日本种植的中晚熟柑橘及酸柑橘染色体的CMA带型

利用色霉素A3（CMA）荧光色素染色法比较分析了日本栽培的8个柑橘种的染色体CMA带型。根据CMA带的数量和出现的位置，这些染色体被划分为5种类型：A型，两条末端带和一条近轴带；B，一条末端带，一条近轴带；C：两条末端带；D：一条末端带；E：无带型。     

大麦/高粱带型试验研究

甘肃河西灌区两种酿造原料作物(啤酒大麦和酿酒高粱)套作的不同带型的研究结果。研究表明：以啤酒大麦5行70cm和酿酒高粱3行90cm带型的为河西灌区的最佳带型，混合产量达12262.95kg／hm^2，与另外两种带型A，C处理间产量差异达到显著和极显著水平。     

杉木根尖细胞染色体C带及荧光带型的研究

对杉木的根尖有丝分裂中期染色体进行研究,结果发现,杉木的染色体核型为2n=22=20m(2SAT) 2sm,10对染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,只有1对(最小一对)为近中着丝粒染色体,第3对为具随体的染色体,核型不对称性属于1B型.对杉木的Giemsa C-带进行研究发现,有8对染色体有C带出现,只有3对染色体无C带,C带纹均出现在染色体的两臂.且利用C带在杉木11对染色体上的分布情况,能够较容易地辨认出11对中的5对染色体.而荧光分带研究的结果则为在杉木根尖细胞的中期分裂相中,只有CMA(色霉素A3)在带有随体的染色体的次缢痕和随体处有专一的荧光带纹,而DAPI无带.CMA带比DAPI带更适宜杉木的分带研究.最后讨论了C带与荧光带的在杉木染色体研究中的应用.     

提莫菲维小麦染色体的C-带分析

对提莫菲维小麦的根尖细胞染色体进行C-带分析,以明确提莫菲维小麦的染色体C-带带型特点。结果表明:提莫菲维小麦具有14对染色体,其染色体带型公式为:2 n=28=4 IT++4 IT++6 CIT++6 I+2 IT+2 CI+2 CIT+S+2 CIS,共包括98条带,其中长臂具有57条带纹,包括50条中间带(I),7条端带(T);短臂具有35条带纹,包括30条中间带(I),3条端带(T),2条随体带(S);另外还有着丝点带(C)6条。提莫菲维小麦G组染色体的异质化程度明显高于A组染色体,G组染色体的C-带带型与普通小麦B组染色体非常相似,因此G组染色体可能与B组染色体存在部分同源性。     

四倍体小麦矮杆地方品种的C带分析

矮杆番麦是四倍体小麦地方品种罕见的矮杆种质,采用改主的Ｃ带技术对基尖细胞染色体进行了分析,矮杆番麦体细胞具１４对染色体,染色体组型ＡＡＢＢ。非同源染色体之间,带的数目,大小,强弱及分布情况各异,根据其特殊的带型,容易将筹杆番麦的单条染色体及分开,据此认为Ｃ带可作为矮杆番麦染色体的细胞学标记,矮杆番麦的带型与原始类型的野生二粒小麦相似,表明其基因未发生过大的染色体重排,因此,矮杆番麦的矮杆性状不是由     

二倍体野燕麦染色体的C-带分析

采用C-带技术对二倍体野燕麦根尖细胞染色体进行了带型分析,以研究该野燕麦染色体的C-带特点.结果表明:二倍体野燕麦具有7对染色体,其上共有35条带,其中长臂具有带纹19条,包括13条中间带(I),6条末端带(T);短臂具有8条带纹,包括2条中间带(I),6条末端带(T),另外还有l条随体带(S)以及7条着丝点带(C),其带型公式为2 n=14=2CIT+ +2 CIT+8 CI+ T+2 CI+ T+S.二倍体野燕麦染色体组成为CC,核型为2A,属于较对称核型,进化指数为7.     

