三种松木单板的胶合工艺条件和胶合性能的改善

用ＵＦ、ＭＵＦ胶制作三种松木胶合板，分别就单板厚度、涂胶量及抽提物含量对胶合性能的影响，松木与柳安混合树种组坯、特殊添加剂对改善胶合性能的作用进行了研究。结果表明：除了老挝松边材ＭＵＦ胶合板以外，１．５和２．０ｍｍ厚的单板胶合强度均达到或超过日本ＪＡＳ普通胶合板的要求。合板胶合强度随单板厚度增加而下降，在一定范围内增加涂胶量可以提高合板胶合强度，混合组坯及施加特殊添加剂具有改善松木单板胶合性能的作用。     

PF-1#低毒快固酚醛树脂胶的研制与应用

低毒、快固和降低树脂率一直是酚醛树脂胶的研究方向。针对这些问题进行试验，首先合成了低毒快固酚醛树脂胶，该胶的游离酚、游离醛含量均低于0．1％。用该胶压制3层胶合板，按Ⅰ类胶合板国家标准检测剪切强度：桦木平均达1．77MPa，杨木平均达1．37MPa；木破率：桦木85％，杨木95％。然后采用均匀设计的方法考查了填充剂对低毒快固PF-1^#酚醛树脂胶粘剂性能的影响，结果表明，按最优配比调胶，其胶合性能较为理想。     

十种木材材性对其胶合板物理力学性能影响的研究

检测了南方 １０ 种木材旋切单板的外观特征,并对以这些单板压制的胶合板的物理力学性能进行了对比和分析研究．结果表明：不同树种木材的质量密度、硬度、粗细结构及内含物对胶合板的质量密度、压缩率、胶合强度、抗弯强度和吸水厚度膨胀率分别有不同程度的影响．除刨花楠由于内含物的影响其胶合板的胶合强度达不到国家标准外,其余树种木材的各种物理力学性能指标均达到或超过 ＧＢ９８４６．４—８８ 规定的标准,但它们之间存在着一定的差别．     

Evaluation of rolling shear strength of plywood by flexural vibration method

The rolling shear strength of plywood was evaluated using a flexural vibration test. Test specimens were lauan and Douglas fir three-ply plywoods made from thick veneers. The dynamic shear and Young's moduli were determined using the flexural vibration method, which involved in-plane and out-of-plane flexural vibration. The rolling shear strength was determined using the static destructive method, which is dependent on the direction of the lathe check in the core veneer. Before and after accelerated aging treatments were conducted, there were relations between out-of-plane dynamic properties (out-of-plane shear and Young's moduli) and its rolling shear strength. It was concluded that the rolling shear strength is related not only to the shear property of the core but the flexural stiffness of two faces when the deformation of out-of-plane plywood was not restrained.Part of this work was presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of The Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997     

Study on sheet material made from zephyr strands V: Properties of zephyr strand board and zephyr strand lumber using the veneer of fast-growing species such as poplar

Zephyr strand board (ZSB) and zephyr strand lumber (ZSL) were produced using zephyr made from poplar veneer to investigate the greater utilization of low-density poplar as a structural material. These materials were then compared to ordinary plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) from poplar veneer, lauan plywood, and particleboard. The bending properties (moduli of rupture and elasticity) of ZSB proved superior to those of poplar plywood: and ZSL produced from poplar veneer zephyr had bending properties greater than ordinary LVL from poplar veneer. Apparently, the conversion of the poplar veneer into zephyr material had a positive effect on bending properties. Additionally, poplar ZSB had bending properties superior to those of lauan particleboard and equal to those of lauan plywood. The internal bond strength of poplar veneer ZSB was nearly two times greater than that of lauan particleboard.Parts of this report were presented at the international symposium on the utilization of fast-growing trees, Nanjing, China, October 1994. Report IV appeared inMokuzai Kogyo 49:599, 1994     

