牛多杀性巴氏杆菌外膜蛋白的研究进展

多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida,Pm)是引起牛巴氏杆菌病的主要病原体,牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌主要引起牛肺炎和乳房炎,牛B型多杀性巴氏杆菌主要引起牛出血性败血症。以往,牛出血性败血症给我国养殖行业造成了严重危害。如今,牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌病在我国报道逐渐增多,表现出了散发和地方流行的特征,再一次对我国的肉牛养殖业和奶牛养殖业以及其他相关行业的发展带来了很大的危害,亟待研究出安全有效的疫苗对其进行防治。牛多杀性巴氏杆菌病的外膜蛋白(outer manbrance proteins,0MPs)的研究将对后期研制相关疫苗产生积极的影响,笔者对牛多杀性巴氏杆菌的外膜蛋白及其基因分析等进行综合阐述。     

兔巴氏杆菌的分离与鉴定

<正>多杀性巴氏杆菌是引起畜禽(如兔、猪、牛、鸡等)巴氏杆菌病的病原菌,主要引起动物发生出血性败血症。兔巴氏杆菌病又称为兔出血性败血症,是严重危害养兔业的细菌性传染病之一。采集疑似病死兔病料进行了兔巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定。1临床症状     

兔巴氏杆菌病诊断

<正>多杀性巴氏杆菌是引起畜禽(如兔、猪、牛、鸡等)巴氏杆菌病的病原菌,主要引起动物发生出血性败血症。动物之间具有传染性,人亦可能感染。兔的巴氏杆菌病又称为兔出血性败血症,是严重危害养兔业的细菌性传染病之一。该病的病原是多杀性巴氏杆菌。各种年龄、品种的兔均易感染,2~6月龄兔发病率和病死率较高。病原菌通过消化道和呼吸道感染,病兔排泄物、分泌物中含细菌,通过直接或间接接触     

牛多杀性巴氏杆菌病灭活疫苗的实验室制备及小鼠攻毒试验分析

从患病牛中分离的两株A型多杀性巴氏杆菌WC1654株和LD01株分别进行生化试验、PCR鉴定、LD50测定、细菌灭活、疫苗配置、小鼠免疫和攻毒保护试验。PCR结果显示,两株多杀性巴氏杆菌WC1654株和LD01株均含有5种毒力基因。攻毒试验结果灭活疫苗对免疫小鼠保护率为60%。为巴氏杆菌病高效疫苗的研究与开发奠定基础,为防治牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌病提供一种生物制品。     

产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌研究进展

产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌 (T Pm)是引起猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的主要病原菌。对 T Pm的检出及高效疫苗的研制是根除猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的关键。产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌毒素是一种皮肤坏死毒素 ,也是一种活性很强的有丝分裂原 ,单独就可引起细胞 DNA的合成及分裂。基于此毒素的特性 ,已经建立了诸如豚鼠皮肤坏死实验、小鼠致死实验、细胞促生长实验、胎牛肺细胞毒性实验、EL ISA及 PCR等方法来检测产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌。随着人们对产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌毒素活性的研究 ,猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的疫苗也逐渐向更安全、有效的毒素疫苗发展。文章主要对 T Pm的检测方法、毒素生物学活性及疫苗的发展进行了概述     

牛巴氏杆菌病诊断技术及疫苗研究进展

多杀性巴氏杆菌是引起牛急性出血性败血症和呼吸系统疾病的主要病原菌,牛巴氏杆菌病的预防主要应用血清B型多杀性巴氏杆菌商品化疫苗,血清A型疫苗的研发迫在眉睫。本文就牛巴氏杆菌病分子生物学检测技术、免疫学诊断技术及疫苗开发研究现状进行综述,以期为研究者进一步建立牛巴氏杆菌病的诊断技术及制定防控策略提供参考。     

一起肥育猪多杀性巴氏杆菌病的诊治

多杀性巴氏杆菌是一种革兰氏阴性短杆菌,瑞氏染色常能见两极浓染。多杀性巴氏杆菌病是可引起多种动物和人发病的重要共患传染病,易感染鸡、猪、牛等家养畜禽,常导致动物因发生出血性败血症和传染性肺炎死亡[1]。本菌常存在于多种健康动物的口腔和咽部黏膜,可引起多种畜禽巴氏杆菌病,在临床上表现为出血性败血症、传染性肺炎或局部慢性感染等。多杀性巴氏杆菌在鲜血培养基和血清平板上生长良好,无溶血活性,普通培养基上生长不良[2],对小鼠和家兔有高度致病性。     

牛巴氏杆菌病的防治

正巴氏杆菌病是由巴氏杆菌病(Pm)引起的人类、多种野生动物以及畜禽的一类传染病的总称,炎性出血、败血症是动物急性病例的重要特征。巴氏杆菌病在世界范围内广泛分布,可在同种动物或不同种动物中交互感染,也会导致人的感染,一般是由于被动物咬伤致病。巴氏杆菌病传播的自然媒介主要是蝉以及跳蚤等昆虫。本文主要介绍牛感染巴氏杆菌病的防治,为研究巴氏杆菌病高效疫苗提供一点依据和参考。1牛巴氏杆菌病的分型     

