T-DNA诱发的小麦强分蘖突变体研究初报

利用农杆菌介导的小麦活体转化技术转化多个小麦品种,得到一定数量的小麦转化体植株。在小麦品种鲁麦21的遗传转化体T0代植株中发现一强分蘖突变体,通过PCR技术和Southern杂交技术证明该突变体含有T-DNA序列;该突变体表现为单基因隐性突变,在突变体T3代中均能通过PCR扩增到T-DNA内的序列,表明该突变体为T-DNA插入诱发的突变体。通过对该突变体初步分析表明突变基因与温度应答有关,随温度的降低,突变体分蘖速度加快。     

油菜黑胫病菌T-DNA插入致病力减弱突变体的筛选及侧翼序列分析

为揭示油菜黑胫病菌的致病分子机理,基于已建立的Leptosphaeria biglobosa突变体库,随机挑选16个突变体,对其致病力进行检测,筛选到12个致病力下降的突变体.并对其中6个致病力显著减弱突变体的菌落生长特性、生长速率、产孢量进行测定,结果显示,T1、T3、T4、T7突变体与野生型nm-1菌落形态相比没有...     

EMS诱变NC 55突变体库的创建及高钾突变材料的筛选

为了获得不同类型的烟草突变体库,用0.6%的EMS诱变处理NC 55,对诱变后的M 1代的大田性状进行调查分析,并从中筛选高钾突变材料。EMSNC 55 M 1代植物学性状和农艺性状变异类型丰富,突变率为11.88%,主要为多头突变、株型突变、叶片突变等;通过大田筛选和烟叶化验,筛选到钾含量高于对照NC 55的突变材料74份,其中钾含量超过1.50%的35份,以EMSNC 55-5501烟叶钾含量最高,为2.03%。EMSNC 55 M 1代单株留种606份,为进一步筛选各种类型突变体和选育新品种创建了很好的突变体库。     

转il-4基因番茄及其杂交F1代的筛选与表现型分析

为完善转il-4基因番茄的筛选及鉴定工作,本实验比较了il-4基因在PPT抗性筛选与非PPT抗性筛选植株中的阳性率,对il-4基因在T6代及杂交F1代番茄中的传递规律和植株表现型进行调查。本文对L402、‘中疏4号’、‘大黄’三个品种的T6代及杂交F1代植株进行PPT抗性筛选及非PPT抗性筛选,特异性的PCR扩增、PCR-Southern杂交。研究结果表明,il-4基因在非PPT抗性筛选植株中的阳性率高于PPT筛选植株,T6代及F1代植株中il-4基因的分离情况不符合孟德尔分离规律,其分离情况远远低于3:1的分离比率。转il-4基因番茄与非转基因植株（对照）相比发现,转基因植株在一至多个性状上发生了不同程度的变异,杂交F1代与亲本T6代植株相比,杂交F1代有少数组合存在杂种优势。     

EMS诱变甘蓝型油菜获得高油酸突变体

用0.4％ EMS诱变甘蓝型油菜NJ7982种子,从M2代筛选得到1个油酸含量76.15％的突变株(M2-2080),M3代该突变体的油酸含量也达到了75.0％ (M3-2080-1).对高油酸突变体M3-2080-1和野生型BnFA D2基因进行克隆,分析突变体油酸含量高的原因.序列表明,高油酸突变体中,BnFA D...     

CRISPR/Cas9系统编辑拟南芥dcl2drb4的双链结合蛋白7.1

为获得拟南芥dcl2drb4drb7.1三突变体,本研究构建基于CRISPR/Cas9系统靶标Drb7.1基因保守序列的重组质粒,并通过花粉管通道法转化拟南芥双突变体dcl2drb4。T1代转基因植物Drb7.1扩增产物测序分析,发现有9个样品在Drb7.1第二个靶位点出现双峰,可能已发生编辑。对第13号转基因T1代植株单克隆测序分析表明,在Drb7.1第二个靶位点分别插入了一个碱基(C或者A)。T2代转基因植株测序分析表明,有9株植物为纯合的Drb7.1被编辑的dcl2drb4drb7.1突变体,为研究DRB7.1是否参与DCL4介导的抵御TCV病毒的RNA沉默信号通路提供了实验材料。     

"范尼"甲基磺酸乙酯诱变体系的建立和M4代干旱敏感突变体筛选

利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理亚麻"范尼"建立诱变体系,获得突变体库.对突变材料进行耐旱性筛选,为亚麻抗旱选育奠定基础.采用不同浓度EMS和处理时间诱变"范尼"种子,根据M1代半致死率确定最佳诱变体系,M2代种子单株收获至M4代.在15％和18％的PEG-6000浓度处理下,分别对7个"范尼"M4代突变体植株的萌发期和...     

水稻极度分蘖突变体的分离和遗传学初步研究

通过EMS诱变处理栽培稻粳籼89(Oryza sative L.indica JX89)种子,从M2代植株中筛选得到一株突变体,其植株形态表现为叶细、色淡、植株矮化和极度分蘖.在将近一年的营养生长过程中,分蘖总数达到2000多个,命名为极度分蘖突变体(Excessive tillering mutant)ext 37.ext 37自交所得M 3和M4代植株表现同一表型.突变体自交及其与JX8     

β-罗勒烯信号传导途径关键基因突变体的筛选

罗勒烯作为一种植物通讯信号分子可以诱导植物的整体防御反应,但是目前对β-罗勒烯信号传导途径上的关键组分并不清楚。为了找到β-罗勒烯信号传导途径关键基因的突变体,本研究采用正向遗传学的方法,以带有PDF1.2pro::Luciferase和PR1pro::Luciferase表达框的转基因拟南芥为背景材料(M0),选用0.2%(v/v)EMS浓度构建了诱变群体,通过荧光素酶-荧光素活体荧光成像系统检测荧光表型来筛选突变体,成功筛选出了经β-罗勒烯诱导不发荧光的PDF1.2pro::Luciferase突变体植株(Ef)12株和PR1pro::Luciferase突变体植株(E1)10株,并在M2代确定了稳定不发荧光的表型。M3代检测β-罗勒烯信号途径下游基因PDF1.2与PR1的表达,以及测序验证突变体植株PDF1.2pro::Luciferase和PR1pro::Luciferase表达框的完整性,最后确认获得了与β-罗勒烯信号传导途径相关的可靠突变体的Ef材料为8株,E1材料为3株,为进一步探明β-罗勒烯信号传导途径的关键组分及其机制提供依据。     

籼稻9311辐射突变体的分离与鉴定

利用350Gy的60Co-γ对籼稻9311进行辐射处理,以诱导产生大量的农艺与发育性状突变体,为水稻遗传研究和功能基因组学研究提供基础材料。M1代单本栽插并实行单株收获;M2代种植5000个家系,根据各个生育阶段形态性状表现进行初步鉴定,共有1665个家系的4136个单株发生形态变异,并筛选出各类形态突变体2001份;M3代按系谱种植进行重复鉴定获得包括叶、茎、穗、育性和熟期变化等各类突变体1996份。形态性状的突变频率按M2代种植家系中突变家系的百分比计算为33.3%,表明9311对γ射线是十分敏感的。本研究还发现辐射突变表现为单基因突变和多基因突变同时发生。同时,还筛选到一些优良农艺性状的突变体,可以直接应用于育种及生产当中。     

Contracting for Migration for the Reason of Zoological Environment

Migration for the reason of zoological environment is the measure for solving the crisis of zoological environment. Nowadays, governments play the chief role in the Migration for the reason of zoological environment, but the migration themselves do not have the freedom to decide whether migrate or not. Because the activity of migration is related to the restraint of economy, culture, law, etc. It is the object of migration that protect the zoological environment and improve the welfare of habitant, which must be concerned when constructing the systems of migration. This paper proves the possibility of contracting for migration based on the methodology of the cost-income analysis. On the other hand, it also argues for changing the mode of migration from that controlled by governments to being decided by habitant themselves.     

Assessment of techniques for screening alfalfa cultivars for aluminum tolerance

Screening toxicity tests are an effective method to characterize aluminum tolerant plants. In this paper, three screening procedures were used to assess aluminum tolerance among 13 cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The procedures used were: Petri dish screening, black glass plot method and the soil-on-agar procedure. Major biological indices used to analyze aluminum tolerance were relative root length (RRL), relative germination rate (RGR), relative hypocotyl length (RHL), relative fresh weight (RFW) and root emergence (RE). Aluminum negatively affected all five indices. A Pearson correlation test indicated that the results of the three screening procedures were consistent, suggesting that all three could be used for screening purposes. However, because of the short test period and the simplicity of operation, the black glass plot method might be the best choice. Overall, cv. Super No. 7 and WL-525HQ were the most aluminum-tolerant alfalfa cultivars, while Pondus S was the most sensitive.     

