湖南省珍稀雉类组织滴虫核糖体18S rRNA系统进化分析

为分析珍稀雉类组织滴虫核糖体18S rRNA序列遗传变异情况,并利用18S rRNA序列分析组织滴虫与其他原虫的种群遗传关系,应用PCR技术扩增珍稀雉类异刺线虫体内组织滴虫核糖体18S rRNA基因序列,并进行测序与分析。结果表明:异刺线虫雄虫与异刺线虫雌虫体内均含有火鸡组织滴虫,且9个组织滴虫分离株核糖体18S rRNA序列片段大小基本一致,约为590 bp,各分离株之间核糖体18S rRNA序列同源性均高于99.4%,与Gen Bank中收录其他原虫相应序列同源性均低于66.8%;通过建立NJ系统发育树,9个组织滴虫分离株与Gen Bank收录的火鸡组织滴虫位于同一分支,得到明显的鉴定。核糖体18S rRNA序列种内相对保守,但种间差异明显,可作为火鸡组织滴虫的种间遗传变异研究的分子遗传标记。     

猕猴源毛滴虫的鉴定

本试验旨在通过形态学观察及基于18S rRNA和5.8S rRNA基因序列分析鉴别导致猕猴腹泻的肠道内毛滴虫,收集腹泻猕猴的新鲜粪便样本,经直接涂片、碘液染色后镜检观察寄生虫虫体形态;提取粪便总DNA,针对三毛滴虫18S rRNA和五毛滴虫5.8S rRNA基因序列设计特异性引物进行PCR扩增,对测序结果进行序列比对与进化树构建。形态观察结果显示,毛滴虫呈梨形或近似卵圆形,滋养体前鞭毛2～5条,后鞭毛1条;三毛滴虫18S rRNA和五毛滴虫5.8S rRNA序列PCR扩增仅获得18S rRNA基因序列,18S rRNA测序结果与GenBank中公布的来自犬的胎儿三毛滴虫序列的相似度高达97.2%。利用形态观察和分子生物学分析确认来自猴源的毛滴虫为猕猴源三毛滴虫。本试验结果对猕猴肠道寄生虫的鉴定与分析具有重要的临床诊断意义。     

江苏地区火鸡组织滴虫β-微管蛋白基因的克隆及系统发育分析

从分子水平了解江苏地区火鸡组织滴虫的分类地位与进化特征,以江苏地区感染火鸡组织滴虫发病鸡群的病变肝脏组织为材料,通过DNA提取、PCR扩增、DNA片段的克隆与测序,获得该地区火鸡组织滴虫β-微管蛋白(Betatubulin)序列,通过软件与GenBank收录的其他地区火鸡组织滴虫和相关虫体β-微管蛋白基因序列进行系统发育分析。结果获得的11个火鸡组织滴虫β-微管蛋白基因序列相互之间同源性在95.3%~100.0%之间,亲缘关系较近,与德国株相似性94.9%以上,与美国株相似性91.6%以上。同时,该地区虫体在基因进化过程中形成2个大的分枝和多个小的分枝。表明江苏地区火鸡组织滴虫存在不同的基因型,应进一步研究其分子流行病学与种群遗传学特征。     

保定地区奶牛源隐孢子虫的分离与基因鉴定

为了解保定地区奶牛源隐孢子虫感染情况,从当地3个奶牛场随机采集145份奶牛粪便经饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮后直接镜检和抗酸染色后镜检,阳性样品采用PCR方法扩增18S rRNA基因,同时将扩增出的目的片段进行克隆和序列分析,并将分离株与其他11个隐孢子虫参考株的18S rRNA序列进行比对和遗传距离比较。结果表明:有10份粪便样本为隐孢子虫阳性,感染率为6.9%(10/145),不同奶牛场、年龄段奶牛隐孢子虫感染率有显著性差异(P0.05)。10份粪便样品采用PCR方法扩增后有7份为18S rRNA基因阳性,扩增出的18S rRNA部分基因片段长528 bp。保定地区隐孢子虫分离株扩增的基因序列与牛源隐孢子虫18S rRNA基因序列(Gen Bank登录号为HQ179571)同源性最高,确定保定地区分离到的奶牛源隐孢子虫为牛隐孢子虫。     

