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1.
Truong Mai-Hong Tran D. Hong Nguyen T. Hien Ho H. Hai Tran D. Tung Vo T. Le-Tam Banh Ngoc-Tam Richard H. Ellis 《New Forests》2006,32(1):9-19
Mass maturity (end of the seed-filling phase) occurred at about 72 days after flowering (DAF) in developing seeds of Mimusops elengi, at which time seed moisture content had declined to about 55%. The onset of ability to germinate was detected at 56 DAF
and seeds showed 98% germination by 84 DAF. Tolerance of desiccation to 10% moisture content was first detected at 70 DAF
and was maximal by 84 DAF. Delaying collection by a further 14 days to 98 DAF, when fruits began to be shed, reduced seed
viability, particularly for seeds first dried to 10% moisture content. Hence the best time for seed collection appears to
be about 14 days before fruits shed. In a separate investigation with six different seed lots, desiccation below about 8–12%
moisture content reduced viability (considerably in some lots). The viability of dry seeds (below about 10% moisture content)
stored hermetically was reduced at cool temperatures (5 °C and below), and none survived storage at sub-zero temperatures.
The results suggest that Mimusops elengi shows intermediate seed storage behaviour and that the optimal hermetic seed storage environment is about 10% moisture content
at 10 °C, while short-term, moist, aerated storage at high (40%) moisture content is also feasible. 相似文献
2.
Seed morphometric characters and oil content were studied in multiple-use plant, Calophyllum inophyllum L. of two countries, Australia (southern hemisphere) and Sri Lanka (northern hemisphere). Seven provenances were selected
which included three from northern Australia and four from Sri Lanka. Twelve Candidate plus trees (CPTs) each were selected
from 2 to 3 different locations within each provenance based on the morphometric and qualitative traits (GBH > 100 cm). Seed
collection in both hemispheres was carried out from May to August 2008. Calophyllum inophyllum L. provenances showed a distinct hemisphere variation in their seed-related characters and oil content. All provenances differed
significantly (P < 0.05) with one another in seed length. Seeds from Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka and seeds from Cardwell Australia recorded the
highest (≈57%) and the lowest oil (≈31%) content respectively. Strong correlations were found between seed morphometric characters.
Relatively weaker correlations were found between seed morphometric characters and oil content. Variations in seed-related
characters were largely attributed by the provenance contribution which shows the significance of the effect of genetic variability
on above mentioned seed related characters. 相似文献
3.
A total of 24 candidate plus trees (CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. were selected to elucidate their variation and diversity based on thirteen quantitative traits (4 pod traits,
6 seed traits of parent trees and 3 progeny traits) at Forest Research Centre, Institute of Forest Productivity — Mandar,
Ranchi district during 2005–2007. The results show that, CPT-19 had maximum for seven traits viz, pod length (65.6 mm), 100-pod
weight (542.4 g), seed 2D (two dimension) area (351.2 mm2), seed length (27.9 mm), seed breadth (17.4 mm), 100-seed weight (217.9 g) and plant height (164.3 cm). The traits, 100-pod
weight and 100-seed weight had a high heritability (98.4%, 96.9%) accompanied with high genetic advance (46.0%, 34.9%). There
is a positive significant correlation between 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight traits at both genotypic and phenotypic levels
with plant height, collar diameter and volume index at 30 MAS (months after sowing). Volume index expressed a moderate heritability
(47.4%) accompanied with high genetic advance (48.4%), indicating that the character is governed by additive gene effects.
In divergence study, 24 accessions were grouped into 6 clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical euclidian cluster analysis.
The genotypes in cluster IV (CPT-5, CPT-6, CPT-7, CPT-12, CPT-16, CPT-18, CPT-22) and cluster III (CPT-4, CPT-8, CPT-9, CPT-20,
CPT-21) were most heterogeneous and can be best used within group hybridization. The wide diversity exists between the cluster
V and II, followed by cluster II and I and crosses between CPTs of these clusters may result in substantial segregates. It
is revealed that the existence of substantial variation and diversity can be utilized for genetic resource conservation and
further tree improvement programmers of the species. 相似文献
4.