Evaluation of environments for preliminary testing of maize for yield and stover digestibility

Summary The identification of environments suitable for selection should enable plant breeders to test reliably a larger number of genotypes with given resources. This research was undertaken to evaluate discrimination ability (DA) and prediction ability (PA) of eight environments involving two locations. Eckartsweier (Eck) 1 and Voelkenrode (Voe); 2 yer. 1984 (84) and 1985 (85); and two harvests, silage harvest (I) and later (II). It was based on dry matter yield of plant (PDMY), ear (EDMY) and stover (SDMY) and on in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) of stover of 12 inbred lines and their 66 diallel crosses in maize (Zea mays L.). Linear regression coefficient of the performance of genotypes in an environment on that averaged across all environments and its degree of determination were used as measures of the DA and PA of environments, respectively. In hybrids, the DA of environments differed significantly for all traits except SDMY and ADL. Environment Eck851 showed better PA (0.63) than other environments for PDMY, EDMY, IVDOM, NDF, and ADF. Among the 12 two-environment combinations. EckI was a better predictor for PDMY, EDMY, IVDOM and NDF (PA0.80). The more productive environments showed better DA and PA for PDMY and FDMY than less productive ones. For IVDOM and NDF the first harvest provided better discrimination and prediction than the second harvest. In inbred lines the DA of environments differed significantly for EDMY only. In the present study, PA and DA seemed to be functions of the environments, PA was improved by combining two environments, and some environments seemed to be suitable for preliminary selection of genotypes for such diverse traits as yield and digestibility.     

我国出口食品过敏原成分管理亟待规范的思考

食品过敏原成分的检测和标注已经成为欧美等发达国家限制我国食品出口的新技术性壁垒。列出了不同发达国家对过敏原成分相关法规及要求,为保护消费者的健康和安全,建议我国食品加工出口企业、检验检疫部门和国家应该采取的相应措施。     

玉米制种缺素症（营养障碍）的防治

1　症状1.1　缺氮 :幼苗矮化 ,瘦弱 ,叶丛黄绿。生长株从叶尖开始变黄 ,沿叶片中脉发展 ,叶片上形成一个“V”形黄化部分 ,致全株黄化 ,后下部叶尖枯死且边缘呈黄绿色。缺氮严重或关键期缺氮 ,果穗小 ,顶部籽粒不充实 ,蛋白质含量低。1.2　缺磷 :嫩株敏感 ,植株矮化 ,叶尖、叶缘失绿呈紫红色 ,后叶端枯死或变成暗紫褐色。根系发达 ,雌穗受粉受阻 ,籽粒不充实 ,果穗少或歪曲。1.3　缺钾 :下部叶片的叶尖、叶缘呈黄色或似火红焦枯 ,后期植株易倒状 ,果穗小 ,顶部发育不良。1.4　缺钙 :植株矮 ,新叶生长受阻 ,新叶尖端几乎完全失绿 ,分泌透明…     

索承式桥梁吊索钢丝腐蚀疲劳寿命评估

根据吊索镀锌钢丝腐蚀疲劳破坏特点,把镀锌钢丝腐蚀疲劳纹形成和扩展过程分解成镀锌层腐蚀失效、蚀坑萌生、蚀坑形成、短裂纹扩展、长裂纹扩展和断裂破坏等阶段,建立各阶段时间表达式,得到镀锌钢丝疲劳寿命表达式,提出基于断裂力学的吊索钢丝腐蚀疲劳寿命评估研究结果方法。通过算例分析复杂运营条件下腐蚀环境和应力幅等因素对吊索钢丝腐蚀疲劳寿命的影响,研究结果表明：吊索钢丝腐蚀疲劳寿命主要由钢丝镀锌层腐蚀、蚀坑发展和短裂纹扩展等3个阶段组成,为了准确地评估吊索腐蚀疲劳寿命,需要掌握大桥的运营环境和交通荷载。     

食用菌栽培料堆制诱发灭菌新方法探讨

将栽培料大量堆制,并控制适宜堆湿、堆温、翻堆和时间,诱使料中杂菌由休眠的孢子体转变为营养生长体,降低杂菌细胞对高温的忍耐力,再行一次短时常压灭菌,把料内杂菌一次杀灭.这样将灭菌过程分为诱发与杀灭二个阶段,这就构成了一种新的栽培料灭菌法——堆制诱发灭菌法.用之于生产,是解决目前平菇发菌阶段杂菌污染行之有效的措施.     

Criteria for the definition of similarity thresholds for identifying essentially derived varieties

The concept of essential derivation refers to cases where a new variety is obtained from an initial variety (IV), of which it retains the expression of the essential characteristics resulting from the genotype or combination of genotypes of the IV. Protecting plant breeder's rights can be facilitated by identifying a species‐specific threshold level of similarity above which the new variety could be suspected as essentially derived (EDV). Amplified fragment length polymorphisms and simple sequence repeats proved suitable for measuring genetic similarity. Three approaches have been proposed for the definition of thresholds. According to the ‘calibration principle’, the critical level to discriminate EDVs is defined based on similarities among closely related genotypes. Adopting the ‘tail principle’, the threshold is placed at a given percentile of the distribution of the similarities within a reference population of independent genotypes. Finally, with the ‘pedigree principle’, the threshold is set starting from the a priori definition of breeding techniques that lead to EDVs. The tools and the approaches described in this review represent the basis for developing protocols useful in handling disputes of essential derivation.