水稻再生茎长与根伤流势的关系

根伤流势作为判定根系活力的重要指标,因其测定方式的局限性导致无法开展规模化测定。本试验供试水稻品种8个,调查了根伤流势和再生茎长。试验结果表明,本试验调查的根伤流势和再生茎长均存在显著性品种间差异,是品种固有的遗传性状。再生茎长与单位茎的根伤流势(根伤流势/茎数)间呈极显著性正相关。再生茎长可以替代根伤流势估算品种的根系活力。本试验为研发规模化评价根系活力新指标提供数据和技术支撑。     

茶茎溃疡病的发生与防治技术研究

据陈宗懋报导,茶茎溃疡病（Phomopsis theae）最早是1917年在斯里兰卡发现,印度、肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、马拉维、乌干达和我国浙江相继报道。2005年,首次在安徽省岳西县和石台县无性系茶园中发生,迄今未见成功防治茶茎溃疡病的报道。我们对该新病害进行了症状观察、病原鉴定、环境条件分析和侵染循环记载,研究了农业防治、生物防治和化学防治技术,及时控制了其传播与蔓延,取得了良好的效果。     

亚麻鲜茎雨露沤制技术的初步研究

雨露麻以其生产方式简单,成本低,不污染环境而被广泛应用,但传统的雨露麻采用人工收获,在多雨季节里原茎保存困难,常发生霉烂。给工农业均造成损失。鲜茎雨露沤麻技术的提出解决了这一问题,同时使沤麻时间提前10天左右,亚麻收获就开始沤制,充分利用了亚麻收获季节的高温和降雨。沤麻速度快,沤麻时间缩短,降低了生产成本,麻率相对提高0.5-1个百分点,纤维强度增加1.2—2.7kg。此项技术对我国雨露麻的发展具有一定的指导意义。     

南方亚麻微生物脱胶技术研究2.麻茎特性对亚麻脱胶的影响

在天然水体条件下,对亚麻不同株龄、粗细、部位、含水量及霉变程度的麻茎进行了脱胶试验,结果表明:麻茎越老熟、越粗者,脱胶越难,反之,脱胶速度越快;鲜茎经刹青处理后,脱胶速度较快,其完成脱胶的时间分别较鲜茎、干茎缩短6h和12h;麻茎发生霉变后,脱胶速度明显变慢,整株霉变的脱胶时间长达82h,较未霉变的延长28h,且纤维质量变劣.     

南方亚麻微生物脱胶技术研究 2.麻茎特性对亚麻脱胶的影响

在天然水体条件下 ,对亚麻不同株龄、粗细、部位、含水量及霉变程度的麻茎进行了脱胶试验 ,结果表明 :麻茎越老熟、越粗者 ,脱胶越难 ,反之 ,脱胶速度越快 ;鲜茎经刹青处理后 ,脱胶速度较快 ,其完成脱胶的时间分别较鲜茎、干茎缩短 6 h和 1 2 h;麻茎发生霉变后 ,脱胶速度明显变慢 ,整株霉变的脱胶时间长达 82 h,较未霉变的延长 2 8h,且纤维质量变劣。     

南方亚麻微生物脱胶技术及其理论研究Ⅲ.麻茎特性对亚麻脱胶效果的影响

在天然水浸脱胶条件下,对影响亚麻脱胶效果的麻茎特性及其作用机制进行了初步探讨.结果表明,麻茎上带有脱胶能力较强的微生物,能加速亚麻脱胶进程;麻茎的部位、粗细、麻龄等不同,其纤维及胶质的组成和分布也有差异,对亚麻的脱胶速度均产生不同程度的影响;机械破损能够破坏麻茎的表皮结构,增大脱胶酶的侵袭面积,能加快亚麻的脱胶速度.     

云南宾川县亚麻生产技术系列报道之三 亚麻原茎高产栽培综合农艺措施数学模型的研究

试验应用农业系统工程学的原理和方法,研究探讨了密度、氮、磷、钾肥用量及氮肥施用时期五个主要栽培因素与原茎产量的相互关系。通过田间试验测得原茎产量参数,建立了亚麻原茎高产栽培数学模型,初步探讨出各栽培因素对亚麻原茎产量的影响、相互作用关系及最佳农艺措施组合方案,为亚麻原茎高产栽培提供科学依据。     

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity from algae of the genus Caulerpa

