周豆12号

品种来源：豫豆24号×豫豆12号（花粉管通道法杂交）特征特性：生育期105天,属于中熟夏大豆品种。有限结荚习性,株高75cm左右,主茎有效节数15节左右,有效分枝数2-3个。单株荚数43.8个,单株粒数78.8粒。百粒重23.2g。植株着生灰色茸毛,紫花。子粒黄色、近圆形,脐色褐色。脂肪含量22.81％,蛋白质含量40.39％。     

高产稳产旱地豌豆新品种定豌12号选育报告

为培育出抗旱、抗病、丰产稳产、优质、适应性广的豌豆新品种，为我国北方干旱半干旱区豌豆品种的更新换代提供支撑。以8707-15为母本、S9114为父本，采用杂交选育法培育出旱地豌豆新品种定豌12号。在2018 — 2020年多点试验中，3 a 15点(次)折合平均产量2 404.5 kg/hm2，较对照品种定豌4号增产12.54%；在2020 — 2021年国家春播豌豆新品种联合鉴定试验中，2 a 14点(次)折合平均产量2 842.4 kg/hm2，较对照品种中豌6号增产32.61%。该品种平均株高107.5 cm，生育期92 d左右，主茎节数16.1节，单株有效荚数6.1个，单荚粒数4.9粒，百粒重21.7 g，经济性状优良。干籽粒含粗蛋白219.5 g/kg、赖氨酸13.9 g/kg、粗脂肪12.3 g/kg、粗淀粉567 g/kg。抗旱、抗白粉病、抗锈病，丰产、稳产性好。适宜在甘肃中部干旱、半干旱地区及其同类地区推广种植。     

吉育407

审定编号：国审豆2013006品种名称：吉育407选育单位：吉林省农业科学院大豆研究所品种来源：九交8866－12,铁90035－17特征特性：高油型中熟春大豆品种,北方春播生育期平均126天,比对照九农21晚1天。株型收敛,亚有限结荚习性。株高85．9cm,主茎17．0节,有效分枝0．4个,底荚高度14．9cm,单株有效荚数46个,单株粒数108．7粒,单株粒重17．7g,百粒重16．6g。尖叶,白花,灰毛。籽粒圆形,种皮黄色,种脐褐色。人工接种鉴定,中抗花叶病毒病1号株系,感花叶病毒病3号株系,中抗胞囊线虫病3号生理小种。粗蛋白含量38．17％,粗脂肪含量22．59％。     

中黄46

审定编号：国审豆2013008品种名称：中黄46选育单位：中国农业科学院作物科学研究所品种来源：ti15176／Century－2．3特征特性：普通型夏大豆品种,黄淮海夏播生育期平均104天,比对照品种冀豆12早1天。株型收敛,亚有限结荚习性。株高85．0cm,主茎16．5节,有效分枝1．8个,底荚高度15．9cm,单株有效荚数35．9个,单株粒数76．5粒,单株粒重18．0g,百粒重24．2g。披针叶,白花,灰毛。籽粒椭圆形,种皮黄色、有光,种脐褐色。接种鉴定,中感花叶病毒病3号和7号株系,中感胞囊线虫病1号生理小种。粗蛋白含量41．83％,粗脂肪含量21.48％。     

糜子新品种陇糜21号选育报告

为了给生产上提供高产稳产、抗旱抗病、品质优良的糜子新品种。以糜子自育品种陇糜7号为母本、从宁夏农业科学院固原分院引进的品种宁糜15号为父本,采用有性杂交后经多年系统选育育成的高产、抗逆的糜子新品种陇糜21号。2021年在甘肃省灵台县、会宁县、静宁县、华池县、陇西县、合水县等6个试点进行的生产试验中,陇糜1号平均折合产量3 619.00 kg/hm2,比对照品种陇糜14号增产11.47%。在2021 — 2022年国家糜子品种糯性组区域试验中,2 a平均折合产量3 391.35 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇糜14号增产10.91%。该品种生育期104~113 d,株高148.3~167.7 cm,主茎节数6.2~7.7节。主穗长29.2~34.1 cm,侧穗。花序绿色,籽粒黄色,卵圆形,米色黄色。穗粒重7.0~8.3 g,千粒重8.0~9.3 g。适宜在甘肃省庆阳、平凉、白银、定西,陕西省榆林、延安,内蒙古达拉特旗和宁夏固原等地及相似生态地区种植。     