Inorganic compound leakage and change of carbohydrate were measured in Ulmus parvifolia seeds throughout accelerated aging under 35°C and 75% relative humidity (RH) to investigate whether these indicators can
be used as a rapid vigor test for efficient seed bank management. Accelerated aging seeds treated for 0–14 days exhibited
loss of germinability in the longest aging treated seeds (11%, 14 days) compared to a good performance of 52% for control
(0 day) seeds. Leachate electrical conductivity (EC) increase had strong negative correlation with seed vigor (−0.9). Magnesium
ion concentration in electrolyte leakage from artificial aged seeds showed positive correlation (r = 0.94, P < 0.01). The ratios of inorganic ions showed that K+/Mg2+, Ca2+/Mg2+, and Na+/Mg2+ were inversely correlated with germination (−0.93, −0.82, and −0.91, respectively). Increases in starch and total soluble
sugar content in aged seeds were associated with a decrease in seed vigor. In conclusion, EC, magnesium ion concentration,
K+/Mg2+, Ca2+/Mg2+, and Na+/Mg2+ ratios and starch and total soluble sugar content could provide a sensitive and accurate index for the assessment of U. parvifolia seed vigor. 相似文献
5.
Priscila Ambrósio Moreira Walter Steenbock Nivaldo Peroni Mauricio Sedrez dos Reis 《Agroforestry Systems》2011,83(2):245-256
Bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella) is a legume tree species common in the early stages of succession in Araucaria angustifolia forests in southern Brazil. Bracatinga can form high-density monospecific stands called bracatingais. Its traditional management for charcoal production involves maintenance of the seed bank. Our objective was to analyze the
genetic diversity and structure of bracatingais to understand the mechanisms by which intraspecific diversity of M. scabrella is created and maintained in landscapes managed by family farmers in their agroforestry mosaics. We analyzed 14 bracatingais using 8 allozyme loci. We compared parental and progeny generation indices (7 loci) and described the mating system (9 loci)
of two progenies. Overall diversity was high: A = 2.69, H
o = 0.257, H
e = 0.382 and similar between populations. Overall fixation (F = 0.364) was similar to the fixation index (f = 0.329). The genetic divergence among populations was low (Θp = 0.052) but significant. The progenies’ genetic diversity values were similar to those of the previous generation (H
e pop11 = 0.342 vs. 0.420/H
e pop10 = 0.432 vs. 0.400). Progenies were compatible with half-sib and full-sib crossing expectations (θ
xy
= 0.204 and 0.194). Our data showed that there is a tendency for genetic structuring caused not only by the reproductive
system but also by genetic drift. It is very likely that the high genetic diversity is amplified by internal migration within
each bracatingal. This study showed that current landscape management can contribute to maintaining high levels of bracatinga genetic diversity, which contributes to its regional conservation. 相似文献
6.
The efficacy of NeemAzal powder, two local neem (Azadirachta indica
) products [neem seed powder (NSP) and neem seed oil (NSO)], as well as a local Lamiaceae, Plectranthus glandulosus leaf powder, applied at four different rates for the control of Sitophilus zeamais was determined. Mortality was recorded 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after S. zeamais infestation, followed by the determination of F1 progeny production. Grain damage, population increase and grain germination were assessed for treated grains that were stored
for 4 months. Grains treated with P. glandulosus powder and NSP had relatively low mortality (5.0–22.5%) after 3 days whereas NeemAzal and NSO had higher mortality (55.0–98.8%).
Maximum mortality of 99, 100, 96 and 74% were achieved for NeemAzal (12 g/kg after 14 days), NSO (4 ml/kg after 7 days), NSP
(40 g/kg after 14 days) and P. glandulosus powder (40 g/kg, after 14 days), respectively. In the same order, 7-day LC50 values were 0.02 g/kg, 1.46 ml/kg, 12.44 g/kg and 28.9 g/kg. The three neem products greatly reduced progeny emergence, while
P. glandulosus powder was less effective. NeemAzal protected the grains against S. zeamais damage better than the local neem products, which in turn provided far better grain protection against the weevil damage
than P. glandulosus powder. NeemAzal was superior to the local neem products in grain protection against germination loss, with P. glandulosus being the least effective. NeemAzal and NSO had sufficient efficacy to be a component of an integrated management package
for S. zeamais. 相似文献
7.
Prunus cerasoides has poor regeneration in its natural habitat due to its hard seed coat. The information about maturity time of fruit/seed
is scanty and studies on seed germination enhancement lacking. In the present study, the main focus has been given to the
physical fruits/seeds attributes which are reliable indicators of maturity and seed pretreatments which help to enhance germination.
The fruits/seeds were collected from low and high elevational sites covering the altitudinal range of the species during the
period of fruit/seed development (last week of February–mid April) for two consecutive years (2003–2004). The change in fruit
colour from dark green to pale red or red was a useful indicator of seed maturity in P. cerasoides. Fruit moisture content between 46.57 ± 0.45% and 56.81 ± 1.14% and seed moisture content between 29.8 ± 1.35% and 34.13 ± 1.50%
coincided with maximum germination (41.11 ± 13.96% and 59.99 ± 12.05%) across sites. The removal of seed coat (mechanical
treatment) enhanced the germination of seeds to 70 ± 0% at low elevation and 100 ± 0% at high elevation in comparison of control
or untreated seeds (germination range between 5.83 ± 0.83% and 31.68 ± 25.02%). Positive correlation existed between seed
size and germination (r = 0.280; P < 0.01). 相似文献
8.
To evaluate the practical application of an indoor seed orchard, we compared the seed production, final germination rates
and mating patterns of potted Cryptomeria japonica D. Don clones in two miniature seed orchards: one in a glasshouse and the other outdoors. There was no statistically significant
difference in total seed production between the orchards (P = 0.275, ANOVA). However, the final germination rate of seeds produced in the indoor orchard was significantly lower than
that of seeds produced in the outdoor orchard (P < 0.01, Wilcoxon test). The average self-fertilization rate was higher in the indoor orchard (27.2%) than in the outdoor
orchard (5.6%), and this parameter was strongly associated with the reduced final germination rates of the seeds harvested
in the glasshouse. Pollen contamination was considerably lower in the indoor seed orchard (48.9% in the outdoor seed orchard
and 4.4% in the indoor seed orchard). χ2 tests indicated that the paternal contributions of each constituent clone differed significantly in both orchards (P < 0.001 in both cases). The strong variations in paternal contributions among indoor orchard clones was significantly correlated
with their respective pollen production capacities (Spearman ρ = 0.693, P < 0.001). To reduce the high self-fertilization rates, we recommend the use of orchard clones with similar pollen production
capacity in indoor seed orchards. 相似文献
9.
The extent of genetic variation in seed and seedling traits of Trigonobalanus doichangensis, a rare and endangered tree in southwest China, was evaluated at the population level. Seeds were collected from four natural
populations in the south and southwest Yunnan province, China. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between populations were observed in seed length, seed weight and seedling morphological characters. The analyses
revealed that none of the seed and seedling traits had significant correlations with the geo-climatic variables of the populations.
Among seed and seedling traits, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were discovered among seed length, seed weight and height of 30-day-old seedlings. Significant correlation (r = 1.00, P < 0.01) occurred also between the height and root collar diameter of 4-year-old seedlings. With the exception of seed width
and seed germination percentage, 51–96% of total variation in other seed and seedling related traits was attributed to population
effect, as determined by the broad sense heritability. In conclusion, these observations on variation in seed and seedling
traits should be a reference point, when considering seed collection of this species for ex situ conservation and species
restoration. 相似文献
10.
11.
The insecticidal activity of an entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria farinosa on pine bark-weevil (Pissodes punctatus) at different life stages underwent laboratory testing. Larvae, pupae and adults of Pissodes punctatus were exposed to a range of concentrations of fungal conidia in suspension for 5 s; mean mortality and LC50 values were calculated. The results showed I. farinosa can effectively infect larvae, pupae and adult pine bark-weevils, and the highest mean mortalities at each life stage can
exceed 88%. The mean mortalities increased with higher concentrations of I. farinosa. Larvae were most susceptible with LC50 1.2 × 106 conidia ml−1 (15 days), pupae (30 days) exhibited the second largest effects, and adults (15 days) with LC50 1.72 × 106 and 1.99 × 106 conidia ml−1, respectively, at end of the experiments. This suggests that I. farinosa could be a potential bio-control agent against the pine bark-weevil. 相似文献
12.
M. S. Islam M. Mahbub Hasan W. Xiong S. C. Zhang C. L. Lei 《Journal of pest science》2009,82(2):171-177
The biological activity of essential oil extracted from coriander, Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae) against eggs, larvae and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Bioassays conducted in air-tight glass chambers showed vapour
toxicity and strong repellency on filter paper arena test towards all the stages used. Responses varied significantly (P < 0.001) within insect stages, dosages and exposures. At 12.0 μg/ml dosage, mortality of adults reached 95%, but for 12-,
14- and 16-days larvae, mortalities were 65, 74 and 82%, respectively. On the developmental inhibition, individuals fumigated
at the larval stage confirmed that the percentage of larvae reaching to pupal stage and pupae to adult stage, decreased significantly
(P < 0.001) with increasing dosage concentration. The oil fumigation yielded 100% mortality for T. castaneum larvae, pupae and adults at 0.08 μg/ml dosage. The oil had fumigant activity against eggs and the toxicity progressively
increased with increased exposure times and concentrations. One hundred per cent T. castaneum egg mortalities were obtained with oil fumigation at 20 μg/ml and 96 h exposure period. C. sativum oil also showed highly repellent activity to the adults of T. castaneum, with overall repellency was 90% and at a dosage of 12 μg/ml repellency was 100% in a filter-paper arena test. 相似文献
13.
India is the largest grower of Eucalyptus with an area of 3.943 million hectares under plantations and E. tereticornis is the predominant species in the plains of southern India with an average productivity of 12–25 m3 ha−1 year−1. With the aim to establish seedling seed orchards of the species, seed lots of fifteen provenances were imported from Australia
and a trial was laid. In the present study the genetic diversity existing in the seed orchard was estimated using ISSR–PCR.
Seven ISSR primers amplified 663 amplicons in the size ranging from 255 to 2,711 bp. The total number of polymorphic bands
varied from 59 to 123 with 100% polymorphic banding profiles. The average gene diversity (Hj) of all the provenances ranged from 0.0589 to 0.1109 and the total gene diversity estimated was low (H
T = 0.130) when compared to the earlier reports from other eucalypts species. Analysis of Molecular Variance partitioned the
ISSR variation into inter and intra population components. The inter population component accounted for 55.2% of the variation
and the intra population component accounted for 46.3% (P < 0.001). A neighbour-joining analysis was done using the dissimilarity matrix to determine the aggregation of the individuals
into clusters. Existence of population structure among the populations was revealed in STRUCTURE analysis but geographical
region based clustering was not observed. The assessment of intra and inter genetic variation documented in the present study
suggests that, along with the phenotypic traits, knowledge about genetic diversity measured at the DNA level in individuals
of seed orchards provide an objective guide for selective culling of trees for maintaining optimal diversity for enhanced
genetic gains. 相似文献
14.
The ethanol extracts obtained from both leaf and seed in the Thorn apple (Datura stramonium L.) (Solanaceae) were investigated for acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent properties against adult two-spotted
spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions. Leaf and seed extracts, which were applied in 167,250 and 145,750 mg/l
concentrations, respectively (using a Petri leaf disc-spray tower method), caused 98 and 25% mortality among spider mite adults
after 48 h. The simple logistic regression analysis showed that the independent variable, an increase in the dose of leaf
extract was associated with a significant increase in the death rate of T. urticae females, but an increase in the dosage of seed extracts did not have a significant effect. Using probit analysis and estimating
the parameters with a confidence limit of 95%, we determined the LC50 values of leaf extract to be 70,593 mg/l. According to Pearson’s χ2 test, mites showed the strongest run off to bean leaf surfaces sprayed with both leaf and seed extracts (in sub-lethal doses:
<7,500 mg/l and <25,000 mg/l, respectively) and moved towards surfaces that had not been sprayed with extracts. Furthermore,
repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the number of eggs laid on unsprayed bean leaves compared
to bean leaves that were sprayed with leaf and seed extracts at sub-lethal doses, 2,500 and 25,000 mg/l concentrations, respectively.
These results suggest that D. stramonium extracts could be used to manage the two-spotted spider mite. 相似文献
15.
Goddert von Oheimb Christina Westphal Werner Härdtle 《European Journal of Forest Research》2007,126(3):359-370
The diversity, spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of dead wood were examined within the near-natural beech forests (Fagus sylvatica) of Serrahn (North-eastern Germany). Data were collected in an 8 ha sample plot and in two permanent plots (0.36 and 0.25 ha)
that had been established at the end of the 1960s. The mean volume of dead wood was 94 m3 ha−1, amounting to 14% of the total volume of all trees. The dead wood displayed a large variation in dead wood type, tree size
and decay class. Standing dead wood accounted for about one-third of the total dead wood volume. The densities of standing
dead trees were about 10% of the densities of the living trees over a wide range of diameters. The overall spatial distribution
of dead trees exhibited a random pattern. Among the different dead wood types, standing entire dead trees and uprooted trees
deviated from this pattern by displaying a significantly aggregated pattern. In the permanent plots a high mortality of overstorey
trees was observed (1.3% year−1) and the average amount of dead wood increased greatly from 2.9 to 111.6 m3 ha−1 over the 35-year observation period. The near-natural beech forests of Serrahn have experienced a long period of low human
interference. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the structure and dynamics of dead wood are strongly affected by the
last major disturbance events that took place at the end of the Middle Ages. Information about the forest history is therefore
a basic requirement when interpreting the results obtained in near-natural forests. 相似文献
16.
D. A. Ofori T. Peprah J. R. Cobbinah H. A. Atchwerebour F. Osabutey Z. Tchoundjeu A. J. Simons R. Jamnadass 《New Forests》2011,41(3):337-348
Allanblackia parviflora A. Chev, is an indigenous fruit tree species that could be used in agroforestry systems with both environmental and economic
benefits. The seed oil is of prime importance as a foreign exchange earner and is being developed as a rural based enterprise
in many African countries notably Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon and Tanzania. Methods for propagation and conservation of the species
are therefore of prime importance. The seeds of the species are however difficult to germinate hindering its domestication
process. Allanblackia parviflora seeds were collected from seven different populations in Ghana and were subjected to four different seed germination trials
at the nursery of CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana at Fumesua, Kumasi. This was followed by studying the effect of
stage of seed germination on establishment after potting. Intact seeds began germination at 7 months after sowing and at 24 months,
significant (P < 0.001) variations were observed in the seed germination ability of 74 accessions. Mean seed germination ranged from 0 to
35%. Significant differences in seed germination percentages among populations (P < 0.001) and provenances (P < 0.05) were also observed. Removal of seed coat significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced seed germination. Germination percentages of seeds with seed coat removed ranged from 6 to 43% while seed
germination percentages for intact seeds were less or equal to 3%. Incubation of seeds with seed coat removed in polythene
bags gave an added advantage. Seeds with seed coat removed and kept in polythene bags started germinating from 2 weeks and
within 10 months, 75 and 68% germination were obtained for plane and black polythene bags, respectively. Removal of germinants
and potting when shoot length was at least 1 cm gave significantly higher growth (P < 0.001 for shoot height, P < 0.05 for stem diameter, P < 0.001 for number of leaves produced) compared to when only radicle had emerged. It became evident in this study that seeds
should be classified as fully germinated only when shoots begin to grow. 相似文献
17.
Factors influencing the dispersion of Arceuthobium oxycedri in Central Spain: evaluation with a new null model for marked point patterns 下载免费PDF全文
The dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium oxycedri, is found on populations of Juniperus oxycedrus, in central Spain. This species can have negative effects on the physiology of its host, including mortality. Understanding the mechanisms that control its distribution and dispersal is critical to assessing its potential for spread. We assessed dwarf mistletoe distribution within a population of J. oxycedrus, including infected and uninfected host individuals. A new null model of parasitic dispersion was built using two dispersal kernel forms that were simulated with lower and upper envelopes for second‐order functions to summarize a point pattern, such as Ripley's K, nearest‐neighbour distribution and pair correlation functions. Nine dispersal scenarios were constructed with half‐bandwidth kernels (10, 20, 30 m) and initial population of infected trees (P0 = 05, 10 and 20). These scenarios were compared with the observed pattern and evaluated using the goodness‐of‐fit test. Significant differences at short distance (r < 10 m) were found between the observed pattern and simulated patterns, corresponding to the range of seed dispersal of the dwarf mistletoe. Interactions between infected and uninfected hosts patterns at all scales were identified, suggesting that A. oxycedri uses other mechanisms in addition to ballistic seed shooting as secondary dispersal agents to spread to distances greater than 20 m. Given that the seed characteristics facilitate dispersal by adhesion, we infer that spread between host individuals is amplified by seed transport by birds or small mammals. 相似文献
18.
Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (Celastraceae) is an important medicinal tree valued for its seeds. Indiscriminate collection of this plant from the
habitat zones has posed a serious threat to its existence in the wild, results in globally a threatened plant species. Ex
situ conservation is a prioritized agenda of research for redlisted plant species. Semi-hardwood stem cuttings collected from
10 to 15 year old trees were treated with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 g l−1) of growth hormones; indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for positive
effect on root induction. After 90 days of treatment, results were analyzed for percentage of rooting, root number and average
root length per rooted cuttings. The highest rooting (57%) response with highest number of roots (~77.2) was obtained in indole-3-acetic
acid at 3.0 g l−1. Overall, high significant (P ≤ 0.05) rooting response was noticed in IAA treatment comparative to hormones IBA and NAA. Rooted cuttings exhibited 100%
survival in the experimental field. This study reveals the propagation of semi-hardwood cuttings derived from partially matured
branches is possible and it provides a basis for conservation of this threatened plant species by reducing pressure on its
natural populations. 相似文献
19.
The present study aimed at examining the amenability of Stereospermum suaveolens DC. to vegetative propagation through rooting of leafy stem cuttings using low-cost polythene propagators. Rooting efficiencies
of cuttings derived from two selected matured mother trees were studied using four different concentrations of Indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA), viz. 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4%. IBA applied at 40 μg per cutting (0.4% concentration) resulted in significantly higher
rooting responses compared to the control (P < 0.05). Differences in the length of longest root for all the treatments were significant (P = 0.05) with cuttings treated with 0.2% IBA producing the longest root. The highest survival after 3 weeks of transference
of the rooted cuttings into polythene bags was found for rooted cuttings treated with 0.2% IBA. Effects of three fertilizer
treatments viz. T0 (no fertilizer), T1 (10 g of Urea + 20 g of TSP + 10 g of MOP dissolved in 1 l of water) and T2 (10 g of Urea + 20 g of TSP + 10 g of MOP dissolved in 2 l of water) on initial growth of established rooted cuttings (stecklings)
of Stereospermum suaveolens in polythene bags were also measured for a period of 90 days. Stem length, collar diameter and leaf area of the stecklings
increased throughout the observation period. Increments of both stem length and collar diameter were significantly higher
for the stecklings treated with T2 in comparison with the control while increment of leaf area was found the highest for the stecklings treated with T1. The study clearly indicated that Stereospermum suaveolens is amenable to vegetative propagation technique using juvenile single-node leafy cuttings and the initial growth performance
of the established rooted cuttings (stecklings) in polythene bags under different fertilizer treatments was satisfactory. 相似文献
20.
Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Baker is a potential agroforestry species endemic to Ethiopia. No documented information exists about genetic variation
in this species, thus baseline information is needed to initiate improvement program. Here, we quantified variations in seed
size, germination and seedling growth at nursery stage based on seeds collected from six sites across the natural range of
distribution of the species in Ethiopia. All seed- and seedling-related traits exhibited highly significant differences among
seed sources (P < 0.01), and the magnitude of genetic variation was substantially higher (77–99%) than the environmental variation. The genetic
advance as percent of the mean was higher for germination capacity (69.4%) and seed weight (31.7%) than for other traits,
suggesting that the population means for these traits may be changed considerably by selecting the superior 5% of the genotypes.
There were strong phenotypic (rp = 0.81) and genotypic (rg = 0.89) correlations between seed width and seed weight, so also between seedling height and root collar diameter (rp = 0.95 and rg = 1.00). In conclusion, the results reveal the existence of substantial genetic variation, which can be utilized to initiate
tree improvement program of the species and for gene conservation in seed banks.
In memory of the late Abraham Loha, who passed away during the writing process. 相似文献