潮汕地区橄榄害虫调查初报

调查结果表明，潮汕地区橄榄害虫的发生和为害常年可见，且相当严重。橄榄害虫有23种，其中同翅目11种，鳞翅目7种，鞘翅目4种，等翅目1种。主要害虫为橄榄星室木虱（Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang et Li)、小直缘跳甲（Ophride parua Chen et Zia)和小黄卷叶蛾（学名待定）3种。鉴于橄榄害虫防治上普遍存在预测预报工作不到位，防治不及时，用药不当等问题，建议加强技术指导，采用以农业防治和生物防治为基础、配合适当的化学防治的综合防治技术，按照生产绿色食品的要求，把害虫的发生和为害程度控制在经济损失允许水平以下。     

橄榄星室木虱发生规律研究

橄榄星室木虱在林间1年发生6代．形成2～3个危害峰；在苗圃1年发生8代，形成4～5个危害峰。其发生及消长受橄榄的抽梢次数、气候条件、天敌种类、寄主品种等因素影响。橄榄抽梢次数多且不整齐，是造成害虫防治困难的主要原因。     

橄榄花期星室木虱防治的研究

榄榄星室木虱(Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang et Li)是橄榄主要害虫之一。近年由于其频发危害，已引起人们的高度关注，但是针对橄榄花期星室木虱危害春梢、花枝及其防治措施的研究未见报道。为此，我们在开展橄榄害虫种群动态及综合治理技术研究的基础上，对橄榄花期防控、治理橄榄星室木虱，护春梢、保花果的技术及其效应进行了研究。     

黄褐新圆蛛对橄榄及橄榄星室木虱的影响

本文通过对黄褐新圆蛛在控制橄榄星室木虱及影响果树生长上的试验，认为该蜘蛛不是橄榄果树的有害生物，而是橄榄果树上主要害虫橄榄星室木虱的一种天敌。     

漆蓝卷象生物学特性的研究

漆蓝卷象Involvulus haradai(Kono)是橄榄的一种新害虫，中国昆虫新记录种。成虫吸食危害橄榄嫩梢、果实汁液，严重树势生长、果实品质和产量，5a生橄榄产量损失可达45％。该虫在福建平和1a发生2代，幼虫在受害后的枯梢中取食，大多以老熟幼虫在土壤中1－7cm深处筑土室滞育越冬，翌年4月下旬成虫开始出土危害。山坡下部比上部橄榄受害重；晚春梢和夏梢受害重，秋梢受害较轻。     

简讯2则

科技成果获奖由汕头市林业科学研究所主持完成的广东省科技计划项目《橄榄害虫防治技术研究》获2005年度汕头市科学技术一等奖，该成果解决了橄榄产区害虫防治的技术问题，具可操作性强，适合在我国橄榄产区广泛推广，达到国内同类研究的领先水平。     

橄榄星室木虱发生发展规律观察

本文报道了橄榄星室木虱在林间和苗圃的动态变化情况，指出影响害虫消长的四个因素：抽梢、气候、天敌、寄主品种，并认为抽梢混乱是造成害虫防治困难的最主要原因。     

三种沙区植物主要虫害调查及防治技术

本文对沙柳、柠条、紫穗槐3种沙区植物的主要害虫进行了调查，结果表明，危害沙柳的主要害虫为沙柳木蠢蛾；危害柠条的主要害虫有柠条豆象、柠条种子小蜂、灰斑古毒蛾；危害紫穗槐的主要害虫为紫穗槐豆象、枣大球蚧。并描述了这些害虫的习性和发生特点，提出了相应的防治方法。     

黄金榕主要害虫发生规律及防治技术研究

黄金榕(Ficus microcarpa)是近年来发展很快的用于观叶、盆景的金叶植物。观察研究表明，茶毒蛾、霜天蛾及榕母管蓟马是为害黄金榕的3种主要害虫，研究这3种害虫的形态特征、发生规律，提出有效的防治措施。     

