黑龙江省瓜类白粉病菌IGS-RFLP分析

应用通用引物对采自黑龙江省不同地区的甜瓜、黄瓜、南瓜和西瓜等16份瓜类白粉病菌进行转录基因间隔区（IGS）分析,结果表明不同菌株的IGS区存在长度异质性和数量多态性。应用MspⅠ、AsuⅠ、Hinp1Ⅰ3个限制性内切酶对IGS扩增产物进行酶切（IGS-RFLP）,不同菌株的酶切位点不同,电泳后产生多样性丰富的图谱,成为菌株特有的DNA指纹。利用NTSYS-PC软件对IGS1-RFLP酶切图谱进行数据分析,各菌株之间遗传相似系数的变化幅度为0.460 0～0.800 0,表明白粉病菌间有丰富的遗传多样性,以遗传相似系数0.60为阈值,供试菌株可区分为3个类群。初步确定葫芦科白粉病菌致病性与DNA多态性不形成对应关系,菌株的遗传多样性与菌株地理来源、寄主来源及设施类型亦无明显的直接关系。     

生化和ISSR分子标记在黑木耳品种鉴定中的应用

以生产收集的24个黑木耳栽培菌株为试材,采用拮抗、酯酶同工酶及ISSR分子标记技术对其进行分类鉴定和遗传多样性分析。结果表明:酯酶同工酶酶谱显示24个黑木耳菌株共扩增出11条迁移率不同的酶带,聚类分析表明当遗传系数为0.74时,将24个黑木耳菌株分为两大类;通过ISSR分子标记共扩增出67条清晰的DNA多态片段,大小介于0.2～2.0 kb,聚类分析表明当遗传系数为0.85时,将24个菌株分为两大类,聚类分析结果与拮抗试验结果基本一致。该研究为黑木耳的菌株选择及遗传育种提供了参考依据。     

应用拮抗试验分析灵芝菌株遗传多样性

收集25株赤芝及5个灵芝属的非赤芝菌株作为供试菌株,采用拮抗试验分析灵芝(赤芝)菌种的遗传多样性。结果:25株赤芝全随机300个配对中291个配对产生拮抗反应,占97.00%。其中151对形成拮抗线,占50.33%;98对形成隆起拮抗反应,占32.67%;42对形成沟状反应,占14.00%;有9个配对无拮抗反应,占3.00%。另还发现4株赤芝与其他非赤芝菌株未形成拮抗反应。表明我国灵芝(赤芝)菌株具有丰富的遗传多样性。     

利用简单重复序列分子标记分析我国侧耳栽培菌株的遗传多样性(英文)

采用FIASCO方法,从糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)菌株ACCC 50838分离简单重复序列分子标记(Simple sequence repeat,SSR),所得标记用于分析我国52个侧耳(平菇)栽培菌株多样性,对于SSR标记相同的菌株再进行ISSR PCR分析。结果表明:18个SSR标记在供试菌株中的等位基因的数量为3～12个,多态性指数(PIC)为0.34～0.84;除了2组(ACCC50618,ACCC 50866和ACCC 50915;ACCC 50249和ACCC50476)共5个菌株之外,其他47个菌株都能利用这18个SSR标记进行有效的鉴别。SSR标记相同的的菌株,其ISSR、体细胞不亲合性和出菇性状(温型、菌盖颜色)也相同,这些菌株可能是同物异名。利用这18个SSR标记分析52个菌株的遗传多样性,相似性指数为0.755～0.9995。根据相似性指数进行聚类分析,52个菌株分成两个大的类群,分别为糙皮侧耳(P.ostreatus)和肺形侧耳(P.pulmonarius)。结合这些栽培菌株的农艺性状和SSR分子标记的聚类分析结果,我国平菇栽培菌株的遗传多样性非常丰富。研究表明SSR分子标记技术在平菇遗传多样性和菌株鉴别中具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于拮抗及ITS序列分析的河南香菇主产区种质资源鉴定及遗传多样性分析