孔雀组织滴虫病病理与分子诊断

为了从分子水平上对引起黑龙江省海伦市某孔雀养殖场孔雀死亡的病原进行准确鉴定,试验首先剖检死亡孔雀并取盲肠内容物染色镜检,根据剖检病理变化及镜检结果初步怀疑是组织滴虫病;提取肝脏病灶组织DNA,扩增组织滴虫核糖体18S和ITS rDNA序列,对获得的序列与相关组织滴虫序列进行比对分析并构建系统发育树。结果表明:孔雀病变部位主要在盲肠和肝脏,盲肠壁增厚、充血,肠内容物干酪化形成盲肠肠芯,肝脏表面出现数个圆形、稍凹陷、黄绿色的溃疡灶。镜检可见虫体呈多形性,有一条粗壮的鞭毛。该虫体18S rDNA序列长度约为600 bp,与GenBank上登录的江苏扬州株(JX963646)同源性为99.47%;ITS rDNA序列长度约为360 bp,与美国火鸡组织滴虫(HQ334189)同源性为96.00%。基于18S与ITS rDNA构建的系统发育树均形成两大分支,而试验得到的分离株均位于火鸡组织滴虫属集群内。说明引起黑龙江省海伦市某孔雀养殖场孔雀死亡的病原为火鸡组织滴虫。     

16S-23S rRNA基因间隔序列PCR及RFLP对奇异变形杆菌分离株的鉴别与系统发育分析

根据临床常见致病菌16S-23S rRNA基因间隔序列(ISR)两端的16S及23S rRNA保守序列设计PCR扩增的通用引物,对9株奇异变形杆菌和6株相近菌株应用通用引物PCR扩增16S-23S rRNA ISR序列.通过PCR长度多态性比较、RFLP分析以及部分序列测序比较,分析鉴别奇异变形杆菌.结果显示,PCR长度多态性可以将奇异变形杆菌同其余菌种进行区分;RFLP分析可以将所有试验菌种进行区分;部分序列测序可以对奇异变形杆菌进行分型.由此表明,16S 23S rRNA ISR序列PCR及RFLP分析可以简单、快速、准确的鉴定奇异变形杆菌.     

18S rRNA基因巢式PCR-RFLP鉴定吉林、大庆地区断奶前奶牛隐孢子虫分离株

利用18S rRNA巢式聚合酶链反应(Nested PCR)-限制片段长度多态性(Restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)鉴定吉林、大庆地区牛源隐孢子虫分离株.采取吉林、大庆地区断奶前犊牛粪便,提取DNA后经18S rRNA基因巢式PCR扩增,扩增产物测序后用Blast和MEGA4.0软件进行同源性和系统发育树分析.同时扩增产物分别用Ssp Ⅰ、Vsp Ⅰ和Mbo Ⅱ酶切后进行RFLP分析.通过18S rRNA基因PCR-RFLP分析和测序比对分析表明,吉林分离株包括2种隐孢子虫,分别为C.bovis和C.ryanae,大庆分离株包括3种,分别为C.boris、C.ryanae和C.andersoni.     

基于18S rRNA基因测序基础上的锥虫分子分类学

利用18S rRNA基因序列分析方法,对我国湖北、广西、新疆和浙江4省的伊氏锥虫及1株布氏锥虫进行分子分类学研究.用分离的锥虫感染实验动物,自感染小鼠的红细胞或全血中提取基因组DNA,根据GenBank中已发表的雏虫18S rRNA序列设计1对锥虫通用引物,通过PCR扩增目的基因片段,将扩增产物连接到pGEM-T载体中,经酶切、PCR确定,进行序列测定.结果显示,7个锥虫分离株的18S rRNA基因大小为2 188 bp.利用DNAS-tar对试验所获得的这7株锥虫和GenBank中部分锥虫的18S rRNA基因进行比较分析,建立2个进化系统发生树.核苷酸同源性比较及系统发生树显示:自我国上述4省分离的伊氏锥虫来源于同一株系,布氏锥虫和广西分离的伊氏锥虫株的18S rRNA核苷酸与其他锥虫分离株仅有较小差异,与国外的6株锥虫的同源性为99%～100%,与另外7株的同源性为62%.     