小麦套种玉米机收最佳带型研究

随着小麦套种玉米生产的进一步发展 ,小麦机械收获的面积不断扩大 ,为了从目前应用的 4种收割机的机收带型中选择使小麦玉米达到最佳的产量及经济效益的带型模式 ,而设立此试验。1　材料与方法1.1　试验田情况试验设在永宁县扬和乡红星七队 ,前茬为小麦套种玉米 ,地力中等。播前施碳铵 75 0ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,尿素 2 2 5ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,小麦带种肥磷二铵 15 0ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,玉米带种肥磷二铵 75ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 。小麦品种为永良 15号 ,玉米品种为农大 3138。1.2　处理与方法本试验根据目前已使用的收割机的类型设 4个处理 ,重复 3次 ,随机区组设计 ,处理Ａ …     

偏凸山羊草的核型和C-带研究

通过对偏凸山羊草的核型和C-带分析研究表明,偏凸山羊草的D染色体组与节节麦的D染色体组很相似,其可能来自于节节麦;M^V染色体组臂比较大,有2对普通小麦所没有的近端着丝粒染色体,且所显C-带带型与普通小麦的染色体组有明显区别。     

三个卷瓣组百合的根尖染色体C-带比较

利用染色体组型分析进行种和种质资源的识别是一种有效的手段.本文利用Gemisa C-分带方法对三个卷班组百合南川百合(L.rosthornii)、川百合(L.davidii)和金佛山百合(L.jinfushanense)根尖染色体进行了研究.南川百合的带型公式为:2n=24=10C 8CI 2I 2N 2,川百合的带型公式为:2n=24=4C 2CI 2I 6I 2I 2I T 2T 2CNT 2,金佛山百合的带型公式为:2n=24=4C 4CI 4CI 4L 2I 2I 2I T 2.通过GemisaC-分带方法不但可以很好的区分各种的各条染色体,而且可以很好的区分这三个卷瓣组野生百合.     

不同环境和时期印度小麦品种麦醇溶蛋白的酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳带型分析

为了研究印度小麦品种的麦醇溶蛋白带型和遗传多样性，本试验采用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法，分析了印度近50年来培育的159个小麦品种麦醇溶蛋白带型。研究结果表明品种的麦醇溶蛋白带型存在广泛的多态性（遗传多样性指数（H）=0．875）。共鉴定出147条带型，其中ω麦醇溶蛋白区域有45条不同的带型；γ麦醇溶蛋白区域有42条；β麦醇溶蛋白区域有30条;     

Fluorescence in situ hybridization polymorphism using two repetitive DNA clones in different cultivars of wheat

Twenty‐two wheat cultivars and a wheat line were analysed with two‐colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the pSc119.2 and pAs1 repetitive DNA clones to detect if polymorphism could be observed in the hybridization patterns of different wheat cultivars. The FISH hybridization pattern of ‘Chinese Spring’ was compared with wheat cultivars of different origins. Differences were observed in the hybridization patterns of chromosomes 4A, 5A, 1B, 2B, 3B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 1D, 2D, 3D and 4D. Although a low level of polymorphism exists in the FISH pattern of different wheat cultivars, it is possible to identify 17 pairs of chromosomes according to their hybridization patterns with these two probes. This study will help to predict the expected variation in the FISH pattern when analysing wheat genetic stocks of different origin. It is presumed that variation in hybridization patterns are caused by chromosome structural rearrangements and by differences in the amount and location of repetitive sequences in the cultivars analysed.     

Giemsa N-banding pattern in cabbage and Chinese kale

Summary In cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and Chinese kale (B. oleracea alboglabra) four types of N-bands can be distinguished: pericentromeric, telomeric (terminal), intercalary and satellite bands. Typical NOR bands were not observed. The pericentromeric bands appear at the pericentric regions, possibly even at the centromeres of all chromosomes. Telomeric bands are observed on the short arms of chromosomes 1,5 and 6 in cabbage and chromosomes 1 and 5 in Chinese kale. Intercalary bands stained weakly in the long arms of chromosome 3 in cabbage and chromosome 2 in Chinese kale. Satellite bands cover the entire satellites in both Brassica species. The N-banding pattern is very similar in appearance to the C-banding pattern in both species and much more convenient to apply.     

