加强科技创新和推广 成立奶业创新联盟 服务现代奶牛养殖业——落实《农业部科技促进年》暨《现代奶牛场发展战略》论坛在京举办

一年之计在于春。在温暖的阳春三月里,由农业部奶业管理办公室和国家奶牛产业技术体系共同主办,国家奶牛产业技术体系北京三元综合试验站、北京延庆综合试验站、天津北辰综合试验站、天津武清综合试验站承办的"落实《农业部科技促进年》暨《现代奶牛场发展战略》论坛"在北京成功举办。     

天津奶业发展现状及建议

奶业是健康中国、强壮民族不可或缺的产业,是农业现代化的标志性产业,关系国计民生。天津奶业总体保持良好态势,养殖规模化程度高,乳制品加工带动能力强,奶业集群效应明显,产业素质稳步提升,但也面临环保、安全、效益等压力。笔者对天津奶业发展现状进行调研,分析了奶业发展的机遇和压力,同时提出深化农业结构调整、构建多元化奶业格局、发挥优质品牌效应、引导奶业数字化转型的都市型现代奶业高质量发展建议。     

天津都市型生猪产业集群建设的SWOT分析和推进路径研究

开展优势特色产业集群建设，是引领农业高质量发展、推动农民持续增收和乡村振兴的重要途径。天津都市型生猪产业集群是2021年农业农村部和财政部批准建设的优势特色产业集群之一。笔者首先概述了天津都市型生猪产业集群建设的基础条件；然后运用SWOT分析法，全面分析天津都市型生猪产业集群存在的优势和劣势、面临的机遇与挑战；最后提出高标准建设天津都市型生猪产业集群的推进路径：深入实施生猪种业振兴行动，加快构建现代化生猪养殖体系，积极推动全产业链融合发展，推进生猪养殖粪污资源化利用，加强生猪疫病防控能力建设。     

以改革创新的精神加快青岛都市型高端特色现代畜牧业发展步伐

<正>畜牧业是保供给、促发展、增收入、惠民生的重要产业。近年来,青岛市立足现代畜牧业的发展阶段和功能定位,牢牢抓住推进都市型高端特色现代畜牧业发展这一主题,以"转、调、创"为主线,坚持走标准化、规模化、产业化、特色化、品牌化、生态化发展路子,都市型高端特色现代畜牧业呈现出全面发展、加快发展的好势头。一、准确把握都市型高端特色现代畜牧业发展定位(一)发展阶段的判断。当前,青岛市畜牧业正处在     

河北省牛业科技创新高层论坛在石家庄召开

今年上半年我国生猪和家禽业都经历了前所未有的低迷,而与此形成鲜明对比的是肉牛和奶牛产业发展平稳,价格一路高企。为进一步认清现阶段牛业发展形势,解决当前养牛业中存在的突出问题,力促河北省奶牛和肉牛产业健康发展,8月19~20日,由河北省畜牧兽医学会养牛学分会,国家现代奶牛产业技术体系(河北)、国家现代肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(河北)和河北省现代奶牛产业技术体系创新团队共同主办的"河北省牛业科技创新高层论坛暨河北省畜牧兽医学会养牛学分会第二次全体会员代表大会"在石家庄召开。省畜牧兽医学会养牛学分会名     

2011年国家奶牛“金钥匙”技术示范现场会在天津召开

2011年8月26—27日,由农业部奶业管理办公室、国家奶牛产业技术体系、天津市畜牧兽医局主办,天津市奶业发展服务中心、国家奶牛产业技术体系北辰综合试验站(天津梦得集团)、国家奶牛技术体系武清综合试验站(天津海林养殖场)承办的2011年第八期奶牛金钥匙技术示范现场会在天津市召开。天津市畜牧兽医局李     

石嘴山市牛奶产业发展调研报告

近年来,石嘴山市奶牛产业呈现持续快速增长趋势,本调研报告充分总结了近年来奶牛产业发展情况,针对石嘴山市现阶段奶牛产业发展存在的问题,提出了发展对策和意见建议,为石嘴山市下一步持续保障奶牛产业健康良性发展提供科学依据。     

国家奶牛产业技术体系“金钥匙培训班”在天津成功举行

[本刊讯]2011年8月25～27日，由国家奶牛产业技术体系、天津市畜牧兽医局、国家奶牛产业技术体系北辰综合试验站（天津梦得集团），国家奶牛产业技术体系武清综合试验站（天津海林养殖场）联合主办的国家奶牛“金钥匙”技术示范现场会在天津维多利亚大酒店召开。     

“互联网+”助推即墨畜牧业提档升级

正按照都市型现代畜牧业发展要求,山东省即墨市畜牧兽医局完成了集办公、畜牧科技服务、畜产品安全监管、畜牧兽医行政执法于一体的"互联网+"综合信息平台建设,助推全市畜牧业提档升级。一、办公与安全监管联通互动即墨市畜牧兽医局辖属的普东动物卫生监督站依托全市的畜产品安全监管信息平台,建立了奶牛养殖管理电子档案,大到奶牛养殖场的坐落位置、养殖规模、养殖者姓名和联系电话,小到每头奶牛的编号、年龄、应     

从天津畜牧业粪污治理中,我们能学到什么?

<正>目前天津市生猪、肉鸡、奶牛和蛋鸡产业规模化养殖比例分别达85%、95%、95%和90%。随着规模化、集约化发展,畜牧业对环境污染也越来越严重,成为畜牧业可持续发展的瓶颈。为加快天津畜牧业粪污治理进程,提高治理成效,笔者采用问卷调查和实地走访,对天津畜牧业粪污治理情况进行深入调研。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in