基于ITS基因分析蛇源曼氏迭宫绦虫种系发育关系

为了开展曼氏迭宫绦虫(Spirometra mansoni)种系发育分析,本试验基于18S rRNA和5.8S rRNA基因保守区设计引物用于扩增包含18S rRNA、5.8S rRNA及核糖体内部转录间隔1区(ITS-1)的靶片段,对蛇体内分离的绦虫进行基因组DNA提取,然后采用PCR方法扩增目的基因,将所得序列进行测序比对并构建进化树分析。PCR结果显示,扩增片段大小为737 bp,序列经分析发现包括18S rRNA 17 bp,5.8S rRNA 421 bp,ITS-1片段为304 bp。同源性分析显示,其与猬迭宫绦虫同源性最高,高达86%;遗传进化树表明,其与猬迭宫绦虫广州株(FJ886754.1)最为接近,与微小膜壳绦虫(AF461124.1)关系最远。综上所述,本次分离的绦虫为曼氏迭宫绦虫,ITS-1基因可作为良好的分类工具区别不同种的迭宫绦虫。     

羊源性D型产气荚膜梭菌的分离及PCR鉴定

对青海省互助县送检的2份病死羊组织,经细菌学厌氧分离培养,参考已发表的产气荚膜梭菌16S rRNA基因和毒素基因(α、β、ε、ι)合成引物,采用PCR和多重PCR扩增目的基因条带,并对分离株细菌的16S rRNA基因序列进行了同源性及系统发育分析。结果显示:从其中1份病死羊组织中分离获得1株β溶血型革兰阳性杆菌,经PCR和多重PCR扩增可得16S rRNA基因和α、ε毒素基因的目的条带;分离株细菌的16S rRNA基因序列与GenBank上已登录(登录号:NR113204.1、NR121697.2)的产气荚膜梭菌的相应序列具有高度同源性(≥99.0%),同KU714939.1的遗传关系最为亲密,因此经分子生物学方法鉴定分离株细菌为D型产气荚膜梭菌。     

副猪嗜血杆菌16S rRNA基因的克隆及序列分析

本研究旨在从分子水平对副猪嗜血杆菌湖南分离株进行鉴定,并用16S rRNA序列分析不同血型副猪嗜血杆菌之间的遗传关系。利用PCR扩增副猪嗜血杆菌的16S rRNA,应用ClustalX 1.81程序对序列进行比对,再用Phylip 3.67程序MP法和Mage 4.0程序NJ法绘制种系发育树,并用Puzzle 5.2程序构建最大似然树,同时利用DNAStar 5.0中的Megalign程序进行同源性分析。结果显示,所获得的16S rRNA序列长度均为783 bp,湖南分离株与已知5型副猪嗜血杆菌位于同一分枝。结果表明,湖南分离株属于5型副猪嗜血杆菌,为副猪嗜血杆菌的分子流行病学和其相关疾病的诊断奠定基础。     

基于18S rRNA的鸡组织滴虫病PCR诊断方法的建立

河南某鸡场约4周龄鸡疑似发生鸡组织滴虫病.根据鸡组织滴虫18 S rRNA序列设计引物,提取肝脏、盲肠内客物寄生虫DNA,采用PCR方法检测.结果表明,PCR扩增到与预期大小一致的产物,经测序比对,证实为鸡组织滴虫感染.所建立的PCR方法具有灵敏、特异、快速等优点,不仅能用于鸡组织滴虫病临床诊断,还能用于开展流行病学研...     

基于18S rRNA和HSP70基因序列的隐孢子虫种系发育分析

为阐明河南区域隐孢子虫分子流行病学特点,用PCR技术扩增分离虫株的18S rRNA基因全序列和HSP70基因序列,并对扩增片段进行测序。用PAUP 4.0和TREEPUZZLE 4.1构建进化树,试图从分子水平证明河南省不同地区不同宿主来源隐孢子虫的遗传特征,以阐明隐孢子虫病的分子流行病学特点。通过18S rRNA基因全序列和HSP70基因序列分析,其结果：河南人源隐孢子虫分离株为Cryptosporidium parvum鼠基因型;河南鹿源隐孢子虫分离株为C. parvum鹿基因型;河南猪源隐孢子虫的2个分离株均为C. parvum猪基因I型,即C. suis;河南鹌鹑源的隐孢子虫2个分离株分别为C. baileyi和C. meleagridis;河南乌鸡源隐孢子虫和鸵鸟源隐孢子虫分离株均为C. baileyi;河南牛源隐孢子虫分离株为C.andersoni。     