羊巴氏杆菌病的诊断要点及其防治措施

羊巴氏杆菌病是一种由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的多种动物共患的传染病,其病原菌对人也有一定的致病性,分布极为广泛,危害性非常严重,主要从羊巴氏杆菌病的临床症状、病理变化、实验室诊断及综合防治措施等几方面进行综述,以期为羊巴氏杆菌病的防控提供参考。     

一例蓝狐巴氏杆菌病的诊治

巴氏杆菌病是家畜、家禽和毛皮动物常发的传染病,其特点是发病急、病势猛、死亡率高。巴氏杆菌病是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起各种畜禽和野生动物均可被感染的一种传染病。     

The evolution of vaccines for bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis

Since the early 1900s bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis has been recognised as a major economic problem to European and North American cattle industries. Initial attempts to prevent the disease were complicated by incomplete knowledge of the causative organisms. Despite some early reports of vaccine-induced protection against disease, initial vaccines were of questionable protective value. From the late 1950s to the 1970s Pasteurella haemolytica and P multocida bacterins were the primary type of vaccine used commercially and experimentally. When viruses, most notably bovine herpesvirus 1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) and parainfluenza-3 virus, were found to be associated with bovine respiratory disease, viral vaccines were used in attempts to prevent pneumonic pasteurellosis. Combinations of bacterins and viral vaccines were also developed and evaluated. Collectively, bacterins, viral vaccines and bacterin-virus combinations did not consistently reduce disease in experimental trials or field use. By the 1980s some studies using live vaccines were reportedly successful in reducing the incidence of pneumonic pasteurellosis. Current experimental studies revolve around the identification and incorporation of specific Pasteurella species antigen extracts into vaccines. The efficacy of these new extract vaccines is yet to be determined.     

The inefficacy of polivalent Pasteurella multocida vaccines for sheep

Immunity assays on sheep sera using passive mouse protection tests showed that vaccines containing more than 4 strains of Pasteurella multocida did not give a good immunity. The immune response was not enhanced by the use of an oil adjuvant, and high concentrations of bacteria had only a partial positive effect. Attempts to extract selectively the protection-inducing antigen(s) from P. multocida by veronal, phenol or potassium thiocyanate extraction were unsuccessful. Furthermore, it was found that sheep antisera to the recognized type strains of P. multocida afforded only limited protection against a number of field strains. We concluded from this that successful immunization against ovine pasteurellosis will depend on either the identification of a strain of P. multocida that gives a wide spectrum of immunity or the discovery of a live mutant suitable for vaccine production and the definition of cultural conditions that promote the expression of a common immunizing antigen.     

Vaccination studies against experimental bovine Pasteurella pneumonia.

Vaccination-challenge experiments were conducted in colostrum-deprived calves to evaluate the efficacy of Pasteurella bacterins and vaccines against experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis. Calves were vaccinated with formalin-killed bacterins and live vaccines, then challenge exposed intratracheally with P. haemolytica or P. multocida. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was inoculated intranasally three to four days prior to P. haemolytica challenge-exposure. All calves were examined for macroscopic and microscopic lesions after being found dead or following euthanasia four to seven days after challenge exposure with the bacterial pathogen. Clinical, hematological, and pathological responses to challenge exposure in aluminum hydroxide absorbed P. haemolytica and P. multocida bacterin-treated calves were consistent with the pneumonic lesions of pulmonary pasteurellosis in the control calves. An oil-adjuvanted P. haemolytica bacterin limited clinical and pathological responses in the affected calves whereas a P. multocida oil-adjuvanted bacterin did not. Both clinical and pathological responses to challenge exposure in calves vaccinated with live Pasteurella vaccines were less severe than those of the control calves. Vaccine effectiveness appeared to be dose dependent.     