脱脂与未脱脂马尾松胶合板的性能差异研究

采用热压方式对脱脂和未脱脂马尾松胶合板的性能进行研究。结果表明:在马尾松单板水煮脱脂过程中,随着脱脂时间的延长,其脱脂率逐渐加大,但脱脂速度相对降低。马尾松单板水煮脱脂在1~3 h内的脱脂率变化不大,脱脂效果与水煮时间关系不密切;在3~5 h内,单板脱脂率变化较大,脱脂率与水煮时间有密切关系。板坯热压的前3~4 min,未脱脂板坯的升温速度比脱脂板坯升温速度快;4 min后脱脂板坯的升温速度明显快于未脱脂板坯,而未脱脂板坯在较长时间内温度仅呈缓慢升高趋势。脱脂处理的马尾松胶合板在物理力学性能各个指标上都明显优于未脱脂处理的马尾松胶合板。     

Factors influencing the production of structural plywood in Tasmania,Australia from Eucalyptus nitens rotary peeled veneer

Harvested logs supplied from five fibre-managed Eucalyptus nitens plantation coupes with different growing environments were assessed for quality and stiffness. Billets extracted from the logs were rotary peeled for veneer. When averaged across the five coupes, 30% of veneer recovered could be used directly in structural plywood production and an additional 20–25% could be used after further processing. In visual assessment most veneer was assigned an Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS2269.0:2012 Quality D. Acoustic testing during processing showed veneer peeled from a drier and lower elevation coupe had significantly higher dynamic MOE values than veneer processed from logs harvested from wetter higher elevation coupes. To examine the utility of the E. nitens peeled veneer in the production of structural plywood, it was combined with veneer of a known higher stiffness, rotary peeled from regrowth forest Tasmanian oak species logs. Structural seven-ply panels were manufactured from the veneer prepared in three different ply arrangements. Mechanical testing of the panels in accordance with AS/NZS2269.0:2012 showed that an F17 target stress-grade panel product of 83% E. nitens and 17% Tasmanian oak species could be produced, if E. nitens veneer of higher stiffness were selected from veneer segregated by estimated dynamic Modulus of Elasticity value. Panels with 50% E. nitens and 50% Tasmanian oak veneer could be produced by selecting E. nitens veneer of lower stiffness after segregation. In the majority of panels tested stress-grade rating was limited by perpendicular bending strength. Outcomes from the study indicate that structural plywood can be manufactured using differing proportions of E. nitens veneer, rotary peeled from fibre-managed plantations, provided it can be segregated into stiffness categories and selected to achieve a target stress-grade.     

火炬松旋切及单板质量与木材性质关系的研究

鉴于对国产火炬松木材性质和胶合板制造技术研究甚少的现状，本试验检测了火炼松的木材密度、硬度及横纹抗弯性能，同时采用不同的旋切参数进行单板旋切试验。在试验的基础上研究了木材性质瑟旋切条件和单板质量的关系。结果表明：木材的密度、硬度和横纹抗弈性能与旋切条件和单板质量有着密切的关系；采用适宜的旋切条件，可以得到质量较好的单板，火炬松单板旋切是可行的。     

Manufacturing of LVL using cost-effective resin impregnation and layup technologies

The purpose of this study was to develop a cost-effective method to manufacture high-performance laminated veneer lumber (LVL) from mountain pine beetle (MPB)-affected veneers through partial resin impregnation and optimum board layup. Dry MPB-affected veneer sheets were segregated into two stress grades based on dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE). A new phenol formaldehyde resin with a 30% solids content was formulated for resin impregnation. To reduce resin consumption, only veneer sheets used as outer layers were dipped in the resin for 5?min and then dried to manufacture 13-ply LVL. The bending properties, shear strength and dimensional stability of these LVL billets were examined and compared to those from the controls made from entirely untreated veneers. The results demonstrated that high-grade (E1) MPB-affected veneers had lower resin solids uptake than low-grade (E2) counterparts based on a 5?min dipping. Compared with the controls, the LVL billets made from resin-impregnated veneers for outer layers yielded increased surface hardness, significantly improved dimensional stability, shear strength and modulus of rupture on both edgewise and flatwise as well as better appearance with no cosmetic concerns. However, the improvement in LVL bending MOE was dependent on initial veneer stress grade. For high-grade (or density) E1 veneers, the use of impregnated veneers resulted in insignificant improvement in bending MOE. The optimum product layup was to place one ply of impregnated E1 grade veneer each for product face and back. By contrast, for low-grade (or density) E2 veneers, the use of impregnated veneers yielded a significantly higher flatwise bending MOE compared to the controls. The recommended product layup was the placement of two plies of impregnated E2 grade veneer sheets each for product face and back.     

4A分子筛改性阻燃胶合板的研制

用4A分子筛改性脲醛树脂、BL阻燃剂处理杨木单板,通过正交试验设计,制备阻燃胶合板并检测其胶合强度及阻燃性能。结果表明,分子筛可提高阻燃胶合板的胶合强度,分子筛加入胶黏剂中对阻燃胶合板的阻燃性能影响不大。分子筛改性阻燃胶合板制造的优化工艺为阻燃剂浓度10%、分子筛量4%、涂胶量380g/m2、热压温度120℃。     

表面强化杨木胶合板模板的研究

研究了用酚醛树脂浸渍的杨木单板作表板制造杨木胶合板模板的制造工艺。试验结果表明,这种表面强化的杨木胶合板模板具有较好的表面性能和力学强度,各项性能都优于有关标准的要求;用酚醛树脂浸渍的杨木单板二次覆贴杨木胶合板可使模板的性能较一次胶压更优。     

低温冷等离子体对不同含水率杨木单板表面改性的初步研究

笔者采用低温等离子片材表面处理机处理气干、绝干、过干三种含水率条件下的杨木单板,测量其处理前后表面润湿性和胶合性能,结果表明:冷等离子体改性后,气干、绝干、过干三种含水率下的杨木单板表面接触角分别降低13.3%、22.8%、39.3%(甘油),16.2%、35.2%、64.3%(脲醛树脂胶),且降低幅度随含水率降低呈递增趋势;冷等离子体改性能有效提高杨木单板的胶合性能,其变化规律与润湿性基本一致。     

新型竹质复合板的研究(Ⅱ)

本文对用喷砂处理的竹片作表层材料、芯层用木刨花制成的复合胶合板作了研究,结果表明复合胶合板具有非常高的强度,生产中可采用先将竹片和木单板胶合成一片,再将其和木刨花一次复合成板的工艺。     

Using acoustic wave velocity to select fibre-managed plantation Eucalyptus nitens logs for laminated veneer lumber products

The aims and objectives of this study were to investigate the potential to predict laminated veneer lumber (LVL) stiffness from wood properties measured on trees and logs, and determine variation in log, wood and veneer properties as a function of tree height and age. Log selections were made from trees in three stands that were planned for harvesting at 14, 20 and 21 years of age. Rotary peeled veneer recovery from the logs was on average 65%. After drying, Metriguard testing showed over 50% of the veneer had an estimated dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE_dyn) above 12 GPa, with 20% above 14 GPa, and that veneer from the second log by tree height had higher MOE_dyn values. In visual assessment to the AS/NZS 2269.0:2012 Standard, no veneer could be utilised in a panels face or subface positions and the older-age stand provided almost four times the volume of usable veneer. Standing-tree acoustic wave velocity (AWV) explained a moderate amount of variance in log MOE_dyn and Pearson correlation coefficients between the (Metriguard) veneer MOE_dyn, log AWV, log MOE_dyn and disc basic density were significant, positive and strong, with log AWV explaining most of the observed variance in log stiffness. A moderately strong and positive linear regression existed between log AWV and veneer MOE_dyn, supporting the use of log AWV tools for the ranking of stiffness in fibre-grown plantation E. nitens logs. Mechanical strength testing of LVL studs extracted from panels manufactured from the trial’s veneer indicated they equalled, and for some tested parameters exceeded, the characteristic design strength values previously published by commercial LVL manufacturers for equivalent size pine products.     

