势,15°和20°坡度下壤中流则表现为逐渐增加的变化趋势;不同坡度下侵蚀强度均表现为20°15°10°,且20°坡度下侵蚀强度显著高于10°和15°坡度;不同坡度下,地表径流总有机碳(TOC)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)质量浓度随降雨时间延长呈逐渐降低趋势,有机碳质量浓度均表现为20°15°10°,而壤中流表现为先升高后降低的趋势,质量浓度表现为10°15°20°,且地表径流、壤中流TOC和DOC质量浓度相差不大;不同坡度下TOC和DOC迁移通量总体表现为壤中流大于地表径流,地表径流有机碳迁移通量则表现为20°15°10°,而壤中流迁移通量表现为10°15°20°,且径流DOC迁移通量占TOC迁移通量百分比高达90%;不同坡度下侵蚀泥沙中有机碳含量随坡度增大均呈减小趋势,且同一坡度下,泥沙有机碳含量随降雨时间的延长呈降低的趋势;侵蚀泥沙中有机碳富集明显,随坡度的增大富集比减小。因此,紫色土区坡耕地径流中有机碳主要以DOC的形式流失,壤中流为DOC迁移的主要方式。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.