基于超星学习通的PBL教学模式应用于“食品微生物学”课程教学的初探

"食品微生物学"是食品科学与工程专业的一门重要必修课程,对学生打牢专业基础、培养创新实践能力起着重要的作用。在超星学习通网络教学平台已广泛普及的大背景下,按照问题情境创设-提出问题-解决问题-教师点评的思路初步探索PBL教学法在食品专业"食品微生物学"课程中实施的具体方法。实践表明,PBL教学法的引入可以有效提升学生的思维能力和解决问题的能力。     

“食品微生物学”课程教学体会

"食品微生物学"不仅探讨与食品有关的微生物特性,还与生活及医学知识的积累有关。根据多年的科研与教学知识及经验的积累,运用比喻及对诸多知识点进行生活与最新研究成果的补充等,让学生对"食品微生物学"有一定的兴趣,从而加深印象、打牢基础。     

以培养科研能力为导向的“食品微生物学”实验教学探索

以培养学生科研能力为目标,对"食品微生物学"实验教学改革进行探索。在实验教学中,重视操作训练和考核,夯实学生的微生物基本实验操作技术;同时,设计综合实验和开展技能训练,开发学生的发散性思维;并成立了兴趣小组,进一步增强学生的创新能力和发散性思维能力。通过建立以上逐步递进分层次的微生物实验教学模式,可以使学生具有良好微生物实验基础、严谨科研思维和创新能力。     

翻转课堂模式在“食品微生物学”教学中应用的探索

传统教学模式在"食品微生物学"授课中存在一定的局限性,而翻转课堂作为一种新兴的教学模式备受关注。通过对"食品微生物学"目前的教学现状进行综述,并重点论述翻转课堂模式在"食品微生物学"教学中的优势,旨在探究翻转课堂教学模式在更好地培养食品微生物学方面人才的可行性,同时也可为翻转课堂在其他课程中的应用提供借鉴。     

基于创新实践能力培养的“食品分析与检验”实验教学改革与探索

对学院食品专业实验课教学过程中存在的问题进行了剖析,并以"食品分析与检验"为例列举了实验课程中所采取的改革措施和方案。实践证明,此项改革有助于激发学生学习的主动性和探索性,能有效培养和锻炼学生的科研能力与创新意识,对于创新人才的培养具有重要意义。     

雨课堂在地方高校“食品微生物学”教学中的应用

在快速发展的信息化技术背景下,传统的课堂教学手段已不能满足教学的要求。针对目前"食品微生物学"教学过程存在的问题,将雨课堂工具应用到"食品微生物学"教学过程中。通过课前、课中和课后的新型教学模式,实现师生之间良好的互动交流,教师及时掌握学生的学习情况,同时提高学生参与课堂的积极性和主动性,利于课堂教学效果的提升和学生综合素质的培养。     

信息化技术的教学方式初探——以“食品微生物学”为例

"食品微生物学"是一门食品专业学生所必修专业基础课。为改进"食品微生物学"教学模式,获得高质量的教学品质,从课程特点、教学内容、教学模式现状分析该课程有待改进的方面,教学上有机结合现代化信息技术,探究如何进一步深化"食品微生物学"教学方式信息化,将信息技术与教育理念双融合,以期形成较好的教育方式。     

“食品微生物学”实验教学方法探讨

"食品微生物学"是食品生物技术专业的必修专业基础课程之一,也是一门实践性、技术性、操作性很强的课程。为进一步加强学生的动手能力,培养学生独立操作及实验观察能力,对"食品微生物学"实验教学方法从培养实验学习兴趣、重视基本技能训练、开展团队合作、启发式指导、增强学生思维和总结能力、规范实验报告的书写、改革实验考试考核方法等几个方面进行了初步的探讨。     

参与性教学在“食品微生物学”实验教学中的应用

从参与意识、设计实验环节、创造实验条件及采用激励方式等方面探讨参与性教学在"食品微生物学"实验教学中的应用,充分发挥学生的主观能动性,积极主动地参与实验活动,提高学生的实践操作能力,培养学生的创新意识,以取得良好的实验教学效果。     

应用型地方高校食品专业本科生创新创业能力培养

作为应用型地方本科高校的改革试点,为了培养食品专业本科生的创新创业能力,许昌学院食品与药学院对食品专业培养方案、课程教学内容、教学方法、教学评价等进行了一系列的改革。采取的措施包括在培养方案中增加实验、实践内容;在列入教学计划的实验内容中增加综合性、设计性实验;增加校内外实习实训;针对学有余力的学生开设创新与实践课程,开设研究型实验;积极建设创新创业平台,提供创新创业培训,开展课外科研实践创新活动等。通过改革探索,建立了一条适合地方普通本科高校食品专业学生培养的道路,是"许昌模式"的重要组成部分。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.