New advances in molecular epizootiology of canine hematic protozoa from Venezuela, Thailand and Spain

The prevalence of hematozoan infections (Hepatozoon canis and Babesia sp., particularly Babesia canis vogeli) in canids from Venezuela, Thailand and Spain was studied by amplification and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. H. canis infections caused simultaneously by two different isolates were confirmed by RFLP analysis in samples from all the geographic regions studied. In Venezuela, blood samples from 134 dogs were surveyed. Babesia infections were found in 2.24% of the dogs. Comparison of sequences of the 18S rRNA gene indicated that protozoan isolates were genetically identical to B. canis vogeli from Japan and Brazil. H. canis infected 44.77 per cent of the dogs. A representative sample of Venezuelan H. canis isolates (21.6% of PCR-positives) was sequenced. Many of them showed 18S rRNA gene sequences identical to H. canis Spain 2, albeit two less frequent genotypes were found in the sample studied. In Thailand, 20 dogs were analyzed. No infections caused by Babesia were diagnosed, whereas 30 per cent of the dogs were positive to hematozoan infection. Two protozoa isolates showing 99.7-100% identity to H. canis Spain 2 were found. In Spain, 250 dogs were studied. B. canis vogeli infected 0.01% of the animals. The sequence of the 18S rRNA gene in Spanish isolates of this protozoa was closely related to those previously deposited in GenBank (> 99% identity). Finally, 20 red foxes were screened for hematozoans employing semi-nested PCR and primers designed to detect Babesia/Theileria. Fifty percent of the foxes were positive to Theileria annae. In addition, it was found that the PCR assay was able as well to detect Hepatozoon infections. Thirty five percent of the foxes were infected with two different H. canis isolates showing 99.8-100% identity to Curupira 1 from Brazil.     

Identification of the Cryptosporidium isolate from chickens in Japan by sequence analyses

The Cryptsosporidium isolate from chickens in Japan by Itakura et al. is not yet accurately identified because of several discrepancies in phenotypic features. We attempted to identify this isolate by analyzing the partial sequences of the 18S rRNA, COWP and HSP70 genes. The chicken isolate showed nearly 100% homology in each gene with C. baileyi, but less than 91% homology with C. meleagridis. In addition, these genes were classified into the same cluster with C. baileyi other than C. meleagridis by phylogenetic analysis. From these results, the Cryptosporidium isolate from chickens in Japan is considered to be one of the strains of C. baileyi.     

Detection of DNA of Histomonas meleagridis and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in German poultry flocks between 2004 and 2008

Between 2004 and 2008, 338 samples from 156 German turkey, chicken, and peacock flocks with suspected histomonosis (histomoniasis) were sent to the Institute for Poultry Diseases of the Free University Berlin. Most samples were from ceca or livers; the other samples were organ pools or were taken from other organs or the environment. In 108 samples from 65 flocks, histomonal DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tetratrichomonas gallinarum DNA was found in 5.3% of investigated samples from flocks infected with Histomonas meleagridis and in 27.4% of investigated samples from flocks that were not infected with H. meleagridis. For subtyping of the strains, the C-profiling method, a method used to analyze the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) of the rRNA gene, was modified to be more specific for H. meleagridis. Results showed the presence of more than the three subtypes described so far. There was no clear correlation between the subtype and the host. By C-profiling the clonal cultures, heterogeneous ITS-1 sequences were shown to probably result from intragenomic differences between rRNA genes.     

用CPN60基因序列研究隐孢子虫种系发育关系

本试验以编码线粒体功能性蛋白Chaperonin 60(CPN60)的核基因作为研究对象,对隐孢子虫分离株CPN60基因进行扩增测序,用Clustal X1.81对扩增序列与GenBank相关参考序列进行比对,然后用PAUP4.0程序中邻接法(Neighbor-joining,NJ)、最大简约法(Parsimony,MP)构建基因树,同时用TREEPUZZLE程序Version4.1构建最大似然树(Maximum likelihood,ML),以确定不同隐孢子虫虫株之间的进化关系,并以18S rRNA和HSP70基因构建的进化树作参照,评价CPN60是否更适合作为隐孢子虫基因分型和进化关系的分子标记。结果显示:基于CPN60构建的进化树将隐孢子虫分为两大类:C.baileyi和C.meleagridis处于一个分枝,C.hominis、C.suis、C.parvum牛基因型和C.parvum鼠基因型处于另一个分枝上。不同隐孢子虫之间的同源性介于96%~100%,能有效区分隐孢子虫不同基因型。因此,CPN60基因序列也可作为隐孢子虫分离株种系发育的遗传标记。     

Detection of Histomonas meleagridis in turkeys cecal droppings by PCR amplification of the small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence

Histomonas meleagridis is a protozoan parasite that may cause histomoniasis, a disease of gallinaceous fowl characterized by necrotic typhlitis, hepatitis and high mortality. Diagnosis of this disease is based on direct identification or on cultivation of the parasite. With the aim of developing more sensitive, rapid and useful tools for parasite detection, PCR that amplified a DNA target of 209 pb of the 18S rRNA gene was designed to detect the genome of H. meleagridis and to differentiate it from the genome of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, another common protozoan parasite of fowl. The sensitivity of the test was evaluated using serial diluted samples of cultured H. meleagridis and showed positive amplification for concentrations comprised between 10 and 10(-1)parasites/ml of culture. The sensitivity for cecal droppings samples was assessed using spiked material and was comprised between 3 x 10(3) and 3 x 10(5)parasites/ml of stool. The reliability of the PCR for the detection of Histomonas infection was also evaluated by experimental infection of turkeys. Results of the PCR appeared to be in agreement with the development of the clinical signs and of the cecal lesions. The PCR developed in this study may be a useful tool in the detection and identification of H. meleagridis for rapid, routine screening as a supplement to direct identification or cultivation of the parasite.     

Genetical survey of novel type of Cryptosporidium andersoni in cattle in Japan

Previously, we reported that an isolate of novel type of Cryptosporidium andersoni detected in cattle in Japan contained Type A (identical to C. andersoni reported previously) and Type B (having a thymine nucleotide insertion unlike the Type A) genotypes in the 18S rRNA gene. Here, we conducted an extensive investigation of Cryptosporidium infections in adult cattle in Japan from 2004 to 2007. Consequently, Cryptosporidium sp. were detected in 12 of the 205 cattle examined (5.9%), and partial sequences of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene in all isolates were identical to those of the previously reported data for C. andersoni whereas two signals were observed in the sequence of the partial 18S rRNA gene in all the isolates. In transmission studies using five of the isolates, they all infected SCID mice. Modified multiplex PCR using DNA of a single oocyst isolated from the infected SCID mice revealed that the partial sequences in the 18S rRNA gene of 40-80% of 10 isolates were identical to the Type A genotype of C. andersoni and those of other samples were identical to the Type B genotype. These results suggested that the C. andersoni novel type is widespread in cattle throughout Japan, and have multiple copies (Types A and B) in the 18S rRNA gene.     

Genotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium sp. from domestic animals in Brazil

The purpose of the present study was the genetic characterization, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences of Cryptosporidium isolates obtained from different animal hosts in Brazil. Fecal samples containing Cryptosporidium oocysts were obtained from chickens, ducks, quails, guinea pigs, dairy calves, dogs and cats. For amplification of 18S rDNA sequences the Secondary-PCR product of the extracted DNA from fecal suspension of each studied animal was utilized. The primary genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. was performed using RFLP with the enzymes SspI and VspI. DNA samples were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The results showed C. baileyi infecting two ducks and one quail and C. melagridis infecting one chicken. The sequences obtained from Cryptosporidium sp. infecting guinea pigs were not identified within groups of known Cryptosporidium species. The isolates found parasitizing cats and one dog were diagnosed as C. felis and C. canis, respectively. One isolate of calf origin was identified as C. parvum. The phylogenetic analysis showed clear distribution of isolates between two Cryptosporidium sp. groups according to their gastric or intestinal parasitism. A great genetic distance was observed between C. felis and C. canis from Brazil when compared to the reference sequences obtained from GenBank. The results obtained during this study constitute the first report of rDNA sequences from C. baileyi, C. meleagridis, C. felis, C. canis and C. parvum isolated in Brazil.