播期密度互作对红小豆产量及农艺性状的影响

为探讨晋西生态区连作地春播红小豆栽培技术,以红小豆新品种汾小豆2号为材料,采用3个播期(主区)和5个密度(副区)的二因素裂区试验设计,研究不同播期和密度对连作红小豆产量及农艺性状的影响.结果表明,在同一播期下随播种密度的增加,红小豆株高呈增加趋势,而茎粗、主茎分枝、主茎节数均呈减少趋势,荚长和荚宽变化不大且没有规律.随...     

胡麻新品种陇亚14号选育报告

陇亚14号是甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所以1S为母本、品系89259为父本杂交选育而成的胡麻新品种。在2013 — 2014年甘肃省胡麻区域试验中,2 a 20点(次)有16点(次)增产,折合平均产量1 855.65 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇亚10号(折合产量1 626.75 kg/hm2)增产14.07%,居11个参试品种(系)第1位。该品种为油用型,幼苗直立,株型紧凑。株高59.8 cm,工艺长度35.0 cm,分枝数5.8枝,单株果数24.1个,果粒数7.2粒,千粒重8.1 g,单株产量0.95 g。生育期93～123 d。生长整齐一致,抗旱、抗倒伏,综合农艺性状优良。适宜在甘肃兰州、天水、平凉、庆阳以及内蒙、新疆、河北等全国胡麻主产区种植。     

糜子新品种陇糜13号选育报告

陇糜13号是2003年以会宁大黄糜为母本,以系选优系8711-1-3-2-2为父本进行有性杂交,经过多年水旱穿梭选育和多点鉴定,育成的高产稳产糜子新品种。生育期117～126 d,平均株高165.4 cm,穗长35.2 cm,茎粗0.60 cm,主茎可见节数7.1节,株有效穗数1.0个,单株穗重9.29 g,单穗粒重6.34 g,千粒重8.0 g,单株草重14.28 g,出谷率68.25%。黄米水分含量10.61%(干基)、粗蛋白含量178 g/kg(干基)、粗脂肪含量40.3 g/kg(干基)、粗淀粉含量739.1 g/kg(干基)、赖氨酸含量3.6 g/kg(干基)、铁含量75.5 mg/kg(干基)。在甘肃省多点区域试验中,陇糜13号2 a 14点(次)折合产量3 814.95 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇糜10号增产12.27%。人工接种鉴定,黑穗病发病株率2.01%,表现高抗黑穗病。适宜在甘肃省庆阳、平凉、白银、定西等地及其相似生态区海拔1 650～ 1 900 m的地区春播、海拔1 200～1 400 m的地区复种。     

播种密度对甘肃东部夏播大豆产量和水分利用效率的影响

为提高旱作区夏播大豆种植效益,充分有效利用当地自然降水资源,在甘肃东部选择2个不同株型大豆品种,进行适宜种植密度研究。结果表明,随种植密度增加,株高、分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数逐渐下降,底荚高度逐渐升高。播种密度对主茎节数、荚粒数、百粒重无显著影响。在设计密度13.5万株～31.5万株/hm2范围内,中黄30适宜种植密度为27.0万株/hm2,晋豆19为22.5万株/hm2。适宜的种植密度能够显著提高大豆籽粒产量和田间水分利用率。     

不同种植行距对干旱半干旱区荞麦农艺性状及产量的影响

为筛选出白银市干旱半干旱区荞麦的适宜种植行距,以平荞2号为指示品种,研究分析了不同种植行距对荞麦主要性状及产量的影响。结果表明,不同行距处理与荞麦农艺性状及产量指标的相关性从大到小的顺序依次为株高(r=0.774)、分枝数(r=0.623)、产量(r=0.358)、主茎节数(r=0.312)、千粒重(r=-0.131)、单株粒重(r=-0.354)。总的来看,行距与株高、分枝数、产量有较高的相关性。播量120万粒/hm2的条件下,种植行距为25 cm时荞麦折合产量最高,为2 191.20 kg/hm2,与行距为20、30 cm的处理差异均不显著,与行距为15 cm的处理差异显著。     

蚕豆6×6双列杂交子代主要性状的遗传效应分析

为提高蚕豆优势组合的选配效率,以6个蚕豆材料(P1~P6)为亲本,采用Griffing完全双列杂交配制30个组合,分析亲本和F₁的9个主要农艺性状的杂种优势、配合力和遗传力。结果表明,蚕豆产量相关农艺性状的杂种优势明显,分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数、百粒重和单株产量的超亲优势为正值,株高、始荚高和主茎节数的超亲优势为负值。配合力效应分析表明,P1和P2为选育大粒高产的优良亲本,P1×P2和P4×P6符合高产的育种目标,P2×P5和P2×P6符合大粒的育种目标;遗传力分析表明,百粒重、每荚粒数和单株粒数的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高,可以相对稳定地遗传给后代,且这3个性状主要受加性效应控制,适宜进行早代选择,其他性状主要受非加性效应影响;主要性状与单株产量的相关分析表明,蚕豆育种应将单株荚数和单株粒数作为重点目标;通径分析表明,在育种过程中应重点关注分枝数、株高、百粒重、每荚粒数等农艺性状。本研究为蚕豆育种进程中的亲本选配和后代选择提供了一定的理论依据。     

播期对高蛋白大豆新品种(系)农艺性状、品质及产量的影响

为明确高蛋白大豆新品种(系)在黄淮海区的适宜播期,本研究以黄淮海地区高蛋白大豆新品种(系)圣豆18、圣豆24、菏豆37、菏豆38为试验材料,设置不同播期试验,研究不同播期对各大豆品种(系)生育期、农艺性状、干物质积累、籽粒品质及产量的影响。结果表明,播期推迟,出苗至始花期缩短幅度较大,大豆全生育期缩短;大豆株高、底荚高、主茎节数随播期推迟均逐渐降低;各大豆品种植株有效分枝、有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重、百粒重、根干重、茎干重、豆荚干重、植株总干重、籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量以及产量均随着播期推迟呈先升后降的趋势,且随着播期推迟,豆荚干重变化幅度较大,根、茎干重所占比例均逐渐缩小,豆荚干重所占比例均逐渐增大;播期对籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量、产量的影响均占主导地位;圣豆18、圣豆24、菏豆37、菏豆38均在6月15日播种时产量最高,分别为3 940.95、3 750.24、 3 252.37、3 905.54 kg·hm^-2,且单株粒重与产量相关性最大。综上可知,只有适期播种,大豆营养生长和生殖生长才能实现合理过渡,促使植株生长、干物质积累及分配等达到最佳状态,从而保证大豆优质高产,进而推动大豆及高蛋白大豆产业发展。     

植物生长调节剂对赤豆鼓粒期光合特性及氮代谢的影响

为探讨植物生长调节剂对赤豆(Vigna angularis)鼓粒期叶片光合特性及氮代谢的影响,进一步挖掘调节剂增产的作用机理,于2018和2019年进行田间试验,以龙垦2号赤豆为试验材料,在初花期叶面喷施浓度均为50 mg·L^-1的促进型调节剂2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(DTA-6)和延缓型调节剂烯效唑(S3307),以喷施清水为对照(CK),研究植物生长调节剂对赤豆鼓粒期植株形态、光合参数、氮代谢相关指标以及产量的调控效应。结果表明,DTA-6和S3307增加了赤豆鼓粒期的单株干物质积累量。DTA-6处理的叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)、蒸腾速率均优于S3307处理,DTA-6显著提高了可溶性糖含量,同时增加了赤豆株高;而S3307处理的叶片净光合速率显著高于DTA-6。两调节剂处理的叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性也显著提高,施用S3307显著提高了叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,且对GDH活性的促进效果显著高于DTA-6处理。两调节剂均提高了赤豆叶片硝态氮含量和氮素积累量。DTA-6和S3307可不同程度地调控赤豆的产量构成因素,S3307主要促进花荚数增多,DTA-6主要提高单株粒数和单株粒重。综上,DTA-6和S3307通过提高赤豆鼓粒期叶片光合作用水平,可有效调控叶片氮代谢能力,进而促进赤豆的生长发育,显著提高产量。本研究结果为化控技术在农业生产上的推广应用提供了科学依据。     

