啤酒花抗病毒双价RNAi植物表达载体的构建及遗传转化

为了构建对啤酒花潜隐病毒(Hp LV)和啤酒花潜隐类病毒(HpLVd)有抗性的RNAi载体,本研究通过序列比对选取Hp LV外壳蛋白基因致病区202 bp和HpLVd 155 bp的保守序列作为干扰序列,以干扰载体p UCCRNAi为基础,成功构建出针对Hp LV和HpLVd的双价RNAi载体,通过特异性酶切位点将构建成功的RNAi载体的功能区域连接在植物表达载体p CAMBIA2300-35S-OCS上,并利用农杆菌介导法将目的基因导入啤酒花中。经PCR鉴定证明RNAi载体已成功转入啤酒花中。本研究基于RNAi技术的植物表达载体构建和农杆菌介导的遗传转化,为诱导转基因植物的转录后基因沉默、获得抗多种病毒病的植物新材料提供参考。     

柑桔木质陷孔病类病毒贵州分离物的分子鉴定

 从采自贵州感染了啤酒花矮化类病毒（Hop stunt viroid, HSVd）的柑桔植株中抽提总核酸,通过一对鉴别引物,经RT-PCR扩增初步筛选出柑桔木质陷孔病类病毒（Citrus cachexia viroid, CCaVd）。扩增该类病毒的全长核苷酸片段,通过克隆和测序,结果发现,该片段全长298bp,与GenBank中报道的木质陷孔病类病毒分离物同源性达到96％以上。这是中国发生的木质陷孔病类病毒的分子生物学特征的首次报道。     

把精细管理贯穿于生产经营全过程——甘肃农垦建筑公司酒花场精细管理实践

一、甘肃农垦建筑公司酒花场基本情况 甘肃农垦建筑公司酒花场是一个小型专业化生产经营啤酒花的农场,于上个世纪80年代初开始种植啤酒花,在甘肃农垦啤酒花行业中有着较为突出的地位。     

啤酒花根癌病的发生与防治

啤酒花根癌病又叫啤酒花冠瘿病,在新疆伊犁、石河子、焉耆、库尔勒新和等地都有发生,一般发病率2％～5％,严重达30％以上。兵团农十二师地处乌鲁木齐地区,种植啤酒花已有近30年的历史,病害主要以啤酒花霜霉病为主．啤酒花根癌病近年来开始零星发生。但是该病轻者将降低产量和品质,重者造成全株死亡,导致缺株重栽,危害较为严重。     

甘肃农垦建筑工程公司酒花场简介

甘肃农垦建筑工程公司酒花场是一个小型专业化生产经营啤酒花的农场，于上个世纪八十年代初开始种植啤酒花，在甘肃农垦啤酒花行业中有着较为突出的地位。     

马铃薯病毒的检测技术

快速、准确地定性或定量检测马铃薯植株中病毒、类病毒的种类和数量是控制马铃薯病毒病害的有效方法。该文就马铃薯病毒检测方法的基本原理和研究进展作了较为详尽的介绍与评价。并比较了各种方法的优缺点。     

桃病毒病调查与检测研究

对陕西省桃主产区的病毒病发生情况进行了调查和ELISA检测.查明了李属坏死环斑病毒(PNRSV)、李矮缩病毒(PDV)、苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(CLSV)、桃潜隐花叶类病毒(PLMVd)和桃耳突病毒(PEV)等5种病毒和类病毒在桃上的存在及感染情况.ELISA检测结果表明,PNRSV的感染率最高,CLSV发生也较普遍,PDV感染率较少,各种病毒的混合感染都有出现,PNRSV、PDV和CLSV的总感染率达65.8%.PLMVd和PEV的田间发病率约为1.0%和0.2%.     

玉门地区日光温室啤酒花扦插育苗技术

利用日光温室进行啤酒花扦插育苗 10 0 0ppm处理插穗 ,在一定的温度、湿度控制下 ,加强苗床管理 ,啤酒花扦插育苗技术取得成功。     

抗病抗寒与晚熟啤酒花种质资源—陕西野生啤酒花的研究

我国陕西野生啤酒花球果表面浅紫红色,晚熟、抗病与耐寒,是育种种质的潜在来源。陕西野生啤酒花的脂酶同工酶酶谱与栽培啤酒花品种的酶谱差异很大,陕西野生啤酒花只有5条酶带,栽培品种有9-10条。     

啤酒花种植与加工产业化信息管理系统的研究与应用

本文运用农业系统工程的原理,应用知识工程和面向对象分析方法,建立了一个基于啤酒花产业化相关栽培与加工产业化信息管理系统.系统以WINDOWS为开发平台,综合运用数据库建模技术,建立了啤酒花综合信息库;以PB为开发工具,运用软件工程技术开发系统前台,实现了啤酒花品种选择、栽培管理、病害防治、加工与销售等多方面信息相对应的快速检索、控制功能;随时对该系统知识库的信息进行追加、更新、扩充;图片、声像与文字相结合,操作简便.通过应用,取得显著的效益.     

A universal probe for simultaneous detection of six pospiviroids and natural infection of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) in tomato in China

Several viroids in the genus Pospiviroid can infect tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cause severe diseases, posing a serious threat to tomato production.  For simultaneous detection of six tomato-infecting pospiviroids - columnea latent viroid (CLVd), pepper chat fruit viroid (PCFVd), potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd), tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd), and tomato planta macho viroid (TPMVd), we developed a universal probe based on a highly conserved 61 nt long sequence shared among them.  Compared with their specific probes, the universal probe has a similar, though slightly reduced, detection sensitivity and has the advantages of simple and cost-effective preparation and simultaneous detection of the six pospiviroids.  In addition, the universal probe was used in dot-blot hybridization assays for a large-scale survey of viroid(s) in tomato plantings in China.  Only PSTVd was detected in a few greenhouse-planted tomato plants.  Sequence analysis revealed that these tomato PSTVd isolates may have been introduced from tomato seeds imported from abroad.      

Cell-free circularization of viroid progeny RNA by an RNA ligase from wheat germ

Linear, potato spindle tuber viroid RNA has been used as a substrate for an RNA ligase purified from wheat germ. Linear viroid molecules are efficiently converted to circular molecules (circles) which are indistinguishable by electrophoretic mobility and two-dimensional oligonucleotide pattern from viroid circles extracted from infected plants. In light of recent evidence for multimeric viroid replication intermediates, cleavage followed by RNA ligation by a cellular enzyme may (i) be a normal step in the viroid life cycle and (ii) may also reflect cellular events.     

Preliminary Studies on Species and Distribution of Citrus Viroids in China

Citrus viroids are the small but economically important RNA pathogens. For investigating their occurrence and distribution in China, 65 viroid samples collected from 8 major citrus cultivated regions were evaluated using one-step or multiplex onestep RT-PCR and biological indexing for specifically detection of Citrus exocortis viroid （CEVd）, Citrus bent leaf viroid （CBLVd）, Hop stunt viroid （HSVd）, Citrus viroid-Ⅲ （CVd-Ⅲ） and Citrus viroid-Ⅳ （CVd-Ⅳ）. The results showed that there were at least 4 kinds of citrus viroids （CEVd, CBLVd, HSVd, and CVd-Ⅲ） on citrus trees in China. Most of the infected citrus plants harbored more than one viroid species, and two plants were infected with up to 4 citrus viroids. Sweet orange was more frequently infected by viroids than other citrus varieties. It is the preliminary report on the species and distribution of citrus viroids in China.     

湖北省柑桔裂皮类病毒的检测及序列分析

以表现柑桔裂皮病典型症状的罗伯逊脐橙为材料,采用双向电泳、RT-PCR和RNA斑点杂交及组织印迹杂交的方法,对柑桔裂皮类病毒进行了检测,结果表明RT-PCR和2种核酸杂交技术均可用于该类病毒的有效检测。对该类病毒全长RNA的RT-PCR产物进行了克隆和序列分析,该分离株(命名为CEVd-HB分离株)的全长RNA由371个核苷酸组成,与已报道的其它不同来源分离株相似性为90%~99%。     

Ethylene is Involved but Plays a Limited Role in Tomato Chlorotic Dwarf Viroid-Induced Symptom Development in Tomato

To investigate whether ethylene is involved in tomato plants in response to the invasion of viroid, tomato cv. Pearson and its ethylene-insensitive mutant Never ripe (Nr) was challenged with Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd). Both Pearson and Nr plants developed various symptoms including dwarf, bunch, reduced leaf size, leaf chlorosis, and necrosis at 3-wk-post-inoculation and thereafter even though the stunting in Nr was not as severe as in Pearson plants. The sizes of fruits were also significantly reduced in the viroid-infected plants. Treatments of Pearson with ethephon, an ethylenereleasing compound, mimicked TCDVd in induction of stunting and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in the plants. Pretreatmeut of Pearson plants prior to TCDVd-inoculation or ethephon application with silver thiosulfate (STS), an ethylene action inhibitor, partially suppressed the viroid- or ethephon-induced symptoms as well as PR gene expression.In addition, Nr and STS-treated Pearson exhibited a slightly lower viroid titre in comparison to the control Pearson plants.These results suggest that ethylene is involved but plays a limited role in TCDVd-indueed symptom development.     

饲粮中添加啤酒花渣对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

[目的]为了研究日粮中添加啤酒花渣对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响。[方法]采用单因子设计试验,选用300只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为6组,每组设5个重复。各试验组在饲粮中分别加入0、4%、8%、12%、16%、20%啤酒花渣,测定了体重、日增重、日均采食量等指标。[结果]添加啤酒花渣的试验组,1～42d整个试验期的体重、日增重和日均采食量均低于对照组。添加4%试验组饲料转化率在所有试验组中最高。利润随啤酒花渣添加量的增加而下降。[结论]综合考虑在肉仔鸡饲粮中添加4%啤酒花渣是可行的。该研究为啤酒花渣作为动物饲料提供了依据。     

甘肃啤酒花害虫种类及综合防治

首次报道了甘肃省河西地区啤酒花(Humulus lupulus L.)害虫种类及为害情况。初步查明害虫有10多种,其中主要的为葎草疣蚜phorodon japonensis Takahashi、棉叶螨Tetranychus urticae(Koch)、棉铃虫Heliothis armigera Hubner和大麻跳甲Psylliodes attenuata(Koch)。根据害虫种类和防治实践,阐述了该地区啤酒花害虫综合防治意见。     

癌症的病原物是类病毒或缺陷性病毒假说--癌症病因、机理探讨

根据现有的一些证据，结合有关生物学理论进行综合分析，提出了一个“生物导弹”致癌的新假说，即在某些生物如病毒或其他生物中存在一种比病毒还要小的致病微生物——类病毒或缺陷性病毒。病毒蛋白质壳内的类病毒或缺陷性病毒随病毒传播，并随病毒基因组一同进入动物细胞中．发生作用和复制。它们在细胞中，在某些致癌因子的帮助下，与寄主细胞染色体发生作用，实现细胞遗传上的癌化。在细胞中新形成的病毒蛋白质外壳将新复制的病毒染色体和新复制的类病毒或缺陷性病毒一同包于其中，形成新的“生物导弹”，将来可以借机转染新的对象。根据这一假说，既可以解释现有癌症理论可以解释的问题，也可以解释现有理论难以解释的问题，并指出动物对肿瘤存在抵抗机制。