梨叶片原生质体制备方法的建立及其基因瞬时转化试验

以‘新梨7号’梨叶片为材料，探究影响原生质体分离的主要因素，制备高产优质的叶肉原生质体，并进行基因瞬时转化和表达。将继代30 d的组培苗嫩叶在最佳酶解液(1.0%纤维素酶，0.1%果胶酶，0.4%离析酶，0.5 mol·L^-1甘露醇，20 mmol·L^-1 KCl,20 mmol·L^-1 MES,10 mmol·L^-1 CaCl2,1.0 g·L^-1 BSA)中酶解12 h，可制备出产量为1.09×10⁶ protopl·mL^-1、活力为90%的原生质体。将1～2μg·mL^-1 pROK2-GFP质粒DNA通过40%PEG-4000介导转化至上述原生质体中并培养12 h，可以观察到GFP绿色荧光信号，转化率可达40%。     

新疆雪莲胚性愈伤组织的诱导及原生质体分离

以新疆雪莲无菌叶片为材料,诱导其产生胚性愈伤组织,再以胚性愈伤组织为分离原生质体的起始材料,研究质壁分离时间、渗透压浓度、酶液组合、酶解时间等因素对其原生质体分离效果的影响。结果表明:对诱导胚性愈伤组织有较好效果的培养基组合为:MS+2,4-D 0.1mg/L+BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 1.5 mg/L+葡萄糖30 g/L;原生质体分离最佳体系为:含纤维素酶2.5%、离析酶0.2%、果胶酶1%、MES 0.1%和甘露醇10%的酶解液,在温度(26±1)℃,pH 5.8条件下酶解14~16 h,游离原生质体的产量和活性均较高。     

"索蚌"百合原生质体分离及培养的研究

用纤维素酶、离析酶、果胶酶、山梨醇的混合酶液提取"索蚌"百合的幼叶和愈伤组织的原生质体.对影响原生质体提取得率因素进行分析,用液体浅层培养法在MS、改良MS和NLN培养基附加不同浓度6-BA,2,4-D等进行培养.结果表明:纤维素酶和酶解时间对原生质体提取得率有极显著影响,最适合百合幼叶原生质体提取的酶液组合为:2?llulase R-10,0.5% Macerozyme R-10,酶解4 h.百合愈伤组织的原生质体提取的酶液混合液组合为:2% Cellulase R-10 0.5% MacerozymeR-10 0.05%Pectolyase Y23 147 mg/L CaCl2·2H2O 976 mg/L MES 0.6 M Sorbitol.进行原生质体的培养仅愈伤组织为来源的观察到细胞的分裂,幼叶为来源的原生质体几乎没有分裂,但两者最终都没有形成愈伤组织.     

芹菜胚性细胞悬浮系原生质体分离及再生植株

利用芹菜胚性细胞悬浮系成功分离得到大量原生质体, 获得芹菜大量原生质体的最佳反应体系为: 酶液组成为3.0%纤维素酶Onozuka R210、1.0%离析酶R210、11%甘露醇、0.5% CaCl₂ ·2H₂O和0.1% MES; 摇床转速为80 r/min, 温度(25 ±2) ℃, 酶解时间5～6 h; 原生质体产量为25.00 ×10⁶ /g, 原生质体活力83.41%。原生质体浅层培养, 培养基为1 /2 MS + 1 mg/L 2, 4-D + 0.5 mg/L KT + 11%甘露醇+ 500 mg/L水解络蛋白, 两天后, 重新再生细胞壁之后进行第1次分裂, 逐步降低渗透压至甘露醇3% ,大约30 d形成小细胞团。小愈伤组织经增殖培养后在1 /2MS + 500 mg/L CH + 0.25 mg/L KT固体分化培养基诱导出不定芽, 30 d后再转入MS基本培养基, 获得完整的再生植株。     

莴苣原生质体的分离方法

以莴苣无菌苗的幼叶为试材,研究了不同的分离材料、质壁分离时间、苗龄、酶液组合、酶解时间及酶液渗透压等对原生质体分离效果的影响。结果表明:幼叶在含有13%甘露醇的CPW溶液里质壁分离2h,获得的原生质体产量存活率均高于其它质壁分离时间;苗龄为20d的幼叶分离得到的原生质体质量高,原生质体呈圆形、内含物多、活力强;酶液组合为1.0%纤维素酶+0.2%离析酶,25℃黑暗条件下酶解12h可获得大量有较高活力的原生质体;酶解液中添加浓度为9%的甘露醇较适合原生质体分离。     

