鸡毒支原体与新支二联活疫苗免疫效果相关性试验

观察雏鸡在免疫新支二联活疫苗后,间隔较短时间(5d),再对其进行鸡毒支原体活疫苗的免疫后,观察鸡群出现的临床症状。将50羽雏鸡随机分成5组,2组用不同途径免疫福州大北农生物技术有限公司生产的新支二联活苗(商品名:芯之圣),2组免疫另一厂家生产的新支二联活苗,1组不免疫作为对照。5d后免疫组40羽鸡均免疫福州大北农生物技术有限公司生产的鸡毒支原体活疫苗(商品名:领风),观察各组临床反应。试验表明,福州大北农生物技术有限公司生产的芯之圣和领风在临床使用中安全性好。     

禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗与重组禽流感灭活疫苗组合免疫效果观察

为进一步了解、掌握禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗及与重组禽流感灭活疫苗组合使用的免疫效果,本研究以麻花鸡作为试验对象,制定了4种不同的免疫程序,分别对4组试验鸡群进行免疫,通过测定各组鸡只产生的免疫抗体效价和免疫抗体合格率,以评价二联活疫苗及与禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫效果。试验结果表明:禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗单独用于肉鸡禽流感H5免疫预防抗体效价低于4 log2;建议禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗可以与重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗组合使用,两种疫苗免疫时间间隔2周左右,以免抑制机体产生对新城疫的免疫应答。     

猪支原体肺炎活疫苗经肌肉注射的免疫效果评价

猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)是一种以肺内注射途径免疫的弱毒活疫苗。为了拓展猪支原体肺炎活疫苗的免疫途径,评估猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)配合佐剂以肌肉注射方式免疫猪群后的攻毒保护效果,选取20头7日龄猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp)阴性仔猪,将其随机平均分成4组,分别为健康对照组、感染对照组、肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组。在免疫后采集血样并检测其中的Mhp IgG抗体,在首次免疫后42 d人工感染Mhp组织毒(JS株),攻毒28 d后评估肺脏的病变情况并测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的Mhp含量。结果显示：免疫后肌肉注射免疫组动物产生了明显的Mhp特异性血清IgG抗体,而肺内注射免疫组动物在攻毒前未见明显的血清抗体;肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组的攻毒保护率分别平均为88.89%和75.93%,且组间无显著性差异;感染对照组的BALF中Mhp单位含量极显著高于肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组(P<0.01),2个免疫组间无显著性差异。结果表明：猪支原体活疫苗配合佐剂后经肌肉注射免疫可产生较好的免疫攻毒保护效果。本研究为猪支原体肺炎活...     

白细胞介素2和白细胞介素18对鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联活疫苗免疫作用的影响

为研究白细胞介素2和白细胞介素18对鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联活疫苗免疫作用的影响,将84只14日龄无特定病原(SPF)鸡随机分为7组,每组12只;分别设为NDV-IBV二联活疫苗组(对照组)、CHIL-2蛋白+NDV-IBV二联活疫苗免疫增强组、pVAX1-CHIL-2+NDV-IBV二联活疫苗免疫增强组、CHIL...     

水貂病毒性肠炎杆状病毒载体灭活疫苗与水貂犬瘟热活疫苗混合免疫效果评价

为评价水貂病毒性肠炎杆状病毒载体灭活疫苗(简称MEV亚单位疫苗)与水貂犬瘟热活疫苗(简称CDV活疫苗)混合免疫的效果,本研究将两种疫苗混合后在室温静置不同时间测定犬瘟热病毒(CDV)含量,并选用30只健康水貂随机分为6组进行比对试验,其中G1和G2组免疫MEV亚单位疫苗稀释CDV活疫苗的混合疫苗,G3组为CDV活疫苗单独免疫组,G4组为MEV亚单位疫苗单独免疫组,G5和G6组分别为CDV攻毒组和MEV攻毒组。免疫后21 d采血检测CDV中和抗体,同时对G1、G3、G5组进行CDV攻毒;免疫后14 d采血检测MEV血凝抑制(HI)抗体,同时对G2、G4、G6组进行MEV攻毒。结果：两种疫苗混合后在室温静置2 h, CDV含量无明显下降。免疫后21 d, G1和G3组CDV中和抗体效价达到1∶64.6～1∶128.8,CDV攻毒后混合疫苗和CDV活疫苗免疫组的保护率均为100%。免疫后14 d, G2和G4组的MEV HI抗体效价达到1∶128～1∶1 024,MEV攻毒后混合疫苗和MEV亚单位疫苗免疫组的保护率均为100%。研究表明,MEV亚单位疫苗稀释CDV活疫苗,混合免疫后各疫苗的免...     