Resistance to powdery mildew in populations of barley landraces from Morocco

Forty-eight populations of barley landraces collected from Morocco were screened for resistance to powdery mildew and a number of different resistance genes were detected. Landraces originated from the collection of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas – ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. Twenty populations of tested landraces (about 42%) showed resistance reactions and 46 single plant lines were selected. Fourteen of these lines were tested in the seedling stage with 17 and another 32 lines with 23 differential isolates of powdery mildew, respectively. The isolates were chosen according to their virulence spectra observed on the Pallas isolines differential set. Five lines originating from five populations of landraces showed resistance to all prevalent in Europe powdery mildew virulence genes. Thirty-five lines (76%) showed resistance reaction type 2. The distribution of reaction type scores indicated that about 81% of all reaction types observed were classified as powdery mildew resistance (scores 0, 1 and 2). In forty-one lines (89%) the presence of unknown genes alone or in combination with a specific one was detected. Four different resistance alleles (Mlat, Mla6, Mla14 and Mla22) were postulated to be present in the tested lines alone or in combination. Among specific resistance alleles the most common was allele Mlat (resistance Atlas). This allele was postulated to be present in twenty-three (50%) tested lines. The use of new identified sources of resistance to powdery mildew in barley breeding is discussed.     

EFFECTS OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS APPLICATION ON GRAIN YIELD,LEAF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN SOYBEAN CULTIVARS

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic amendments on grain yield, leaf chlorophyll content, and some morphological characteristics of three soybean cultivars in Mazandaran province located at north of Iran in 2006. Chemical fertilizer (75 kg ha^?1 potassium sulfate and triple superphosphate), two levels of municipal solid waste, vermicompost and sewage sludge biosolid (20 and 40 Mg ha^?1) enriched with%50 chemical fertilizers needed by soil were applied to soybean cultivars (‘032’ and ‘033’ promising lines and ‘JK’ cultivar). The experiment was carried out in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Some important plant characters such as grain yield, leaf chlorophyll content, number of branches, number of nodes on the main stem, length of internodes, stem diameter, first pod height and plant height were determined. Results showed that application of 40 Mg ha^?1 sewage sludge enriched with chemical fertilizers increased plant grain yield and stem diameter and application of 40 Mg ha^?1 vermicompost enriched with half chemical fertilizer increased the number of nodes on the main stem, significantly. The maximum length of internodes, first pod height and plant height were obtained when the 40 Mg ha^?1 sewage sludge and vermicompost enriched with half chemical fertilizer in ‘032’ line was used. Biomass, number of branches, stem diameter, number of nodes on the main stem of soybean cultivars had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield.     

东乡野生稻BIL群体孕穗期抗旱性综合评价

以协青早B//东乡野生稻/协青早B回交重组系(Backcross Inbred Lines,BIL)为材料,测定了水分胁迫和非水分胁迫2种环境下株高、有效穗、穗长、穗总粒数、穗实粒数、着粒密度、结实率、千粒重、单株产量、叶片相对含水量和卷叶级别11个抗旱相关性状,经方差分析显示,除穗长外,其余产量相关性状对水分胁迫均表现为敏感或极为敏感。采用基于主成分分析的隶属函数综合评价法分析表明,BIL群体中337、186、275、174、207、306、255、219、236、332株系不仅抗旱性强,而且产量高,可作为水稻高产抗旱遗传改良材料进行深入研究。以抗旱性综合评价值为因变量,各单项指标相对值为自变量,建立了评价群体抗旱性的最优回归方程,筛选出结实率、单株产量和叶片含水量3个性状与水稻抗旱性相关显著,可作为孕穗期抗旱性鉴定指标。     

