赤藓糖醇在无糖糖果中的应用

人们饮食中摄入过多的碳水化合物和脂肪，常常会导致某些疾患，如龋齿、糖尿病、风湿性疾病和心血管疾病等。随着科学知识的普及，人们对保健和营养日益重视起来，饮食对于人体健康的重要性备受关注，市场上也相应出现了低脂、低糖或无脂、无糖的低热量功能食品。在糖果生产中，近年来已开发出无糖糖果。它主要是采用低热量的甜味剂代替传统糖果制造中所使用的蔗糖、葡萄糖等，能够使产品的热量降低，因此颇受消费者的喜爱。     

靓茶搭配吃出健康

近年来，随着消费者对健康食品的推崇，低糖低油食品越来越受欢迎。为了满足消费者的需要，无糖月饼也粉墨登场，吸引了消费者的眼球。虽然无糖月饼的馅料中不含蔗糖，但是糖尿病患者还是不能敞开吃。通常情况下，合格的无糖月饼是靠甜味剂来调和味道的，但这并不是说无糖月饼就不含糖，因为做月饼的面粉本身就能转化成糖，一样会使血糖升高；而且月饼一般含油脂较多、热量高，而控制糖尿病的主要原则之一就是控制热量，所以说无糖月饼对于糖尿病患者来说也只可浅尝一下。     

走中国特色的主食工业化之路——访农业部农产品加工局宗锦耀局长

众所周知,主食是供应人们一日三餐消费、满足人体基本能量和营养摄入需求的主要食品,是保证国民身体健康的基本食物。近年来,我国主食加工业发展较快,对满足城乡居民日益增长消费需求、带动农民就业增收、保障食物质量安全发挥着重要作用,并在促进农产品加工业持续健康发展,实现农业强起来、农村美起来、农民富起来等方面显现出越来越突出的效果。为此,本刊记者就如何发展我国主食工业化等相关问题,采访了农业部农产品加工局宗锦耀局长。     

浅谈霍山县茶叶生产质量安全可追溯体系建设思路

随着人们生活水平不断提高,茶叶消费需求已向优质、安全方向转变,为了探索出良好内在品质的茶叶生产、加工等环节中重安全、高品质、保环境、促民生的产业发展思路,笔者根据霍山县茶园管理现状,提出霍山县茶叶生产质量安全可追溯体系建设思路,供广大茶商茶农参考。     

稻田综合种养结合模式及生态效应

常规稻作生产以大量化肥、农药投入为主要手段,虽然确保了水稻稳产高产,满足了人们的温饱需求,但给稻田生态安全、环境健康和农产品食用品质带来一定的污染,从而影响了农业可持续发展。近年来,为了改善农业生态环境、实施绿色发展,减轻常规稻作对环境的影响,确保稻米食用安全,特别是随着经济持续增长和社会生活水平的不断提高,人们越来越重视安全性高、无污染的农产品生产和消费,我国适时提出和实施减肥减药和绿色优质农产品供给的重大举措,深受全社会的肯定。稻田种养作为一项可持续发展的生态循环农业模式,具有明显的减肥减药、稳产增效、资源节约、环境友好的综合效应,是实现农业绿色发展、乡村振兴和精准扶贫的重要途径,也是促进农业现代化的重要措施。笔者概述了稻田种养的生态原理和生态功能,指出了目前我国稻田种养发展过程中存在的实际问题和解决路径,以期为我国稻田综合种养的健康发展和现代化农业进程的加速发展提供参考。     

浅析茶叶清洁化生产技术

<正>茶叶是世界三大天然饮料中最具生命力、最受消费者欢迎的饮料。随着人们生活水平不断提高,健康意识逐步增强,对茶叶质量的要求不仅限于色、香、味的界定,而是对茶叶的安全、质量更加关注,崇尚无污染、无公害的天然食品的需求也日益增强。如何能保证并提高茶叶卫生安全质量水平,采取清洁化生产加工技术便显得尤为重要。     

绿色无公害大棚西红柿种植与管理技术探究

绿色无公害大棚西红柿在种植和生产过程中,对国家所规定的相关绿色安全生产标准严格遵守,确保在使用之后不会发生人体重金属和有害物质超标的问题。最近几年,随着社会经济的不断发展,人们生活水平也有了显著的改善,为此人们开始重视对绿色健康无污染的食物进行选择。绿色无公害大棚西红柿满足人们需求,所以在农业市场中具有较大的销售潜力。本文探究和分析了绿色无公害大棚西红柿种植技术以及相应的管理技术。     

常用甜味剂的种类及其应用

甜味剂是饮料生产中的基本原料,可分为天然甜味剂和人工合成的甜味剂。作为天然甜味剂的蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、果葡糖浆等具有较高的营养价值,属于饮料的原料,不作为食品添加剂来限制使用。人工合成的甜味剂具有较高的甜度,但不产生热量。     

无公害茶叶生产加工技术探讨

随着经济的发展,人们生活水平的逐渐提高,人们的保健意识也在不断地增强,无公害茶叶生产加工技术的提高不仅仅对人们的健康饮茶有着重要的保障,对我市的经济发展、茶叶产品在国际市场上竞争能力提升也有着重大的促进作用。     

室内环境空气污染检测及防治措施

随着人们生活水平不断提高,家庭装饰、装修日渐频繁,但装修后室内环境空气污染给人们健康带来的危害确实令人们感到困扰和担忧。如何进行有效防治?本文对室内装饰、装修污染物的来源及对人体健康的危害进行了详细论述,并提出了相应的室内空气污染防治措施。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Some physiological and photosynthetic characters of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids

Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO₂ compensation pointdistinguishing C₃ and C₄ plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO₂ compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C₃ rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T CO₂ compensation point - T21 CO₂ compensation point at 21% O₂ - T2 CO₂ compensation point at 2% O₂ - dR/sR deep Root-to-shoot Ratio - LAR Leaf Area Ratio - CER photosynthetic rate - TR/SR Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio