唐菖蒲镰刀菌干腐病

在多种唐菖蒲球茎病害中,以镰刀菌引起的干腐病危害最为严重。病害初发生时,在球茎鳞片上出现水渍状斑点,渐趋明显,斑点扩展后形成浅褐色到茶褐色大斑,病部稍显凹陷,呈环形皱缩,病情严重时,整个球茎腐烂、皱缩而变干,因而失去种用价值。     

魔芋两大病害的综合防治

正魔芋软腐病和白绢病是魔芋生产上的两大病害,被称为魔芋的"两大克星"。这两大病害病菌传播快,发病率高,轻者致茎叶黄化,严重时致茎杆腐烂、植株倒伏、球茎腐烂,造成严重减产,甚至绝收。在生产中应采取"预防为主,综合防治"的方针及早严加防治,从而减轻危害。一、发病症状及特点1.魔芋软腐病:软腐病是细菌性病害,主要为害叶片、叶柄及球茎。苗期     

藏红花栽培

正近年来,藏红花以其株形矮小、占空间少、花朵(花瓣呈粉红色、花芯夹红丝带)颇有特色、药用价值高等优点备受消费者喜爱。在环太湖地区,以前主要作为药用,如今已有不少居民因观赏需要种植藏红花。花鸟集市上主要出售藏红花的球茎或生长的植株,价格便宜,种植群体不断扩大。产地及特点藏红花原产于地中海和波斯湾地区,早年从印度传入我国西藏,花芯呈     

山茶病虫害防治

正山茶是我国传统观赏花卉,全国各地都有栽培,为广大花木种植户带来了巨大的经济效益。山茶也是病虫害种群众多、危害严重的花木,笔者在浙江地区观察到30余种。病害腐烂病山茶腐烂病是一种毁灭性病害。受害苗木2~3年内将枯死,是目前种植山茶危害性最大的病害之一。该病在不同茶花种类有高度的选择性,同一地块的‘红露珍’可能因病全军覆     

莲藕真菌性病害的症状识别与防治

<正>莲藕是一种重要的水生蔬菜,随着产业结构的调整,一部分低洼稻田被用来种植莲藕,取得了显著的经济效益。因生长于水生环境,生育期较长,抗逆性较弱。尤其是在连作的情况下,容易遭致多种真菌性病害的危害。现将常见的几种莲藕病害及防治方法介绍如下:腐败病。又称枯萎病、腐烂病,是种植区发生最普遍、危害最严重的病害之一。该病主要危害地下茎和根部,并造成地下部枯萎。莲藕发病早期无明显症状,后期病茎、莲鞭     

如何识别与防治甘蓝黑腐病?

<正>甘蓝黑腐病又称黑霉病,是甘蓝的一种主要病害。该病主要危害叶片、叶球或球茎。该病一旦发生,感染面积较大,危害极大。     

核桃腐烂病该如何防治?

正这几年,核桃种植效益较好,山东省泰安、济南等地山区和丘岭地区多有种植,并且栽培面积呈上升趋势。随着种植面积的增加,病害发生也呈上升趋势。最近,章丘市曹范镇黑峪村书记赵淑义反映,他们村有土地1800亩,其中有1600亩地种植核桃,核桃种植在该村成为名副其实的支柱产业。但核桃腐烂病一直是防治的难点,长期困扰着当地的果农。据了解,核桃腐烂病几乎每年都有发生,但是不知为什么,今年腐烂病尤其严重。核桃腐烂病又名黑水病,是一种真     

巧治仙客来软腐病

仙客来软腐病为发生较为普遍且具毁灭性的病害。多发生在夏季高温多湿期,春季温室养护也时有发生。其症状为:地上部急剧萎蔫枯死,球茎软化腐烂,芽及叶柄基部也同时腐烂。腐烂部位放出     