Marine natural products have been the focus of discovery for new products of chemical and pharmacological interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the methanolic (ME), acetate (AE), hexanic (HE) and chloroform (CE) extracts obtained from Caulerpa mexicana, and ME, CE and HE obtained from Caulerpa sertularioides. These marine algae are found all over the world, mainly in tropical regions. Models such as the writhing test, the hot plate test and formalin-induced nociception test were used to evaluate antinociceptive activity in laboratory mice. In the writhing test, all the extracts were administered orally at a concentration of 100 mg/kg, and induced high peripheral antinociceptive activity, with a reduction in the nociception induced by acetic acid above 65%. In the hot plate test, treatment with extracts from C. sertularioides (100 mg/kg, p.o.) did not significantly increase the latency of response, although the ME, AE and HE from C. mexicana showed activity in this model. This result suggests that these extracts exhibit antinociceptive activity. In the formalin test, it was observed that ME, AE and HE obtained from C. mexicana reduced the effects of formalin in both phases. On the other hand only CE from C. sertularioides induced significant inhibition of the nociceptive response in the first phase. To better assess the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts, the carrageenan-induced peritonitis test was used to test Caulerpa spp. extracts on cell migration into the peritoneal cavity. In this assay, all extracts evaluated were able to significantly inhibit leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity in comparison with carrageenan. These data demonstrate that extracts from Caulerpa species elicit pronounced antinociceptive and anti-inflamatory activity against several nociception models. However, pharmacological and chemical studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive action and also to identify the active principles present in the Caulerpa species.     

The Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Caulerpin,a Bisindole Alkaloid Isolated from Seaweeds of the Genus Caulerpa

The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of caulerpin was investigated. This bisindole alkaloid was isolated from the lipoid extract of Caulerpa racemosa and its structure was identified by spectroscopic methods, including IR and NMR techniques. The pharmacological assays used were the writhing and the hot plate tests, the formalin-induced pain, the capsaicin-induced ear edema and the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Caulerpin was given orally at a concentration of 100 μmol/kg. In the abdominal constriction test caulerpin showed reduction in the acetic acid-induced nociception at 0.0945 μmol (0.0103–1.0984) and for dypirone it was 0.0426 μmol (0.0092–0.1972). In the hot plate test in vivo the inhibition of nociception by caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was also favorable. This result suggests that this compound exhibits a central activity, without changing the motor activity (seen in the rotarod test). Caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) reduced the formalin effects in both phases by 35.4% and 45.6%, respectively. The possible anti-inflammatory activity observed in the second phase in the formalin test of caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was confirmed on the capsaicin-induced ear edema model, where an inhibition of 55.8% was presented. Indeed, it was also observed in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis that caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, reducing significantly the number of recruit cells by 48.3%. Pharmacological studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions and also to identify other active principles present in Caulerpa racemosa.     

Extraction Procedure,Characteristics, and Feasibility of Caulerpa microphysa (Chlorophyta) Polysaccharide Extract as a Cosmetic Ingredient

The green alga Caulerpa microphysa, which is native to Taiwan, has a relatively high economic value and a well-developed culture technique, and is used mainly as a foodstuff. Its extract has been shown to exhibit antitumor properties, but the polysaccharide content of the extract and its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects and moisture-absorption and -retention capacity remain unknown. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the polysaccharides in C. microphysa extract (CME) for use in cosmetics. The overall polysaccharide yield from the CME was 73.93% w/w, with four molecular weight fractions. The polysaccharides comprised 59.36 mol% mannose, 27.16 mol% glucose, and 13.48 mol% galactose. In addition, the CME exhibited strong antiallergic, wound-healing, transdermal-delivery, and moisture-absorption and -retention effects. In conclusion, the results suggested that CME potentially has anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects and a good moisture capacity, which can be used in cosmetic applications.     

Nutritional Value and Biofunctionalities of Two Edible Green Seaweeds (Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa racemosa) from Indonesia by Subcritical Water Hydrolysis

Caulerpa racemosa (sea grapes) and Ulva lactuca (sea lettuces) are edible green seaweeds and good sources of bioactive compounds for future foods, nutraceuticals and cosmeceutical industries. In the present study, we determined nutritional values and investigated the recovery of bioactive compounds from C. racemosa and U. lactuca using hot water extraction (HWE) and subcritical water extraction (SWE) at different extraction temperatures (110 to 230 °C). Besides significantly higher extraction yield, SWE processes also give higher protein, sugar, total phenolic (TPC), saponin (TSC), flavonoid contents (TFC) and antioxidant activities as compared to the conventional HWE process. When SWE process was applied, the highest TPC, TSC and TFC values were obtained from U. lactuca hydrolyzed at reaction temperature 230 °C with the value of 39.82 ± 0.32 GAE mg/g, 13.22 ± 0.33 DE mg/g and 6.5 ± 0.47 QE mg/g, respectively. In addition, it also showed the highest antioxidant activity with values of 5.45 ± 0.11 ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) mg/g and 8.03 ± 0.06 trolox equivalents (TE) mg/g for ABTS and total antioxidant, respectively. The highest phenolic acids in U. lactuca were gallic acid and vanillic acid. Cytotoxic assays demonstrated that C. racemosa and U. lactuca hydrolysates obtained by HWE and SWE did not show any toxic effect on RAW 264.7 cells at tested concentrations after 24 h and 48 h of treatment (p < 0.05), suggesting that both hydrolysates were safe and non-toxic for application in foods, cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals products. In addition, the results of this study demonstrated the potential of SWE for the production of high-quality seaweed hydrolysates. Collectively, this study shows the potential of under-exploited tropical green seaweed resources as potential antioxidants in nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products.     

