灵芝孢子油及添加维生素E灵芝孢子油对NRK-52E细胞氧化损伤的作用比较

灵芝孢子油是从灵芝孢子粉中提取的油状脂质物,其中的不饱和脂肪酸和三萜类灵芝酸是其主要活性成分。是由于其中的不饱和脂肪酸易氧化挥发,研究人员通过添加维生素E以求解决难题,但目前对添加维生素E的灵芝孢子油抗氧化应激活性的系统研究未见报道。因此选用灵芝孢子油(GLSO)及添加5%维生素E的灵芝孢子油(GLSO+VE) 2种样品,作用于H₂O₂处理的大鼠肾小管上皮NRK-52E细胞,以评价、比较对氧化应激损伤的保护作用。结果表明,GLSO和GLSO+VE均能显著性增加NRK-52E细胞存活率,提高抗氧化酶的活性,降低氧化产物水平。比较可知添加维生素E可显著降低灵芝孢子油的细胞毒作用,并在一定程度上增加其抗氧化活性。此次试验初步证实了灵芝孢子油中添加维生素E对抗细胞氧化损伤的增强作用,为添加维生素E以增加灵芝孢子油稳定性的研究提供更多理论依据和支撑数据。     

灵芝孢子油提取研究及灵芝孢子破壁技术的研究

通过灵芝孢子破壁技术的研究,选择适合灵芝孢子油提取的前处理方法。分别采用萌发、超微粉碎、酶解进行灵芝孢子的破壁,效果不理想;将3种方法综合进行灵芝孢子破壁,取得较好效果,破壁率达到85．38％。因此,采用综合破壁法作为灵芝孢子油提取的前处理手段较合适。     

灵芝孢子油的提取工艺研究

以鲜活灵芝孢子粉为实验材料,采用膨化设备、超微粉碎设备对灵芝孢子粉原料进行脆化干燥、破壁预处理,结合超临界二氧化碳萃取技术,以灵芝孢子油的萃取率为指标,通过投料量、萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间的单因素试验,考察灵芝孢子油提取的最优工艺。研究发现灵芝孢子油超临界二氧化碳萃取的最佳萃取工艺条件为压力15MPa,温度38℃,投料量300g,萃取时间3．0h,CO2流量为25L／h,灵芝孢子油的萃取率为4．42％。     

大豆分离蛋白-灵芝孢子油乳状液体系构建及其稳定性研究

灵芝孢子油中含有很多功效成分,在自然条件下容易被氧化而造成营养损失.本文以大豆分离蛋白为乳化剂、灵芝孢子油为内部油相,构建了大豆分离蛋白-灵芝孢子油包埋体系,研究了大豆分离蛋白和灵芝孢子油浓度对乳状液稳定性的影响,从而构建最佳的乳状液体系,并对乳状液在储存过程中的稳定性进行测定.结果 表明,采用动态光散射法测得制备的灵...     

硬孔灵芝和赤芝孢子油的脂肪酸、角鲨烯及麦角甾醇类的比较

采用超临界CO_2流体萃取技术分别从硬孔灵芝(Ganoderma duropora)和赤芝(G.lucidum)孢子粉中萃取分离孢子油,采用气相色谱(GC)法测定孢子油(萃取条件相同)的脂肪酸成分和角鲨烯含量,用气相色谱-质谱联用选择性离子检测(GC-MS/SIM)模式测定麦角甾醇类成分和总含量。结果表明:两种孢子油中脂肪酸成分组成相似,在不同分离条件(分离I和II)下获得的样品(分别标记分离I和II得到的硬孔灵芝样品为A和B,赤芝样品为C和D)均由油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸和棕榈酸组成,4种脂肪酸在硬孔灵芝中占检出成分的95.1%～96.3%(质量分数),在赤芝中占97.0%～97.9%(质量分数),其中硬孔灵芝A和B中两种不饱和脂肪酸(油酸和亚油酸)的相对含量分别合计为71.2%和73.1%,略低于赤芝(C和D分别合计为76.8%和77.7%);两种孢子油中均检测出开链三萜——角鲨烯,其在硬孔灵芝孢子油A和B中含量分别为0.40mg/g和0.44mg/g,在赤芝孢子油C和D中分别为0.41mg/g和0.43mg/g;两种孢子油中也均检测出至少4种麦角甾醇类成分,组成相似,其中硬孔灵芝孢子油A和B中含量分别合计为1.9mg/g和2.9mg/g,与赤芝孢子油(C和D中分别为2.4mg/g和2.7mg/g)中相近。     

灵芝孢子油乱象频发，市场亟待规范

正"前段时间中科灵芝孢子油爆发的问题伤害了行业发展,对灵芝品类的产品在老百姓心目中产生了不好印象。"近日,在广州举行的健康中国金鹊年会论坛上,国内一家生产灵芝孢子油的龙头企业人士对记者表示。12月初,一家名为中科健康产业集团深圳分公司的企业,在深圳大办"灵芝孢子油抗癌神效"的"科普讲座",并向现场的中老年听众推销号称能抑制肿瘤的"神药"灵芝孢子油产品。此后,深圳市市场监管局突击检查了该公司及当地的7家销售门店,现场发现其产品存在涉嫌虚假宣传的行为,监管部门当即     

灵芝孢子粉中孢子油提取及生物活性的研究

采用超临界CO2萃取法提取灵芝孢子油,通过正交试验确定最佳萃取条件是：萃取压力、温度、时间分别为25MPa、45℃、60min,CO2流量25L／h,在此条件下出油率可达3.96％。灵芝孢子油具有清除NaNO2和DPPH（1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl）自由基的作用,并且其清除作用随孢子油用量的增加而增加。     

灵芝孢子油对人恶性乳腺癌细胞MT-1半胱天冬酶-3及细胞凋亡的影响

探讨灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)孢子油对人恶性乳腺癌细胞MT-1凋亡的影响,结果表明:灵芝孢子油对MT-1细胞有明显的抑制作用,且呈浓度依赖,并能增加caspase-3酶的活性。     

灵芝孢子油检测标准与其抗肿瘤活性的关系

利用多种分析检测手段和肿瘤细胞实验,研究了灵芝孢子油的质量检测参数与其抗肿瘤细胞活性的关系,为灵芝孢子油质量检测标准的建立提供实验参考依据。取6种不同的经CO2超临界提取的灵芝孢子油样品,用KOH标准滴定法测酸价、KI-I2法检测过氧化值、紫外-可见光分光光度法测总三萜。同时利用肿瘤细胞检测6种样品对人恶性乳腺癌细胞（MT-1）和淋巴瘤细胞（Jurka）t的抑制作用。结果表明,样品的酸价与总三萜含量和其抗肿瘤效果呈正相关,6种样品的过氧化值变化不大。高酸价样品1,其总三萜含量（16.00%）较高,在1μL·mL-1浓度抑制时,能够抑制绝大部分肿瘤细胞的生长,具有较高的抗肿瘤活性。     

灵芝孢子粉加工工艺研究进展

基于灵芝孢子粉的有效成分和药理作用,系统性综述其生产工艺技术,包括灵芝孢子粉的破壁技术、深加工技术、孢子类产品的制备。以化学法、生物法、物理法、机械法和综合破壁技术等为重点,阐述了破壁原理、应用及最新研究进展。深加工技术包括使用水、醇、酶提取灵芝孢子和灵芝孢子油,分析了灵芝孢子类产品的现状,有助于促进灵芝产业发展和深化研究。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Influence of Sini decoction on the proliferation and apoptosis of artery smooth muscle cells after balloon injury

AIM: To investigate the influence of Sini decoction (SND) on the proliferation and apoptosis of rabbit abdominal aorta smooth muscle cells after ballon injury and discuss the effect of vascular smooth muscle cell's (VSMCs) proliferation and apoptosis in post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) restenosis (RS) and the feasibility of SND preventing post-PCI RS. METHODS: The animal model of rabbit abdominal aorta ballon injury was set up and the therapertic group was treated with SND. The shape of proliferative and apoptotic cell were investigated by electron microscope. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed using α-actin,PCNA and Cyclin E monoclonal antibodies. In situ Cell Death Detection Kit was used to identify apoptotic cells. Abdomial aorta angiography was operated in the 84th day subgroup and the stenosis degree was evalued by quantitative angiographic analysis. RESULTS: As compared with the control group, the therapeutic group displayed a lower proliferative percentage and a higher apoptosic percentage (P<0.05). Moreover, the apoptosic peek time was on the 14th day after operation,which was longer than the control group. CONCLUSION: SND effectly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs and iuduced apoptosis in VSMCs.