草莓悬浮细胞原生质体培养再生愈伤组织

以草毒品种宝交早生的花药愈伤组织建立的悬浮细胞系为试材,对原生质体分离和再生进行研究。结果表明:酶液的渗透压、浓度和配比对悬浮细胞原生质体产量和活力有重要的影响。悬浮细胞在CPW+1.0％ Cellulase R-10+0.5 Macerozyme R-10+0.05％Pectolyase Y-23+0.6mol/L甘露醇+0.5％PVP的酶液中酶解12h,原生质体产量和活力最高,分别达16.35×10~6/g和84.6％。采用液体浅层培养法对原生质体进行培养获得了再生愈伤组织。     

多花蔷薇胚性细胞悬浮系原生质体分离及再生植株

利用多花蔷薇‘无刺3号’假珠芽诱导的胚性愈伤细胞悬浮系分离得到原生质体,并培养获得再生植株。酶种类和浓度, 酶解时间及悬浮细胞继代时间对原生质体分离有重要影响,最佳酶液组成是2.0%纤维素酶,0.5%离析酶,5.0 mmol·L^-1 MES, 0.5 mol·L^-1甘露醇,0.5% CaCl₂·2H₂O。采用继代3 d的悬浮细胞系,酶解10 h,原生质体产量达到26.67×10⁶g^-1,原生质体活力为92.21%。采用液体浅层培养,肌醇比蔗糖更有利于纯化后的原生质体分裂和生长。愈伤组织形成增殖培养基为1/2MS + 2,4-D 1.0 mg·L^-1+ EBR 0.2 mg·L^-1 + 10 g·L^-1 Ficoll + 500 mg·L^-1谷氨酰胺 + 20 mg·L^-1甘氨酸 + 20 mg·L^-1天冬氨酸,分化培养基为1/2MS + 10 mg·L^-1 TDZ + 500 mg·L^-1谷氨酰胺+ 20 mg·L^-1甘氨酸+ 20 mg·L^-1天冬氨酸,后转入1/2MS培养基上获得完整植株。     

苘麻叶肉原生质体的分离和培养研究

以苘麻的叶片、种子为试材,对苘麻叶肉原生质体游离培养过程的影响因素进行了研究.结果表明:采用无菌苗幼叶作为原生质体分离起始材料效果较好;质壁分离4h,纤维素酶0.5％+离析酶0.3％组合酶解12～14 h可以获得产量和活力较高的原生质体.在有机成分较丰富的DPD培养基中,细胞生长较为旺盛.     

不结球白菜OguCMS下胚轴原生质体培养再生植株

取不结球白菜OguCMS 5d苗龄的下胚轴 ,在 2 0mg/mL纤维素酶 (OnozukaR 10 ) ,10mg/mL果胶酶 (MecerozymeR 10 )及CaCl2 ·2H2 O 10mmol/L、KH2 PO4 0 .7mmol/L、甘露醇 0 .5mol/L的酶液中游离 36h ,50 0r/min下离心收集下胚轴原生质体。原生质体在KM8P1附加 2 ,4 D 0 .5mg/L、 6 BA 0 .2 5mg/L、NAA 1.0mg/L的培养基上培养 2 1d形成小愈伤组织 ,经MS附加 2 ,4 D 1.0mg/L增殖愈伤组织 ,在MS附加 6 BA 10 .0mg/L和NAA 0 .3mg/L培养基上进行芽分化培养 ,并在无任何激素的MS培养基上生根 ,14d后即可获得完整的再生植株。     

‘过山香’香蕉原生质体培养及植株再生

 以'过山香'香蕉的胚性悬浮细胞（Embryogenic cell suspensions,ECS）为起始材料分离原生质体,酶解液的组成为：3.5%纤维素酶R-10、1%离析酶R-10、0.15%果胶酶Y-23、204 mmol/L KCl、67 mmol/L CaCl2和0.41 mol/L甘露醇,原生质体产量为3.1×107个/mL PCV ECS （PCV：packed cell volume,细胞密实体积）。分别以培养基‘A’和‘B’为培养成分在液体浅层培养和看护培养两种培养系统中进行原生质体培养。结果表明：在液体浅层培养系统中,采用培养基‘B’比采用培养基‘A’效果好,原生质体的细胞分裂频率和细胞团形成频率分别约是采用培养基‘A'的3倍和10倍;所获得的培养物为只能增殖而不能进一步分化的非胚性细胞团。在看护培养系统中,采用培养基‘A’与采用培养基‘B’时,细胞分裂频率和细胞团形成频率没有显著地差异;所获得的细胞团具有典型的胚性细胞特征。将从看护培养中获得的细胞团转移到体胚诱导培养基上,培养45 d后,从105个原生质体获得1550个体胚。继续在体胚诱导培养基上培养30 d,7.8%的体胚能萌发。萌发的体胚在MS+0.1%活性炭的培养基中发育成健壮植株,移栽后成活良好。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.