玉米细菌性茎腐病的发生与防治

正近年来由于种植结构的调整和气候变化,玉米细菌性茎腐病已由常年的偶发性病害,上升为玉米生产的重要病害,并且有逐年加重的趋势。该病一旦发生即发展迅速,危害重,发生后轻者减产10%~30%,重者达50%以上。玉米茎腐病又称茎基腐病,成株期茎基部腐烂是该病的主要特征,现将其发生症状与防治方法介绍如下。病害症状。该病是细菌引起的一种病害,其发生症状类型较多,田间常见的是软腐型和晚枯型两种,软腐型早于     

球茎茴香主要病虫害防治技术

<正>球茎茴香,特别是设施栽培的,由于连作,病害发生较重,易发生的病害主要有苗期的猝倒病、菌核病、根腐病、灰霉病、白粉病等。主要虫害有蚜虫、茴香凤蝶等。1.猝倒病主要危害幼苗嫩茎和根茎部,发病初期病部     

油棕茎基腐病研究进展

由灵芝菌引起的茎基腐病是油棕生产上的最主要病害之一,在亚洲、非洲、中南美洲和大洋洲等地均有报道,给东南亚的油棕产业带来了巨大损失。综述了油棕茎基腐病的分布与危害、病害症状学、病原物与传播途径、防控技术等方面的研究进展。     

藏红花开发与利用的研究进展

藏红花作为一种药用价值丰富的中药材,因其药理活性而深受人们关注。综述了藏红花在临床、医药、食品及工业上应用的研究进展,为藏红花的进一步研究及合理开发利用提供了参考。     

外源多胺对铝胁迫下番红花的生理响应

考察了铝胁迫下番红花根系的生长生理变化及多胺对番红花铝胁迫的改善作用。在铝胁迫下,番红花根伸长受抑,活力下降,添加多胺可有效减轻铝对番红花根系的伤害,1mM 腐胺效果最好,可使根伸长恢复至对照组的85%。     

花生白绢病互作研究进展

为了更好的防治花生白绢病以及加速抗病育种进程,须加强花生与白绢病互作过程研究。本文首先从花生白绢病致病机理入手,详细阐述了花生白绢病菌遗传多样性、致病性及毒力因子等;其次对目前花生白绢病的防治情况,包括病状表现、生防菌的筛选等做出分析;接下来归纳总结了包括接种方法、已发掘的抗性资源等在内的花生白绢病抗病育种研究;最后作出展望,建议从摸清白绢病菌底细、建立病害防治专家系统等五方面入手,从整体上提高我国花生对白绢病的抵御能力。希望为花生白绢病研究者提供有价值的参考。     

Breeding and genetics of Fusarium basal rot resistance in onion

Fusarium basal plate rot (FBR), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, is an important soil-borne disease of onions worldwide. The causal organism infects the basal stem plate of the bulb and eventually kills the entire plant through degradation of the basal plate. F. o. f. sp.cepae infections in dormant bulbs during storage allow secondary infections to occur. The primary method of infection by F. o. f. sp. cepaeis through direct penetration of the basal stem plate. Infection can also occur through wounded tissue particularly roots and basal portions of bulb scales. The most cost-effective methods of control are crop rotation and host plant resistance. Current research suggests that a single gene, two genes, or multiple genes govern resistance to FBR. Breeding programs have successfully used screening procedures to develop intermediate- and long-day, FBR-resistant cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

低浓度呕吐毒素作为激发子对马铃薯抗干腐病的诱导及其作用机制

Dry rot disease is a fungal disease caused by Fusarium sp. infection in the process of potato cellar storage, which seriously affects the commercial value. Vomitoxin (DON), also known as deoxynivalenol, is a secondary metabolite produced by fusarium sp. in the process of infecting potato lump. Biological control is an effective method of disease control. Using biological factors as elicitors to induce plant system produce disease resistance has become a hot research topic. In this study, in order to provide theoretical basis for biological control of dry rot disease, potato tubers were treated with low concentration of DON as elicitor to determine its role in the resistance to dry rot disease and the mechanism of inducing systemic acquired resistance (SAR) of potato. DON treatment had a certain effect on the development of dry rot disease, and affected by the concentration. The treatment of potato tubers with 5 ng mL^-1 DON for four hours could effectively reduce the diameter expansion of dry rot disease lesions induced by Fusarium sambucinum. Low concentration of DON increased the activities of SOD, POD, chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase in tuber tissue, and decreased the accumulation of MDA. DON treatment increased the activities of PAL and 4CL, the key enzymes of phenylpropane metabolism, and promoted the accumulation of total phenols, flavonoids, lignin and anthocyanins. Meanwhile, the content of endogenous signal molecules SA, JA, and ET in potato tubers could be increased by using DON as elicitor, and the expression of NPR1 (regulatory gene of plant systemic resistance) was increased.     

