遵义市鸡球虫种类的调查

在遵义市3个养鸡场及5县1区养鸡户采集新鲜粪便150份,并解剖100只病鸡,调查鸡感染的球虫种类,同时作卵囊形态观察及大小测量等工作,表明我市鸡感染的球虫种类有9种。     

重庆市鸡球虫种类调查

首次在重庆市开展的较大规模的鸡球虫感染的调查，发现鸡感染有9种艾美尔球虫，即：柔嫩艾美尔球虫（Eimeria tenella)，巨型艾美尔球虫（E.maxia），堆形艾美尔球（E.acervulina），毒害艾美尔球虫（E.necatrix），布氏艾美尔球虫（E.brunetti），变位艾美尔球虫（E.mivati）和缘艾美尔球虫（E.mitis）、哈氏艾美尔球虫（E.hagani）和早熟艾美尔球虫（E.praecax）。在调查的不同地区、不同饲养规模、不同饲养方式的鸡，其感染的球虫种类不一致，在规模化鸡场爽为3－4种混合性感染，多的有7种，而在农村散养鸡感染的种类为1－2种。调查发现，部分中、小规模的养鸡场，多数是因饲养条件较差，鸡球虫的感染率和雏鸡的发病率都很高，尤其因养殖户对鸡球虫病的发生和抗球虫药的性质及使用缺乏基本的科学知识，常常在雏鸡爆发急性球虫病、在青年鸡发生亚临床球虫病，据感染率和发病鸡的病理变化，在重庆市，鸡球虫的主要致病种是柔嫩艾美尔球虫、巨型艾美尔球虫和堆形艾美尔球虫。     

肉鸡球虫病的发生诱因及防治措施

鸡球虫病是由寄生于鸡肠道中的各种球虫所引起的肠道病变的总称。该病原为原虫中的艾美耳科艾美耳属的球虫。世界各国已经记载的鸡球虫种类共有13种之多,我国已发现9个种。不同种的球虫,在鸡肠道内寄生部位不一样,其致病力也不相同。正确认识球虫病的特点,与其他疾病的关系,可能诱发球虫病的管理及营养因素,     

鸡球虫病的防治方法

鸡球虫病的病原为原虫中艾美耳科艾美耳属的球虫,世界各国已经记载的鸡球虫种类共有13种之多,我国已发现柔嫩、毒害、巨型、堆型等9种艾美耳球虫,其中致病力最强的是柔嫩艾美耳球虫和毒害艾关耳球虫。     

一起雏鸡球虫病的诊断与防治

1病原体 本病病原为原虫中的艾美耳科艾美耳属的球虫。已经记载的鸡球虫种类共有13种之多,我国已发现9个种。不同种的球虫,在鸡肠道内寄生部位不同,其致病力也不相同。柔嫩艾美耳球虫寄生于盲肠,致病力最强;毒害艾美耳球虫寄生于小肠中1/3段,致病力强;巨型艾美耳球虫寄生于小肠,以中段为主,有一定的致病作用;     

鸡球虫病的防治

<正>目前世界公认感染鸡的球虫有9个种类,临床中常以多种球虫混合感染为主,其中以寄生在鸡盲肠的柔嫩艾美耳球虫及寄生在鸡小肠中段的毒害艾美耳球虫的致病力最强。艾美耳球虫的发育包括裂体生殖、配子生殖、孢子生殖三个阶段。裂体生殖和配子生殖阶段在鸡肠道上皮细胞内进行,配子发育后期形成合子,合子形成被膜后     

和缓艾美球虫与堆型艾美球虫交叉免疫试验

目前对于鸡球虫种类尚存异议,大多数人认为有7种,但有些学者认为有9种,新增哈氏艾美球虫(E.hagani)和变位艾美球虫(E.mivati).     

浅析球虫病的最新流行趋势

1病原及流行情况 鸡球虫病是一种原虫病，属于艾美尔科、艾美尔属。世界各国已经记载的鸡球虫种类共有13种之多，被人们普遍接受的有9种，依次为：堆型、布氏、巨型、和缓、毒害、变位、早熟、柔嫩、哈氏艾美尔球虫。球虫几乎在任何养鸡的地方都可发现，主要通过污染的垫料、饮水、机械传播，球虫感染具有自身限制性，并且发病情况主要取决于摄入卵囊的数量和鸡本身的免疫状态。由于球虫的普遍存在，通过消毒、检疫等手段不能将其根除。     

上海地区鸡球虫种类的初步调查

前言国内外关于鸡球虫种类的研究和文献记载很多.根据 Becke(1959)的论述,鸡球虫有八种.Edgar 等(1964)和 Reid(1968)报道有九种.为了摸清上海地区鸡的球虫种类,为今后球虫的分类、流行病学、药物防治、免疫的研究提供依据,作者对上海地区的鸡球虫种类进行了调查。现报道如下.     

鸡球虫苗的研究进展

由于抗药性和研制新药成本增加，周期延长，药物使用中存在的一些问题，促进了免疫学防治的发展，利用鸡球虫苗来控制鸡球虫病成为一种有效途径，通过对鸡球虫苗的种类，作用特点，研究概况等方面的论述，进一步提出该虫苗的应用前景及展望，为更好地防治鸡球虫提供科学依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …