共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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《中国预防兽医学报》2015,(8)
<正>多药外排系统(Multi-drug resistance,MDR)是细菌固有及获得性耐药的重要组成部分之一。目前,可将在不同细菌中发现的20多种外排泵,分为5个家族:小多药耐药族(Small multi-drug resistance,SMR);ATP结合盒超家族(ATP binding cassette,ABC);耐药节结化细胞分化超家族(Resistance nodulation cell division,RND);主要易化子超家族(Major facilitator,MF);多种抗菌药物排出转运分子家族(Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion,MATE)。Cme ABC外排系统(MDR)属于耐药节结化细胞分化超家族 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2012,(6)
<正>细菌主要通过药物代谢酶将药物失活、靶向改造药物作用部位、降低细胞膜通透性和通过耐药泵主动将胞内药物泵出胞外4种方式抵抗抗生素和其他药物的毒性作用,其中细菌通过耐药泵将药物排出胞外是细菌的主要耐药机制之一,尤其是多重耐药泵,可以 相似文献
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外排泵抑制剂小肽1号对抗菌药抗菌活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了观察外排泵抑制剂小肽1号对抗菌药抗菌活性的影响,本试验采用标准微量稀释法,测定了6类8种抗菌药单用和与小肽1号联用对12株临床分离鸡大肠杆菌的MIC值。结果表明,12株鸡大肠杆菌中有9株为产超广谱酶的多重耐药菌株,小肽1号(1∶2)使恩诺沙星等8种药物的抗菌活性多数增强2倍,使氟苯尼考对A8、A15的抗菌活性增强了4倍,小肽1号(1∶2或1∶4)使恩诺沙星、甲替沙星、环丙沙星的抗菌活性增强2倍,使左旋氧氟沙星对A13的抗菌活性增强4倍。以上结果表明,细菌外排泵抑制剂-小肽1号对大多数药物的抗菌活性有一定的增强作用,产酶多重耐药的鸡大肠杆菌至少同时存在产ESBLs、外排泵两种耐药机制。 相似文献
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由于各种抗生素在临床上的广泛应用,导致细菌多重耐药菌株(Multiple-resistant strain,MRS)的不断出现.由主动外排系统介导,阻止药物在菌体内积聚是细菌产生多重耐药性的主要机制之一,主动外排系统在细菌多重耐药性的研究中显得越来越重要.目前大肠杆菌主动外排系统的研究已成为热点,现已发现大肠杆菌中存在多种主动外排系统,如AcrAB、AcrEF、EmrAB、Ecr、QacE等.本文就近年来有关大肠杆菌主动外排系统的研究作以介绍. 相似文献
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败血症和由此引起起的休克 ,虽然运用有效的抗生素、血管活性药物和先进的监测技术、精细的护理 ,发病死亡率一直维持在6 0 %~ 80 %。一般败血休克都是由于感染了革兰氏阴性细菌而由细菌外层释放内毒素引起致病的。1 革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁结构和功能革兰氏阳性菌胞壁网是由 4 0 相似文献
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苯扎溴铵和氯已定诱导的大肠埃希菌耐药性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨细菌对消毒剂和抗菌药物耐药性之间的相关性,本试验通过亚抑菌浓度苯扎溴铵和氯已定分别对大肠埃希菌质控菌ATCC25922进行体外诱导培养,测定诱导前后多种抗菌药物最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的变化,并通过实时荧光定量PCR检测诱导前后大肠埃希菌外排泵acrAB-Tolc中融合蛋白AcrA调控基因acrA mRNA的表达量;结果显示,经苯扎溴铵和氯已定诱导后的大肠埃希菌,对恩诺沙星、磺胺二甲嘧啶钠、土霉素、阿莫西林均产生了耐药性,且诱导后的菌株均存在acrA基因mRNA高水平表达,提示大肠埃希菌对消毒剂与抗菌药物之间的耐药性存在相关性,其机制可能是外排耐药机制。 相似文献
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在多种重要病原体中存在抗生素排出泵,它与其它抗性一起构成了细菌显著的耐药性,其识别的底物非常广泛.G-菌中还存在与排出泵不同的另一种以蛋白质构成的排出系统,通过底物特异性内膜蛋白和外膜蛋白TolC家族的可逆性互作,也可以直接将包括小分子药物和大分子蛋白毒素等的多种分子从胞浆经周质区运到体外.粘附在内置医疗装置或组织中的细菌因其形成生物薄膜结构和以蛋白质、多糖为主的水性基质包裹的菌体也可以产生长期感染以及对抗生素的持久抗性,这种抗性与经典的质粒、转座子或突变产生的抗性不同.本文对细菌TolC家族和生物薄膜引起的抗性机制进行了综述. 相似文献
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The harm for livestock and poultry production caused by Mycoplasma infection has got widespread attention of researchers in the world. The practical ways to control the disease in order to reduce economic loss through Mycoplasma infection is the extensive use of antibiotics. Many groups of antibiotics including tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones have been shown to be effective to Mycoplasma. Clinical practice shows many Mycoplasma isolated from livestock and poultry are characterized not only by single drug resistance but also by multiple antibiotic resistance due to the legacy of past decades of antimicrobial misuse, which threat the livestock and poultry production health. This paper reviews the mechanism of anti-Mycoplasma medicines through the alterations in the targets, the formation of efflux pump system, and the generation of inactivated enzymes of antibiotics, which provide theoretical basis and strategies for establishing resistance testing system, rational drug use and development of new drugs. 相似文献
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畜禽支原体耐药性及耐药机制研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
支原体感染给畜禽养殖造成的危害已受到国内外科研人员的广泛重视。目前控制畜禽支原体感染、降低畜禽养殖经济损失的切实有效方法是大量使用抗生素,其中四环素、大环内酯类及喹诺酮类药物是现阶段临床兽医首选的3类抗菌药。但短短几十年的临床实践表明,滥用抗生素已经严重威胁畜禽健康,许多畜禽支原体临床分离株不仅仅对单一抗生素产生耐药性,而且同时对多种抗生素耐药。作者从药物靶位点改变、外排泵系统形成、抗菌药物灭活酶产生等方面对上述抗畜禽支原体药物的耐药机制进行阐述,以期为建立支原体耐药性检测体系、指导临床合理用药、开发新的药物等提供理论依据和策略。 相似文献
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In this study, the mechanism conferring multiple drug resistance in several strains of flavobacteria isolated from the ovarian fluids of hatchery reared 3-year old brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis was investigated. Metabolic fingerprinting and 16S rRNA gene sequences identified the isolates as Flavobacterium johnsoniae. The isolates exhibited multiple resistances to a wide range of antimicrobial classes including penicillin, cephem, monobactam, aminoglycoside, and phenicol. Although plasmids and other transposable elements containing antimicrobial resistance genes were not detected, the isolates did contain a genomic sequence for a chloramphenicol-inducible resistance-nodulation-division family multidrug efflux pump system. Efflux pumps are non-specific multidrug efflux systems. They are also a component of cell-cell communication systems, and respond specifically to cell membrane stressors such as oxidative or nitrosative stress. Understanding of efflux pump mediated antibiotic resistances will affect efficacy of clinical treatments of fishes associated with F. johnsoniae epizootics. 相似文献
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细菌耐药拮抗剂的研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
本文介绍了具有拮抗细菌耐药性作用的物质的研究进展情况,包括灭活酶抑制剂、药物渗透促进剂、外输泵抑制剂、细菌生物被膜抑制剂、抗菌药物增强剂、耐药质粒消除剂等。 相似文献
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Nakaichi M Takeshita Y Okuda M Nakamoto Y Itamoto K Une S Sasaki N Kadosawa T Takahashi T Taura Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(2):111-115
Cellular drug resistance to antineoplastic drugs is often due to the presence of a drug efflux pump that reduces intracellular drug accumulation and chemosensitivity. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is encoded by the MDR1 gene, is considered to function as an ATP-driven membrane drug efflux pump and appears to play an important role in tumor cell resistance. In the present report, we assessed the expression of MDR1 by RT-PCR in three canine mast cell tumor cell lines, TiMC, CoMS and LuMC, originating from a cutaneous tumor, an oral-mucosal tumor and a gastrointestinal tumor, respectively. P-gp expression was also examined by Western blot analysis, while the functional activity of P-gp was assessed by flowcytometric analysis of intracellular rhodamine-123 (Rhd-123) uptake. The results revealed that MDR1 gene and P-gp were both expressed in CoMS and LuMC cells, whereas neither was present in TiMC cells. In CoMS and LuMC cells, intracellular uptake of Rhd-123 increased in the presence of verapamil, a functional modulator of P-gp. In contrast, TiMC cells did not show any changes in the intracellular accumulation of Rhd-123 after the verapamil addition. These findings suggest that the expressions of MDR1 gene and P-gp probably contribute to cellular drug resistance in canine mast cell tumors. 相似文献
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鸡蛋药物残留研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
国内外鸡蛋药物残留主要包括合成抗菌药物(磺胺类药物、喹诺酮类药物和硝基咪唑类药物)、抗生素类药物(四环素类、大环内酯类、氯霉素类及其他抗生素类药物)、抗球虫药物(聚醚类药物)及农药等。这些药物都是常见的家禽用药,由于其效果好、价格低廉、抗菌谱广等被广泛应用。但药物残留直接危害人体健康,且细菌对该类药物较易产生耐药性,耐药菌株可通过食物链向人类传递,此外鸡蛋药物的残留也可导致人体内敏感细菌产生耐药性,该现象已引起了全世界的关注。目前对动物性食品药物残留进行监测是确保食品安全和人类健康的最后一道防线。因此鸡蛋常见药物残留的监测技术的研究,可确保鸡蛋食用安全性,提高鸡蛋的质量,保障人体健康,增强国际贸易竞争力。 相似文献