不同伪狂犬病活疫苗免疫效力比较

为临床科学选用疫苗,对来自三个生物制品厂的伪狂犬病活疫苗的免疫效力进行了评价。试验选取35日龄伪狂犬阴性猪20头,试验根据疫苗接种情况分为5组,分别为:免疫疫苗稀释液的对照组(第一组)、免疫进口活疫苗组(第二组)、免疫国产活疫苗组(第三组)、免疫本公司ST细胞系增殖制备活疫苗组(第四组)、免疫本公司鸡胚成纤维细胞增殖制备活疫苗组(第五组),然后进行免疫监测和效力评价,观察不同疫苗组仔猪的抗体水平后攻毒保护情况。结果显示:一次免疫后各组抗伪狂犬病毒抗体水平增长缓慢,进行二次免疫后,抗体水平迅速增加并保持较高水平。攻毒后,从身体耐受性、体温变化、体重下降率以及g E抗体水平来看,第二组疫苗B和第四组疫苗D耐受性较强,较快恢复健康,体重下降率较小且g E抗体水平较高。     

法氏囊提取物增强IBD活疫苗免疫效果观察

用鸡法氏囊活疫苗滴鼻点眼免疫３５日龄ＳＰＦ鸡,同时以不同方式接种囊提取物,试验结果表明,法氏囊提取物能明显增强鸡法氏囊活疫苗的免疫效果;经滴鼻点眼途径给予法氏囊提取物能够显著提高ＩＢＤ免疫鸡的特异保护力。     

柴胡皂苷对鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎二联活疫苗免疫效果的影响

为了研究柴胡皂苷对鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎(NDV-IBV)二联活疫苗的免疫增强作用,试验选择13日龄白来航蛋雏鸡360只,随机分为4组,每组90只,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,采用2羽份NDV-IBV二联活疫苗点眼免疫,同时分别肌肉注射2.0%、1.5%、1.0%的柴胡皂苷(SS)1 m L/羽,Ⅳ组为空白对照,注射等量生理盐水,每日1次,连续3 d。分别于免疫后7,14,21,28,35天每组随机抽取10只试验鸡进行采血,测定淋巴细胞转化率、ND抗体效价和血清中NO浓度。结果表明:SS能显著促进淋巴细胞转化(P0.05),提高血清ND抗体效价和NO浓度,增强NDV-IBV二联活疫苗的免疫效果。     

鸡IL-4和IL-2重组融合基因佐剂对鸡球虫活疫苗的增效作用研究

为了研究鸡白细胞介素4(IL-4)和IL-2重组基因佐剂pCI-chIL-4-chIL-2-EGFP对鸡球虫活疫苗的增效作用,试验采用基因佐剂配合鸡球虫活疫苗对雏鸡进行免疫攻毒试验,测定该基因佐剂的最小有效剂量、给药途径,使用该基因佐剂对鸡球虫活疫苗的最短免疫间隔时间和免疫产生期的影响。结果表明：抗球虫指数(ACI)和相对增重率(RWG)随着基因佐剂剂量增高而升高,肌肉注射100μg/只时,ACI(189.32)和RWG(90.35%)达到高峰;口服基因佐剂300μg/只组的ACI(188.41)与肌肉注射基因佐剂100μg/只组接近;肌肉注射佐剂免疫攻毒组的两次免疫最短间隔时间(6 d)较不加基因佐剂组(7 d)缩短1 d;肌肉注射佐剂免疫攻毒组的免疫产生期为二免后第5天,较无基因佐剂免疫攻毒组提前1 d。说明肌肉注射IL-4和IL-2重组基因佐剂pCI-chIL-4-chIL-2-EGFP 100μg/只可提高鸡球虫活疫苗的免疫效果,缩短免疫产生期和免疫间隔。     

主要禽用活疫苗的种类及其应用

以新城疫活疫苗、法氏囊活疫苗、马立克氏冻干疫苗和传染性支气管炎活疫苗等单苗及新城疫-传染性支气管炎二联活疫苗和鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎-鸡痘三联活疫苗等联苗为例,介绍了这些常用活疫苗的类型和特征以及免疫程序、免疫剂量和免疫途径等,旨在为养殖户科学使用活疫苗免疫提供参考,进而更好地防控疫病的爆发和蔓延.     

鸡传染性支气管炎强毒分离株遗传进化分析和免疫保护试验

从山东省发病鸡群中分离鉴定了一株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV）强毒株SDIB821/2012,对其进行S1基因序列测定分析和免疫保护试验。S1基因遗传进化分析结果显示,SDIB821/2012属于以QXIBV为代表的基因型,与同属一个基因型的IBV参考株氨基酸同源性为91.6%～98.5%,与疫苗株491同源性为77.6%,与H120和MA5同源性均为74.8%。免疫保护试验结果显示,根据试验鸡临床症状和发病死亡情况,弱毒活疫苗491对SDIB821/2012的保护率为90%,而H120和MA5对SDIB821/2012的保护率分别仅为40%和33%。攻毒后各免疫组喉头、泄殖腔棉拭样品以及气管、肺脏和肾脏组织均可检测到病毒,表明3种IB疫苗均不能对SDIB821/2012提供完全的免疫保护。     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、减蛋综合征三联灭活疫苗最小免疫剂量的研究

采用北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所制备的ND-IB-EDS三联灭活疫苗,分别以0.1,02,0.3,0.5mL/只的剂量免疫3周龄SPF鸡,免后3周测定ND及EDSHI抗体,然后用NDV强毒北京株攻毒;另外,首免用H120活苗免疫SPF鸡,二免分别用0.1～05mL/只三联苗,并测定2次免疫后IBHI抗体.试验结果表明,0.1 mL/只的免疫剂量就可产生较好的免疫效果,因此,确定该疫苗的最小免疫剂量为0.1 mL/只.     

Field trial in commercial broilers with a multivalent in ovo vaccine comprising a mixture of live viral vaccines against Marek's disease,infectious bursal disease,Newcastle disease,and fowl pox

A multivalent in ovo vaccine (MIV) was tested for safety and efficacy in a commercial broiler complex. The MIV comprised five replicating live viruses including serotypes 1, 2, and 3 of Marek's disease virus (MDV), an intermediate infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and a recombinant fowl poxvirus (FPV) vector vaccine containing HN and F genes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The performance of MIV-vaccinated broilers was compared with that of hatchmates that received turkey herpesvirus (HVT) alone (routinely used in ovo vaccine in the broiler complex). The chickens that hatched from the MIV-injected and HVT-injected eggs were raised under commercial conditions in six barns. Barn 1 housed 17,853 MIV-vaccinated chickens and each of the barns 2-6 housed 18,472-22,798 HVT-vaccinated chickens. The HVT-vaccinated chickens were given infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and NDV vaccines at hatch and at 2 wk of age. The MIV-vaccinated chickens received IBV vaccine at hatch and IBV + NDV at 2 wk of age. The relative values of hatchability of eggs, livability and weight gain of chickens, and condemnation rates at processing were comparable between the MIV and the HVT groups (P > 0.05). Chickens from the MIV- and the HVT-vaccinated groups were challenged with virulent viruses under laboratory conditions. The resistance of vaccinated chickens against Marek's disease could not be assessed because of high natural resistance of unvaccinated commercial broilers to virulent MDV. The relative resistances of the MIV- and the HVT-vaccinated groups, respectively, against other virulent viruses were as follows: IBDV, 100% for both groups; NDV, 81% vs. 19%; FPV, 86% vs. 0%. The successful use of MIV under field conditions expands the usefulness of the in ovo technology for poultry.     

Protection induced by infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccines alone and combined with Newcastle disease virus and/or infectious bronchitis virus vaccines

Two types of live attenuated vaccines have been used worldwide for the control of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV): 1) chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccines; and 2) tissue culture origin vaccines (TCO). However, the disease persists in spite of extensive use of vaccination, particularly in areas of intense broiler production. Among the factors that may influence the efficiency of ILTV live attenuated vaccines is a possible interference of Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccines with the protection induced by ILTV vaccines. The protection induced by CEO and TCO vaccines was evaluated when administered at 14 days of age alone or in combination with the B1 type strain of NDV (B1) and/or the Arkansas (ARK) and Massachusetts (MASS) serotypes of IBV vaccines. Two weeks after vaccination (28 days of age), the chickens were challenged with a virulent ILTV field strain (63140 isolate, group V genotype). Protection was evaluated at 5 and 7 days postchallenge by scoring clinical signs and quantifying the challenge virus load in the trachea using real-time PCR (qPCR). In addition, the viral load of the vaccine viruses (ILTV, NDV, and IBV) was quantified 3 and 5 days postvaccination also using qPCR. The results of this study indicate that the NDV (B1) and IBV (ARK) vaccines and a multivalent vaccine constituted by NDV (B1) and IBV (ARK and MASS) did not interfere with the protection induced by the CEO ILTV vaccine. However, the NDV (BI) and the multivalent (B1/MASS/ARK) vaccines interfered with the protection induced by the TCO vaccine (P < 0.05). Either in combination or by themselves, the NDV and IBV vaccines decreased the tracheal replication of the TCO vaccine and the protection induced by this vaccine, since the ILTV-vaccinated and -challenged chickens displayed significantly more severe clinical signs and ILTV load (P < 0.05) than chickens vaccinated with the TCO vaccine alone. Although NDV and IBV challenges were not performed, the antibody responses elicited by NDV and/or the IBV vaccinations were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) when applied in combination with the CEO vaccine.     