改进Faster R-CNN的田间苦瓜叶部病害检测

为实现在自然环境条件下对苦瓜叶部病害的目标检测,该研究提出了一种基于改进的更快速区域卷积神经网络(Faster Region with Convolutional Neural Network Features,Faster R-CNN)的苦瓜叶部病害目标检测方法。Faster R-CNN以残差结构卷积神经网络Res Net-50作为该次试验的特征提取网络,将其所得特征图输入到区域建议网络提取区域建议框,并且结合苦瓜叶部病害尺寸小的特点,对原始的Faster R-CNN进行修改,增加区域建议框的尺寸个数,并在ResNet-50的基础下融入了特征金字塔网络(Feature Pyramid Networks,FPN)。结果表明,该方法训练所得的深度学习网络模型具有良好的鲁棒性,平均精度均值(Mean Average Precision,MAP)值为78.85%;融入特征金字塔网络后,所得模型的平均精度均值为86.39%,提高了7.54%,苦瓜健康叶片、白粉病、灰斑病、蔓枯病、斑点病的平均精确率(Average Precision,AP)分别为89.24%、81.48%、83.31%、88.62%和89.28%,在灰斑病检测精度上比之前可提高了16.56%,每幅图像的检测时间达0.322s,保证检测的实时性。该方法对复杂的自然环境下的苦瓜叶部病害检测具有较好的鲁棒性和较高的精度,对瓜果类疾病预防有重要的研究意义。     

EFFECTS OF CARBONIZED CHICKEN MANURE ON THE GROWTH,NODULATION, YIELD,NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CONTENTS OF FOUR GRAIN LEGUMES

The effects of carbonized chicken manure (CCM) on the growth, nodulation, yield, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents of four grain legumes (soybean, cowpea, common bean and adzuki bean) were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. Carbonized chicken manure produced from chicken manure dried in a furnace at 450°C was used in this experiment. The manure was incorporated into the sandy loam soil of each grain legume at two rates (0 kg N ha^?1 and 100 kg N ha^?1) three weeks before sowing. Growth, nodulation and total biomass N and P were evaluated at peak flowering stage of growth. The CCM showed positive effects on nodule number and weight of soybean and cowpea while it depressed nodule number in adzuki bean. Biomass total N content of soybean and cowpea increased with CCM supply while it decreased in adzuki bean. Biomass and seed total P content of soybean, cowpea and adzuki bean all increased in response to CCM application. Soybean and cowpea seed yields increased by 27% and 43% respectively in response to CCM supply. There was a strong positive correlation between seed P content and seed yield of soybean which indicates the importance of elemental P to soybean seed yield. No such phenomenon was observed in adzuki bean. A strong positive correlation was also observed between seed total N content and seed yield of the grain legumes. The results indicate that although common bean had the highest biomass total P content at peak flowering stage both vegetative and reproductive growth were poor due to the unsuitably high day/night temperatures in the greenhouse. Application of CCM slightly depressed yield of adzuki bean due to the reduction in the number of pods per pot and the 100 seed weight. This study shows that CCM is a good source of N and P for the growth, nodulation and yield of some grain legumes particularly soybean and cowpea.     

冬小麦新品种长6388选育报告

由于干旱和极端天气等不利因素的影响及种植面积的不断缩减,限制了小麦产量和质量的进一步提升,亟需培育出高产、优质、多抗、广适性小麦新品种。山西农业大学谷子研究所2008年选用自育旱地冬小麦品种长8744作母本、水地冬小麦品种长4738作父本进行杂交,后代采用水旱交叉选育法、入选单株评鉴采用田间选择和室内鉴定相结合的方法育成了冬小麦新品种长6388。2016 — 2018年参加山西省中部晚熟冬麦区旱地组区域试验,2 a 12点(次)平均折合产量5 472.0 kg/hm2,较对照品种长6878增产9.8%。2017 — 2018年度参加山西省中部冬麦区旱地生产试验,平均折合产量4 525.5 kg/hm2,较对照品种长6878增产5.1%。该品种株高88 cm,穗长7.8 cm,平均成穗数675万穗/hm2,穗粒数30粒,千粒重42 g。中感条锈病、叶锈病、白粉病,抗旱性1～2级。适宜在山西中部晚熟冬麦区旱地及北方生态类似地区种植。