恶性叶甲危害橄榄的生物学特性及防治

恶性叶甲(Clitea metalliea Chen)主要分布于我国南方各省(区)，是为害柑桔新梢、嫩叶的害虫，寄主植物仅限于柑桔类，还未见为害其它植物的报道。1998年，笔者在调查橄榄[Canarium album (Lour) Raeusch]病虫害时，发现恶性叶甲危害橄榄十分严重，平均虫口密度10头／梢，多的高达20     

3S技术在桉树枝瘿姬小蜂监测预警中的应用前景

通过分析3S技术及其在森林病虫害预警中的应用现状,结合桉树枝瘿姬小蜂(Leptocybe invasaFisher et 1.aSalle)的发生危害特点,综述3S技术在桉树枝瘿姬小蜂监测预警中的应用前景。     

中国桉树蛀干害虫研究现状

随着中国桉树人工林栽培面积不断增大,桉树虫害的发生和危害也日趋严重.蛀干害虫由于其隐蔽性和防治难逐渐上升为主要的害虫种群.据统计,桉树蛀干害虫从2001年的18种增加到目前的25种,主要集中在3目10科,其中危害中等以上的有16种.文章总结了中国桉树蛀干害虫的发生情况和危害特点,提出了有效的防治措施及今后的研究方向.     

辽宁杨树蛀干害虫发生与林分因子的关系

通过对辽宁省杨树主要栽植区杨树蛀干害虫发生情况、杨树品种、林龄、造林密度等林分因子的全面调查,研究了3种蛀干害虫的发生与林分因子的关系。结果表明:辽宁主要的杨树蛀干害虫有3种,即杨干象、白杨透翅蛾和青杨天牛,其中普遍发生并危害严重的是杨干象。杨树品种不同蛀干害虫的发生程度也不同,其中107杨、108杨、127杨、N64、W120以及中林46受害较重。不同品种杨树的杨干象危害情况受林龄影响明显,林龄越小受害越严重;在受害程度一般的品种中杨干象的危害受种植密度影响明显,种植密度越大受害越严重。     

甘肃叶蜂种类调查及分类研究 Ⅸ.叶蜂科叶蜂亚科小臀叶蜂属、侧跗叶蜂属、凹唇叶蜂属、合背叶蜂属及壮并叶蜂属属种名录

整理采自甘肃膜翅目叶蜂科叶蜂亚科小臀叶蜂属等5属叶蜂标本总计226号,经鉴定分为5属25种。其中:小臀叶蜂属1种、侧跗叶蜂属13种、凹唇叶蜂属1种、合背叶蜂属9种、壮并叶蜂属1种;包括6科学新种:短突小臀叶蜂、棒角侧跗叶蜂、普通侧跗叶蜂、朱氏侧跗叶蜂、侧跗叶蜂、开室凹唇叶蜂,2新亚种:环丽侧跗叶蜂黑股亚种、宝岛合背叶蜂红鳞亚种;5甘肃新记录种(含3亚种)和12已知种(含5亚种)。     

Developing conservation strategies for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus koraiensis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eleutherococcus senticosus</Emphasis> by using model-based geographic distributions

We described potential changes in the geographic distribution and occurrence probability of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. and Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. in the counties of northeast China. This information was used to identify priority areas for protection and provide protection and management recommendations within each studied county. The two species were mapped in 2884 study plots throughout this region over a 4-year period (38°40′N–53°30′N, 115°05′E–135°02′E). We used the species distribution models (Maxent), systematic conservation planning models (Marxan), and Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS 10.0). The distributions of two species were correlated in the study area, enabling unique and economically viable joint conservation measures to be implemented. Three models were combined to identify feasible priority conservation sites. We used local spatial statistics to assess all identified conservation areas in relation to potential climate change based shifts in the geographic distribution of the two species. Model-based conservation strategies were used to identify effective measures to protect and utilize these two tree species in the study region. This study presents a novel technique for assessing wild plant distributions, in addition to serving as a model for the conservation of other species within the framework of general forest management, ecological construction, and geographical surveying.     