Aqueous and methanolic extracts of Caulerpa mexicana suppress cell migration and ear edema induced by inflammatory agents

The regulation of the inflammatory response is essential to maintaining homeostasis. Several studies have investigated new drugs that may contribute to avoiding or minimizing excessive inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts of green algae Caulerpa mexicana on models inflammation. In mice, the inflammatory peritonitis model is induced by zymosan. Previous treatment of mice with aqueous and methanolic extracts of C. mexicana was able to suppress the cell migration to the peritoneal cavity, in a time-dependent but not in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment of mice with C. mexicana extracts also decreased the xylene-induced ear edema, exerting strong inhibitory leukocyte migration elicited by zymosan into the air pouch. We concluded that administration of the extracts resulted in a reduction of cell migration to different sites as well as a decrease in edema formation induced by chemical irritants. This study demonstrates for the first time the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts from the green marine algae Caulerpa mexicana.     

小麦品种郑麦7698耐强光高温的生理机制

为了阐明小麦品种郑麦7698耐强光高温的生理机制,以黄淮南片麦区区域试验对照品种周麦18和大面积推广品种矮抗58为对照,研究了该试验材料在强光、高温、强光高温交叉胁迫下的生理特性。结果表明,3种逆境对小麦叶片光合功能的影响程度依次为强光高温强光高温,且3个品种的耐强光高温特性存在显著差异。3种逆境胁迫处理下,郑麦7698的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭(qP)的下降幅度均显著低于周麦18和矮抗58,相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧阴离子生成速率、过氧化氢含量的上升幅度显著小于周麦18和矮抗58,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性在逆境下的上升幅度显著高于周麦18和矮抗58,表现出较好的耐强光高温特性。综合分析表明,郑麦7698之所以较周麦18和矮抗58具有更好的耐强光高温特性,是因为其在逆境下具有较高水平的抗氧化酶活性,可有效清除活性氧类物质,降低其光合机构受损程度,从而维持较高水平的光合效率。     

人工补光对植物生长发育的影响

人工补光能有效改善光照不足对作物造成的不利影响。从补光光质、光照强度和光照时间等方面综述了近年来人工补光对作物生长发育和生理生化的影响。     

两系杂交稻在长沙制种与繁殖的气象分析

长沙地区宜用育性转换临界光长＞１３小时３０分，临界温度为连续４天日平均气温＞２４℃，或连续２天日平均气温＞３℃，或连续４天日最低气温＞２２℃，或连续３天日最低气温＞２１℃的光温型不育系，长沙地区制种，敏感期直安排在 ８月中旬，抽穗期在 ８月下旬和 ９月初；繁殖则敏感期安排在８月下旬和９月初，抽穗期在９月上、中旬。     

不同光照强度及温度对甘蔗脱毒原种苗增殖效果的影响

选用甘蔗‘新台糖22号’为供试材料,分别研究了不同光照条件[40、60、80、100、120 μmol/(m2·s)]和温度条件(25、26、27、28、29、30、31和32℃)对甘蔗脱毒原种苗组织培养中增殖率以及植株生长状态的影响。结果表明：光照和温度对甘蔗组培苗的增殖及形态建成有着极其显著的影响,且当光照在100～120 μmol/(m2·s),温度在28～30℃,甘蔗脱毒原种苗增殖率最为理想。     

1H NMR Spectroscopy and MVA Analysis of Diplodus sargus Eating the Exotic Pest Caulerpa cylindracea

The green alga Caulerpa cylindracea is a non-autochthonous and invasive species that is severely affecting the native communities in the Mediterranean Sea. Recent researches show that the native edible fish Diplodus sargus actively feeds on this alga and cellular and physiological alterations have been related to the novel alimentary habits. The complex effects of such a trophic exposure to the invasive pest are still poorly understood. Here we report on the metabolic profiles of plasma from D. sargus individuals exposed to C. cylindracea along the southern Italian coast, using ¹H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis, PCA, Orthogonal Partial Least Square, PLS, and Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis, OPLS-DA). Fish were sampled in two seasonal periods from three different locations, each characterized by a different degree of algal abundance. The levels of the algal bisindole alkaloid caulerpin, which is accumulated in the fish tissues, was used as an indicator of the trophic exposure to the seaweed and related to the plasma metabolic profiles. The profiles appeared clearly influenced by the sampling period beside the content of caulerpin, while the analyses also supported a moderate alteration of lipid and choline metabolism related to the Caulerpa-based diet.