基于SPOC高职“食品生物化学”混合式教学的实践

分析了高职“食品生物化学”课程的教学现状,构建了基于SPOC的线上线下混合式教学模式。在这种教学模式中,充分发挥信息技术的优势实现线上线下教学内容的有机融合;注意多种教学方法灵活应用,实现良好的教学互动氛围;建设高质量的在线课程,激发学生的求知欲;强化学习反馈,促进学习效果与能力稳步提升。线上线下混合式教学的实践,解决了学时少和部分学生学习兴趣不浓的问题,有效促进高职学生的自主学习,提高了教学质量。     

“食品添加剂”课程教学模式改革研究

在当今“慕课”和“金课”日益盛行的教学模式下,针对“食品添加剂”课程传统教学“以教师讲授为主”、教学模式陈旧、学生被动接受知识、课程考核方式单一、学习成效不显著等缺点,从教学方式、考核方式进行初步改革探讨,使课前预习和课堂听课有机融合,推进翻转课堂,逐步向“金课”建设过渡,提升学生自主学习能力,促进教学质量提高。     

食品工程类专业成人教育学生实践课程混合式教学探索

为了提高食品工程类专业成人教育学生实践课程的教学针对性、时效性、提升教学质量,在分析课程教学现状的基础上,提出了基于互联网条件下混合式教学的优势,同时分析了实验课程建设和实验项目实施等方面存在的问题,结合空间、时间、方法、教师、学生多维度混合式教学理念,提出了基于虚拟网络与实验室混合环境建设,构建软硬一体平台的混合式、个性化教学模式,探索了食品工程类成人教育学生实践课程教学的新方法。     

应用型本科院校“食品添加剂”课程教学改革探讨

"食品添加剂"课程是食品科学与工程专业开设的最重要专业课之一,具有极强的应用性和实践性,因此学好该课程对学生就业具有重要的现实意义。为了提高"食品添加剂"课程的整体教学质量,分析了"食品添加剂"课程在传统教学中存在的一些实际问题,并根据存在的问题从教学内容、教学方法、教学实践和考核方式4个方面进行全面具体的改革。实践证明,良好的教学改革不仅能够调动学生主动学习的积极性,提高学习效率,并培养出专业学生分析问题和解决问题的实际能力,还能够提高食品添加剂学科的教学质量,提升教师的整体教学水平。     

基于慕课的混合教学模式在“农产品加工学”课程教学中的应用

"农产品加工学"是高校食品专业的重要课程,在培养学生的专业性上有着十分重要的作用。基于慕课的混合式教学是结合传统课堂教学和"慕课"模式的各自优点,提高学生的学习兴趣和积极性。同时,新的混合教学模式对提升学生的知识获取能力、问题分析和理解能力、实际设计能力等都具有显著效果。     

基于OBE理念的“食品分析”课程教学模式探索

为提高学生工程实践能力,以“食品分析”课程群为例,将OBE理念融入课程教学模式改革中。以学生为中心,以成果为导向,设计课程教学体系,建立新的教学大纲,明确考核评价方法和改进体系,构建基于OBE理念的面向工程认证的食品分析类课程教学模式。探索以学生为主体、以成果为导向的“食品分析”课程教学模式,培养高级工程技术人才。     

“食品分析”实验课教学模式的改革探索

“食品分析”课程是一门技能性、实践性、科学性很强的专业基础课,传统的教学模式已经不能适应时代发展的需要。因此,教学团队对该课程的实验课进行了教学模式的改革与实践探索。经过2年的实践证明,“食品分析”课程改革有效促进了学生的学习兴趣和积极性,评定学生的学习成绩更加合理,获得了较好的教学效果,进一步提高了学生的培养质量。     

线上线下混合式教学方法在“食品营养学”教学中的应用

线上线下混合式教学是一种顺应时代发展的新的教学方法,能使学生的主体地位得到全面激活。分析了线上线下混合式教学模式的应用优势,并对该教学模式在"食品营养学"课程教学中应用的实施方案和过程进行了探索,为"食品营养学"课程建设提供了一定的理论基础。     

基于超星学习通的信息化教学改革——以“食品添加剂”课程为例

“互联网+教育”的提出推动着教育领域的大变革,智能手机等移动客户端的日益普及,为移动教学模式的应用提供了便捷工具。线上课堂与线下课堂深度融合,打破了时间和空间的限制,满足学生个性化学习的需求。以超星学习通APP为例,结合“食品添加剂”课程特点,对课程进行移动教学改革,以发挥超星学习通对移动教学的支持功能,满足学生多样化的学习需求,为移动教学模式在高校课堂的应用提供一个可行性案例。     

新工科背景下混合式教学在“食品化学”课程教学中探索

为了更好地适应新工科建设人才培养的要求,充分发挥线上学习和线下教学的特点,以"食品化学"课程教学为例,将两者进行有机融合探索线上线下混合式教学模式。结果表明,"食品化学"采用混合式教学模式,丰富了学生的学习资源,调动了学生的学习积极性,提高了学生的学习效率,为培养创新型、应用型人才提供一条参考的课程教学模式。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.