The molecular epidemiology of four outbreaks of porcine pasteurellosis

Biochemical profiles, restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and ribotyping were used to investigate a total of 38 Pasteurella multocida isolates from four separate outbreaks of pasteurellosis in Australian piggeries. Six isolates were obtained from Outbreak 1, 16 from Outbreak 2 and eight each from outbreaks 3 and 4. Outbreaks 1 and 2 were cases of pneumonic pasteurellosis while outbreaks 3 and 4 involved systemic pasteurellosis. Biochemical characterisation established that a number of different types of P. multocida were present in outbreaks 1 and 3 while outbreaks 2 and 4 were associated with a single type of P. multocida. Outbreaks 1 and 3 yielded isolates of P. multocida that belonged to the subspecies multocida and gallicida, with the subspecies multocida isolates being identified as biovar 3 (6 in total) or 12 (1 in total) and the subspecies gallicida isolates (7 in total) being identified as biovar 8. All 24 isolates from outbreaks 2 and 4 belonged to the subspecies multocida and were all biovar 3. REA and ribotyping showed that, in outbreaks 1 and 3, there were three different types of P. multocida in each outbreak with no common strains between the outbreaks. The molecular methods showed that only a single strain of P. multocida was associated with outbreaks 2 and 4, although the outbreaks were associated with strains that differed in REA profiles but shared a ribotype profile. This study has shown that both, systemic and pneumonic pasteurellosis can be associated with either a single strain or multiple strains of P. multocida. The results also indicate that the molecular typing methods of REA and ribotyping are superior to biochemical characterisation for epidemiological investigation of porcine pasteurellosis.     

The pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida serotype A:3,4 infection in turkeys: a comparison of two vaccine strains and a field isolate

The pathogenesis of avian pasteurellosis caused by two vaccine strains, M-9 and Clemson University (CU), and a highly virulent field isolate, 86-1913, of Pasteurella multocida (serotype A:3,4) was studied in 7-week-old turkeys inoculated by an oculo-nasal-oral technique. Turkeys inoculated with strain CU and isolate 86-1913 developed severe progressive bacteremia that began at 4 hours postinoculation (PI) and peaked at 16-20 hours PI. Turkeys inoculated with strain CU and isolate 86-1913 had significantly higher concentrations of bacteria in blood and tissues, and greater histologic lesion scores for necrosis, heterophil infiltrates, and intralesional bacteria than turkeys inoculated with strain M-9. Immunohistochemical staining specific for P. multocida demonstrated numerous extracellular bacteria in tissues from turkeys inoculated with strain CU and isolate 86-1913. The mortality for turkeys inoculated with isolate 86-1913 was significantly higher than for turkeys receiving the two vaccine strains.     

An update of rabbit diseases. Part 1: respiratory disease

The literature relating to respiratory disease in rabbits is reviewed. Pasteurella multocida was identified in the 1920s as the most important and common cause of respiratory disease in rabbits, and today pasteurellosis remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in farmed rabbits. Methods of treatment and prevention are reviewed, including recent experimental work in vaccine development.     

鸭巴氏杆菌病灭活疫苗的研制与应用初报

鸭巴氏杆菌病发病急、死亡快，用禽霍乱疫苗免疫，效果欠佳，为此，我们从发病鸭中分离一株鸭巴氏杆菌强毒株，制成氢氧化铝甲醛灭活疫苗，试用１００多万羽份，表明对该病具有良好的保护作用。     

An outbreak of Pasteurella multocida pneumonia in lambs during a field trial of a vaccine against Pasteurella haemolytica

A vaccine against pneumonic pasteurellosis was evaluated for efficacy at two dilutions in lambs transported by sea from New Zealand to Saudi Arabia. The experimental vaccine was a killed Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 and A2 preparation. There was no evidence of either dilution of the vaccine leading to a lower pneumonia death or lesion rate than for the control group. However, bacteriological examinations to establish the causality of the pneumonia cases showed Pasteurella multocida to be the dominant organism, while P. haemolytica types A1 and/or A2 occurred at only a very low incidence.     

A field evaluation of the efficacy of two vaccines against ovine pneumonic pasteurellosis

Two vaccines against pneumonic pasteurellosis were evaluated for efficacy in lambs transported by sea from New Zealand to Saudi Arabia. One vaccine contained whole cell antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica A2 grown under iron restricted conditions. The other contained Pasteurella haemolytica A1 cell surface and leucotoxin antigens. There was no clear evidence of either vaccine leading to a lower pneumonia death or lesion rate than for the control group.     

兔出血症-巴氏杆菌病二联灭活苗的研制

筛选出了具有良好免疫原性的兔瘟强毒株GMH881和兔巴氏杆菌C51-17株,研制出了兔出血症-巴氏杆菌二联灭活苗,对疫苗进行了免疫剂量、免疫产生期、兔出血症抗体测定、免疫保护期、保存期等试验：确定出二联苗免疫剂量1.0 mL;二联苗在免疫后5 d对兔病毒性出血症强毒的保护率达到100%,二联苗免疫后7d对兔巴氏杆菌的保护率均达到80%以上;二联苗的兔病毒性出血症抗体测定,结果表明,二联苗免疫家兔后7d HI抗体均可达22.75,15 d明显上升,二联苗HI效价30 d达到最高峰,可达28.0,二联苗在60~120 d均可维持在27.0~25.5水平,到180 d时抗体水平面略有下降为25.25,二联苗分别在免疫后4个月、6个月用兔出血症强毒攻击均产生100%保护,在6个月用2个MLD的兔巴氏杆菌攻击保护率可达70%以上,二联苗4~8℃条件下保存期暂定为1年,25℃条件下暂定为半年。