Forest overstory-understory relationships in Alabama forests

This study developed regional overstory-understory models for four forest types in southeastern Alabama and tested the ability of these models to predict understory vegetation using overstory data from southern and southwestern Alabama. Cross-sectional data from the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit Multiresource Survey of Alabama was used to analyze the relationship between timber stand characteristics and herbaceous cover under planted pine, natural pine, mixed pine-hardwoods, and upland hardwoods. Herbaceous cover was significantly related to total growing stock volume of timber in all forest types. Stand characteristics and management activities that affected herbaceous cover varied by forest type. The models for planted pine, mixed pine-hardwoods, and upland hardwoods captured a significant amount of the variation in the original data. Extrapolation of southeastern Alabama overstory-understory relationship to southern and southwestern forests was not possible with these models.     

ACQ-D中山杉防腐胶合板加工工艺研究

笔者研究了中山杉防腐胶合板的加工工艺。以ACQ-D为木材防腐剂,分别用不同方法对单板进行防腐处理,然后热压成胶合板。结果表明:中山杉防腐胶合板密度要高于未经防腐处理的普通中山杉胶合板,且中山杉防腐胶合板含水率与胶合强度均达到室外用胶合板I类要求。胶合板弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度普遍偏低。不同方法处理单板对胶合板载药量影响很大,其中满细胞法最高,浸泡法和双真空法相近,涂刷法最低。     

竹片覆面胶合板的初步研究

本文研究了以竹片为外层材料、多层杨木单板为芯层材料的复合胶合板的结构和力学性能，分析了板坯结构形式、纵向纵片厚度、单板层数及板坯压缩率与产品机械强度之间的关系。初步研究结果表明，板坯结构形式对产品的静载荷抗弯曲性能影响显著；在试验范围内，纵向竹片厚度为３．５－５．０ｍｍ、板坯压缩率在２３％左右时，竹片覆盖面杨木胶合板的综合力学性能比较理想。     

鲁林1、2、3号杨制作胶合板适宜性测定及评价

为评价3个杨树新品种鲁林1号、2号和3号制作胶合板的适宜性,选取生产中正应用的I-107、L35和中菏1号为对照,通过大田形质指标调查、鲜单板旋切性能评价、干单板质量评价和胶合板质量检验等方法,评价了其单板制作胶合板的适宜性及胶合板质量。试验结果表明,鲁林1、2、3号杨与3个对照相比具有较高的圆满度;鲁林1号分枝较细、分枝多且均匀,鲁林2号、3号分枝相对较少、较长、较粗;3个品种的鲜单板旋切性能均较好,干板质地良好,制作的胶合板成品符合国家标准,适宜做胶合板材。     

Plywood properties influenced by the glue line

Summary The effect of the number and the location of glue lines in the cross section on the bending properties has been studied on plywood bonded with tannin-formaldehyde adhesive. The thickness of glue line has also been investigated. By comparing the theoretical equations with the empirical ones, we can get the thickness of the glue line of wattle tannin adhesive plywood to be 0.15 mm. As for Young's modulus in bending of the glue line in the plywood, it is calculated to be 219 800 kg/cm² and is larger than that of the glue line of phenolic resin bonded plywood. In relation to the veneer, Young's modulus of the veneer under the condition of plywood assembly seems to be slightly larger than that of the veneer under the free condition.The author wishes to express his gratefulness to CSIRO of Australia for a Fellowship during the tenure of which this research was carried out. The direction and cooperation of Mr. K. F. Plomley, Dr. P. Grossman and Mr. P. Collins, CSIRO of Australia are gratefully acknowledged     

低毒脲醛胶用于杨木胶合板的研究

本文以五种杨木单板为试材研究了低毒不脱水脲醛树脂Ｐ２ＨＳ－５的胶合性能。无论采用相同或不同树种的杨木单板组坯制造胶合板均能得到理想的胶合强度。固化剂的用量对胶事强度影响较大，可根据杨木的树种作适当调整。