甘肃叶蜂种类调查及分类研究 Ⅶ.叶蜂科潜叶蜂亚科、粘叶蜂亚科、凹颜叶蜂亚科及平背叶蜂亚科属种名录

整理采自甘肃膜翅目叶蜂科潜叶蜂亚科、粘叶蜂亚科、凹颜叶蜂亚科及平背叶蜂亚科标本总计252号,经鉴定分为22属40种。其中,潜叶蜂亚科3属4种:纹潜叶蜂属2种、枝潜叶蜂属1种、闭潜叶蜂属1种;粘叶蜂亚科3属6种:华波叶蜂属1种、类粘叶蜂属1种、粘叶蜂属4种;凹颜叶蜂亚科1属1种:凹颜叶蜂属1种;平背叶蜂亚科15属29种:原曲叶蜂属1种、斑腹叶蜂属3种、尖唇叶蜂属1种、狭蕨叶蜂属1种、小唇叶蜂属1种、雅叶蜂属1种、曲叶蜂属1种、平背叶蜂属2种、秋叶蜂属1种、大曲叶蜂属1种、亚室叶蜂属1种、金叶蜂属1种、绅元叶蜂属4种、片爪叶蜂属1种、元叶蜂属9种。包括1中国新记录属:纹潜叶蜂属;17科学新种:中华纹潜叶蜂、痕脉纹潜叶蜂、开臀枝潜叶蜂、中华闭潜叶蜂、异类粘叶蜂、长角粘叶蜂、山楂粘叶蜂、长角凹颜叶蜂、李氏斑腹叶蜂、甘肃斑腹叶蜂、李氏狭蕨叶蜂、吕氏平背叶蜂、平唇秋叶蜂、脊盾片爪叶蜂、邹氏元叶蜂、沟顶元叶蜂、丽角元叶蜂;15甘肃新记录种和8已知种。     

甘肃竹子的种类和分布

本文研究了250多号采自甘肃的竹子标本,甘肃产有竹子16种和1变种,分属于7属。慈竹属 Neosinocalamus Keng f.1种;悬竹属 Ampelocalamus Chen.Wen et Sheng 1种;刚竹属 Ph-yllostachys Sieb.et Zucc.4种和1变种;方竹属 ChimonobambusaMakino 1种;箭竹属 Fargesia Franchet 7种;箬竹属 Indocal-amus Nakai 1种;巴山木竹属 Bashania Keng f.et Yi 1种。     

Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der parasitischen imperfekten Pilze der Gattung Pollaccia Bald. et Cif an Pappeln (Populus spp.)

A contribution to the knowledge of the parasitic imperfect fungi of the genus Pollaccia on poplars . The generic name Pollacia was used in 1937 by Baldacci and Ciferri for the single (type) species Pollaccia radiosa (Lib) Bald. et Cif. the well known leaf-spotting fungus on Populus. In 1939 Servazzi differentiated two species of Pollaccia on Populus (P. radiosa [Lib.] Bald. et Cif. and P. elegans Serv.). During a study of various collections; in Herb. (BRA, HBG, BP, DAOM, L, W, CUP, BUCA, PR, WA, ZT, CL, BRNU, FH, WSP) the occurrence of four different species of the genus Pollaccia (P: radiosa, P. elegans, P. ramulosa and P. americana) was recognised.     

Factors affecting the occurrence of woody plants in understory of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantations in a warm-temperate region in Japan

We compared the occurrence of woody plants present in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantations and evergreen broad-leaved natural forests in a warm-temperate region in order to characterize the understory vegetation of sugi plantations. The influence of stand attributes on species occurrence in the plantations was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Out of 163 species, 65 plantation-preferring species and 31 natural forest-preferring species were detected. The plantation-preferring species group contained deciduous species (38 of 65 species) that are characteristic of coppice woodland, but all the natural forest-preferring species were evergreen plants. This indicates that the composition of the woody understory in sugi plantations of the region is characterized by the species of open, disturbed habitats. Stand age and the distance from the nearest natural forests were found to significantly affect the occurrence of evergreen shrubs and plants with gravity-dispersed seeds, respectively, but the light environment of the stand had less effect. According to the regression model analyses, long-term strategies such as lengthening the rotation (logging age) or creating patch mosaics of plantations in the matrix of natural forests appeared to be effective in conserving woodland species that are characteristic of evergreen, broad-leaved forests. On the other hand, increasing light penetration through thinning practices is a short-term strategy that is less likely to be effective in promoting these species.