重组鸡痘病毒vFV282活疫苗最小免疫剂量及攻毒保护试验

将重组鸡痘病毒vFV282疫苗用生理盐水作10^-1，10^-2，10^-3，10^-4系列稀释，分别免疫7天龄鸡，于免疫后21d，分别用NDV、IBDV和FPV攻毒，观察其保护率，结果除NDV攻毒在10^-4组保护率为40％（4／10），其余各组均为100％（10／10）保护。表明该疫苗的最小免疫剂量≤10^-3TCID50/0.02mL。     

The efficacy of an avian metapneumovirus vaccine applied simultaneously with infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease virus vaccines to specific-pathogen-free chickens

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) are important respiratory pathogens of chickens. To achieve early posthatch protection against all three diseases it would be helpful to deliver live aMPV, IBV, and NDV vaccines simultaneously at 1 day of age. However, previous work has indicated that the efficacy of aMPV vaccines may be affected when codelivered with IBV or NDV vaccines. The efficacy of an aMPV vaccine when codelivered to chickens in a trivalent combination with an NDV and an IBV vaccine was examined. The serological antibody response to the aMPV vaccine given with the IBV and NDV vaccine was significantly lower than when the aMPV vaccine was given alone. However, the aMPV vaccine did not affect the serological response to the IBV and NDV vaccines. Irrespective, the efficacy of the aMPV vaccine was not affected based on clinical signs postchallenge. This is the first report showing aMPV, IBV, and NDV vaccines can be codelivered without affecting the efficacy of the aMPV vaccine.     

The resistance of meat chickens vaccinated by aerosol with a live V4 Newcastle disease virus vaccine in the field to challenge with a velogenic Newcastle disease virus

Meat chickens housed on a commercial broiler farm in Australia were vaccinated once at 10 to 11 days-of-age by aerosol with live V4 Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. Groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated birds were flown to Malaysia, where they were challenged with a virulent strain of NDV. Survival rates in vaccinated chickens challenged 7, 14, 21 or 31 d after vaccination were 0.47, 0.77, 0.97 and 0.92, respectively. All unvaccinated chickens died due to Newcastle disease (ND) following challenge. Chickens in Australia and Malaysia were bled and the serums tested for haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody to NDV. Many vaccinated birds with no detectable antibody, and all birds with a log2 titre of 2 or greater, survived challenge. The results showed that this V4 vaccine induced protective immunity in a significant proportion of chickens within 7 d of mass aerosol vaccination. This early immunity occurred in the absence of detectable circulating HI antibody. Non-HI antibody mediated immunity continued to provide protection up to 31 d after vaccination. Almost all vaccinated birds were protected within 3 w of vaccination. It is concluded that the V4 vaccine is efficacious and could be useful during an outbreak of virulent ND in Australia.     

基于新城疫病毒V蛋白鉴别鸡群感染与免疫的间接ELISA方法的建立

本研究以新城疫病毒(NDV)V蛋白羧基端结构域(Vc)的重组蛋白为包被抗原,建立了用于检测NDV V蛋白抗体的间接ELISA方法,并采用该方法检测了鸡群免疫或接毒后血清中的V蛋白抗体水平。结果显示:两组不同NDV灭活疫苗组在免疫后的3周内检测结果均为阴性;两组灭活疫苗免疫3周后再人工感染NDV强毒的鸡群,攻毒后第7、14和21 d,NDV阳性率分别为60%、80%、70%和50%、80%、70%;两组不同的NDV弱毒疫苗免疫组鸡群,仅在免疫后第21 d阳性率分别为20%和10%。以上结果表明,NDV疫苗免疫组与强毒感染组的V蛋白抗体阳性率存在明显差异,本方法可在群体水平上区分新城疫疫苗免疫与强毒感染鸡群,为NDV血清学诊断和流行病学调查提供了一种新的检测手段。     

法氏囊提取液对新城疫活疫苗免疫效力的影响

本文对鸡法氏囊提取液与ND活疫苗的使用方法进行了分析。通过血凝抑制抗体滴度的测定结果表明,预先接种鸡法氏囊提取液时,经肌肉注射、口服和点眼滴鼻接种方式均能提高ND疫苗免疫鸡的抗体产生能力,且经肌肉注射法最佳。但是,在整个试验期间,法氏囊提取液只能增强鸡群对ND活疫苗的早期免疫应答,而法氏囊提取液与ND活疫苗同时使用时更能刺激免疫鸡群的早期抗体产生水平。