Identification of the Chromosomes in the 'Esto' Set of Rye Trisomics

The original identification of the chromosomes involved in each of the lines of the act of primary trisomics of winter rye variety ‘Esto’ does not correspond with recent results of gene localization studies. Using known morphological marker genes, N-banding and test crossing with the standard translocation tester set, a more precise identification was possible. In the nomenclature of the Triticinae, the lines can be designated as follows: A = 7R; B = 5R; C = 2R; D = 3R; E = 4R; F = 6R; G = 1R.     

Cytological identification of 1B/1R wheat-rye translocations in winter wheat breeding lines

Summary The incorporation of rye (S. cereale L.) chromatin into winter wheat (T. aestivum L.) cultivars is often achieved via hybridization of unadapted wheat-rye translocation lines with adapted wheat germplasm. Identification of progenies possessing the translocated chromosome has traditionally involved phenotypic screening for the desired rye characteristics. In this study, the Giemsa N-banding technique was evaluated as a potential screening tool for detection of 1B/1R wheat-rye translocations. Five breeding lines were examined from the pedigree Aurora/2^*TAM W-101. The differential banding patterns of chromosome 1B contributed by TAM W-101 and chromosome 1B/1R contributed by Aurora allowed unequivocal identification of translocation genotypes. Three of the lines were found to be heterogeneous, whereby plants were homozygous for either the normal 1B or the translocated 1B/1R chromosome. The remaining two lines were observed to be homozygous and homogeneous for the translocated 1B/1R chromosome. The implication of N-banding chromosomal analyses to wheat breeding is presented.Contribution No. J-5172, Department of Agronomy, Oklahoma Agriculture Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK74078.     

Chromosomal effects in the endogenous contents of non-structural carbohydrates and proteins measured in wheat substitution lines

In hexaploid bread wheat, Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), little work has been carried out to study the genetic control of the synthesis of reduced, non‐reduced and total non‐structural carbohydrates and soluble proteins in aerial and rooting structures. The aim of this paper was to determine the chromosomal location of genes determining carbohydrate and protein synthesis that could be used for diagnostic selection in segregating breeding populations. A set of wheat intervarietal chromosome substitution lines [‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) × synthetic wheat (Triticum diccocoides×Aegilops squarrosa) (Syn)], was used. Plants were cultivated in hydroponic solutions to the fully expanded third leaf stage. Carbohydrate and protein contents and dry matter were determined for aerial and root parts. The root dry weight did not show significant differences between the parental varieties and the substitution lines, except for 5A, 2B and 6B, which had significantly lower dry weights. The aerial dry weight was significantly higher for Syn and the 2A substitution line. The ratio aerial dry weight/root dry weight was significantly higher in Syn, 1A, 2A and 4B. The protein content of the plant showed highly significant differences between both parental lines but 6A and 1D of the substitution lines showed highly significant differences, with contents as high as that for Syn. Syn produced significantly lower total aerial carbohydrates. The substitution lines 2A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 2B, 3D, 5D and 6D showed highly significant total carbohydrate content increases in the aerial parts compared with both parental lines. The non‐reduced carbohydrate contents showed a pattern similar to that of the total carbohydrates. Syn had a lower reduced carbohydrate content than CS. Only the 5A, 2B, and 1D substitution lines had a highly significantly different content of reduced carbohydrates than CS. In roots, Syn produced the lowest values for every type of sugar. The highest significant values for total carbohydrates were found in substitution lines 2B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 1D and 6D. The non‐reduced carbohydrate levels were significantly higher than CS in 2B, 5B, 6B and 6D substitution lines. Only the substitution lines 3B and 1D showed a significantly higher reduced carbohydrate content in roots compared with CS. The photoassimilate partitioning in Syn, 1 A, 2A and 4B favoured the aerial parts but, in contrast, higher partitioning to the roots was found in the 7B, 1D and 3D substitution lines. Both groups appear to carry interesting patterns worth incorporating in wheat cultivars.     