应用核糖体基因转录间隔区域（Internal Transcribed Spacer,ITS）序列及拮抗法对河南食用菌主产区香菇栽培菌株进行鉴定,并分析遗传多样性。以收集的41个香菇栽培菌株为样本,两两之间进行拮抗测试分析,提取DNA并进行PCR扩增、回收、测序,采用比对邻接法（neighbor-joinging,NJ）构建系统进化树。结果表明,16个差异菌株拮抗现象明显,其余菌株无拮抗或者拮抗不显著,41个香菇菌株初步分为16个不同菌株及7个不同亚种;ITS序列比对及系统发育分析将41个香菇品种聚为独立进化的4个大类,即3个不同的菌株和8个不同的亚种,种内遗传距离为0.000 0～0.006 5,与Pleurotus ostreatus(KY962509)种间遗传距离为0.374 0。综上所述,“ITS+拮抗法”结合可以明确区分菌株间拮抗、无拮抗及拮抗不明显现象基因序列的相似度、遗传距离的差异及亲缘关系的远近,为香菇品种的鉴定提供理论支撑。     

我国栽培平菇近缘种的多相分类

采用拮抗试验、同工酶酶谱分析和子实体形态观察三种方法,对我国广泛栽培的平菇近缘种定名为紫孢侧耳(Pleurotus sapidus)、糙皮侧耳(P.ostreatus)、佛罗里达侧耳(P.floridanus)、凤尾菇(P.sajor-caju)、肺形侧耳(P.pulmonarius)和黄白侧耳(P.cornucopiae)等6个种18个菌株进行了分类学研究.结果表明,被定名为紫孢侧耳(P.sapidus)的ACCC50151与定名为糙皮侧耳(P.ostreatus)的ACCC50276、定名为凤尾菇(P.sajor-caju)的ACCC50168与定名为肺形侧耳(P.pulmonarius)的ACCC50713菌株之间无拮抗反应,酯酶同工酶谱和过氧化物酶同工酶谱相同,子实体形态相似,确认ACCC50151与ACCC50276为同种-糙皮侧耳(P.ostreatus);ACCC50168与ACCC50713为同种-肺形侧耳(P.pulmonarlus).糙皮侧耳(P.ostreatus)、肺形侧耳(P.pulmonartus)、佛罗里达侧耳(P.florida)、黄白侧耳(P.cornucopiae)之间有明显的拮抗线,酯酶同工酶酶谱和过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱及子实体形态均表现出了各自的特异性.     

采用ISSR和SRAP综合分析灰树花的遗传多样性

通过菌丝拮抗实验观察灰树花(Grifola frondosa)菌株间拮抗反应及其类型和程度,采用简单序列重复区间(inter-simple sequence repeat, ISSR)和序列相关扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism, SRAP)分子标记对灰树花基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,对42株灰树花的遗传多样性进行综合分析。结果表明:拮抗实验将42株灰树花分为17组;筛选出的14条ISSR和11对SRAP引物分别扩增出369条和219条清晰条带,多态性条带平均比率分别为84.01%和81.28%;ISSR和SRAP两种分子标记的综合聚类分析结果较单独分析更准确,当遗传相似系数为0.779时,可将42株灰树花划分为6大类群,表明本研究中选取的42株灰树花菌株的遗传多样性丰富,为杂交育种的亲本选择提供了分子水平的依据。     

中国三省松口蘑遗传多样性分析

采用ITS、mt SSU rDNA的V4和V9区对采自西藏、吉林和云南3个省份30个地区的59个样本进行物种鉴定,并运用IGS1-RFLP和RAPD进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:所有样本均为松口蘑(Tricholoma matsutake),松口蘑ITS序列存在明显的地域性;IGS1-RFLP分析表明,吉林样本属于A型,西藏和云南样本是2种新类型;聚类分析表明,在相似系数为0.702水平时将供试样本分为3大类群;我国松口蘑具有丰富的遗传多样性,并且自然种群遗传多样性地域性明显。     

DNA分子标记在侧耳属真菌研究中的应用

介绍了目前已在侧耳属真菌中广泛使用的DNA分子标记技术(RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、ISSR、ITS、IGS标记)以及这些标记技术在侧耳属真菌系统发育和分类研究、菌种和菌株鉴定、遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析、遗传图谱构建和基因定位等方面的应用,展望了一些新分子标记技术在侧耳属真菌中的应用前景。     

不同金针菇菌株多相分类研究

利用菌丝拮抗反应、酯酶同工酶以及ISSR分子标记对35个金针菇菌株进行多相分类研究,建立了遗传相似性聚类分析图。结果表明:拮抗反应与ISSR分析结果较为一致,而酯酶同工酶与拮抗反应、ISSR分析结果差异较大,ISSR聚类分析结果更为精确。根据ISSR聚类分析,当相似系数为0.86时,可将供试菌株分为7组,其中黄色金针菇的遗传多样性要高于白色金针菇。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.