贮藏期西红花球茎腐烂病发生与防治技术初报

西红花球茎从5月初收获至7月底上架这段贮藏期间很容易发生腐烂,它主要由镰刀菌引起的。其中在6月中下旬出现一个明显的发病高峰,8月起基本停止发病。经过多年试验研究,笔者认为可通过轮作换茬、增施有机肥、控制贮藏期间湿度及采用低毒、低残留杀菌剂在球茎贮藏之前进行浸球处理,能明显抑制或减轻腐烂病的发生。     

杧果蒂腐病菌潜伏侵染研究

对广西大学杧果园的两个杧果品种果树及果实不同时期带菌情况的调查结果表明,开花期之前一个月就有蒂腐病菌潜伏在春梢上。从各时期组织中至少分离到10种引起杧果果实腐烂的真菌,其中Dothiorella dominicana Pet.et Cif.、 Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.、Diplodina sp.为主要病原菌,Pestalotiopsis mangiferae (P.Henn.) Sutton.、Phomopsis mangiferae Ahmad 为次要病原菌,其它真菌只在一定情况下引起蒂腐病症状。D. dominicana.、B. theobromae和 P. mangiferae于开花期之前一个月潜伏侵染枝条,Diplodina sp.从幼果期侵入并潜伏至贮藏期发病,P. mangiferae从青熟果期开始潜伏侵染。     

不同前茬和种衣剂用量对花生病虫害及产量的影响

为探明不同前作茬口和种衣剂用量对花生土传病虫害及产量的影响,采用裂区试验设计,主区为前作茬口,设置2个处理,分别为大蒜茬（P1）和小麦茬（P2）,副区为种衣剂用量,设每公斤种子用种衣剂6mL（S6）、3mL（S3）和0mL（S0）3个拌种水平,于2019-2020年调查花生茎腐病、白绢病、金针虫和蛴螬的发生情况,分析不同处理对花生产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,2年中种衣剂用量相同时,与P2处理相比,P1处理花生茎腐病和白绢病的病情指数下降了37.91%和30.00%,金针虫和蛴螬的荚果受害指数分别下降了41.96%和22.84%,花生的百果重和荚果产量均显著提高;2年中前作茬口相同时,随着种衣剂用量的增加,对花生茎腐病和白绢病的防控效果提高了13.90%~84.03%,对金针虫和蛴螬的防控效果提高了11.61%~75.30%。P1S3处理组合的荚果产量最高,为5855.29kg/hm²,其次是P1S6和P2S6处理,分别为5773.92和5556.17kg/hm²。     

Partial resistance to a Fusarium root disease in Egyptian white lupin landraces

A Fusarium sp. root pathogen of lupin is the causal agent of the most important disease that affects the cultivation of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) in Egypt. The aim of our research was to investigate whether host resistance to Fusariumroot disease was available in Egyptian landraces ofLupinus albus. Five Fusarium isolates collected from white lupin samples in Egypt were tested with an Egyptian landrace and a French cultivar. The most aggressive isolate was used to screen an additional 15 Egyptian landraces, two cultivars released in Egypt after selection among landraces, one Polish cultivar, and two French cultivars. The assessment of host response to Fusarium was performed in a field, and under controlled conditions in a greenhouse pot experiment. Most landraces and the two Egyptian cultivars showed better resistance with good accordance between field and pot experiment. This experiment showed that Egyptian genetic resources of white lupin possess partial resistance to Fusarium root rot. Egyptian germplasm may be an alternative genetic source for incorporating partial resistance to Fusarium root rot into the breeding pools. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.