应用SSR分子标记分析小麦品种(系)的遗传重组

为了解小麦品种形成中亲本基因组的遗传重组和遗传保留区段的分布特点,对周麦18和百农AK58及其衍生品系共23个材料进行了全基因组SSR扫描分析。遗传重组分析表明,单交组合的平均重组数(12.3)低于回交组合(13.9);染色体4A、5A、7A、1B、3B、4B、7B、1D、2D、3D、5D、6D和7D重组发生较多,其余染色体重组相对较少,染色体的中间区段与远端区段重组数相当,分别为6.1和6.0。子代间基因组比较发现,一些染色体区段成为重组的多发区,如5D的gwm358–wmc357、6D的cfd49–barc196、7A的wmc158–barc23和7B的gwm274–gwm146区段,分别有35、19、15和14次重组。分析亲本传递给子代的染色体区段,发现子代继承亲本的遗传区段在14~29个,每个区段涉及2~8个多态性位点,大的遗传区段主要分布于4A、5A、5B、5D和7D染色体。以上基因组区域的关联性状是进一步研究的重点。     

Chromosome constitution in G2 and G3 progenies of 6x-triticale × T. turgidum L. hybrids

Summary Rye chromosome constitution and stability in a series of plants of G2 and G3 generations obtained after the cross between hexaploid triticale and durum wheat (F1: 2n=5x=35; genomes AA BB R) are studied using the zymogram phenotype expression for the following isozyme marker genes: Mdh-2c1 (1R), Cpx-c2 (2R), Got-3-c1 (3R), Pgm-c1 (4R), Est-c6 (6R), Got-2-c1 (6R), Acph-c1 (7R) and Got-1-c1 (7R). The results were corroborated using C-banding in a sample of the plant population studied and make clear the utility of biochemical methods in quick cytogenetic analysis. From the results, a different rate of transmission for each rye chromosome is inferred.     

Genetic variation in barley of crossability with wheat and its quantitative trait loci analysis

To study genetic variation in crossability, 80 barley accessions of diverse geographic origin consisting of 50 wild barleys (H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum or ssp. agriocrithon) and 30 cultivated barleys (H. vulgare ssp. vulgare) were crossed as the male parent with a highly crossable wheat variety, Shinchunaga. Crossabilities, expressed as the percentage of pollinated florets giving embryo-containing caryopses, ranged from 0% to 68.6%. Barley accessions from East Asia had generally a low crossability, while barley accessions from other regions exhibited a wider range of crossability including highly crossable genotypes. No significant difference in mean crossability was found between wild and cultivated barleys. To estimate the number and location of barley genes controlling the crossability, doubled haploid lines derived from the cross between the barley varieties Steptoe and Morex were crossed as the male parent with wheat. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using molecular markers identified four QTL. These were mapped to the centromeric regions of chromosomes 2H, 3H and 5H and the short arm of chromosome 7H. The QTL on chromosomes 3H and 5H had larger effects than those on chromosomes 2H and 7H. The four QTL collectively explained 35.4% of the total variance under a multiple QTL model. Relationships of the QTL identified in the present study with previously reported crossability genes of barley and wheat are discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

普通小麦籽粒黄色素含量的QTL分析

小麦面粉黄色度b*值是反映面粉颜色的重要指标，主要与籽粒黄色素含量有关。利用122对SSR引物、4对贮藏蛋白STS引物和10对AFLP引物组合，分析了中优9507´CA9632的71个DH系，构建了由173个位点组成的遗传连锁图，在小麦21个连锁群上覆盖2 881 cM。将该群体种植2年共计5个地点，测定籽粒黄色素和面粉黄色度b*值含量。采用复合区间作图法（CIM）进行了籽粒黄色素含量和面粉黄色度QTL分析。结果表明，面粉黄色度b*值的QTL位于染色体1DS、2DL、3A、4D、5D、6AL、6D和7AL上，其中7AL的QTL效应最大，贡献率为12.9%~37.6%；籽粒黄色素含量的QTL位于染色体2DL、3DL、4A、5A和7AL，其中7AL的QTL效应最大，贡献率为12.1%~33.9%。面粉黄色度b*值与籽粒黄色素含量共同的QTL位于7AL，与Xgwm264b紧密连锁，遗传距离分别为0~3.9 cM和0~0.9 cM。