咸阳地区猪瘟病毒 E2基因扩增与序列分析

为了解陕西咸阳地区猪瘟流行毒株 E2基因变异情况，采用套式 PCR 方法，扩增了17个流行毒株和2个市售疫苗毒株 E2基因主要抗原区，并进行了序列比对分析。结果表明，17个流行毒株和兔化弱毒株（HCLV）株相比，E2基因主要抗原区核苷酸同源性在79．0％～80．9％，氨基酸同源性在80．0％～84．4％。市售疫苗和 HCLV 株核苷酸同源性为93．4％，氨基酸同源性为90．0％。系统发育树分析发现17个流行毒株同属基因Ⅱ群。流行毒株与 HCLV 相应氨基酸位点相比，总体变异氨基酸位点占26．4％，呈现出典型的变异特征。17个流行毒株在2个氨基酸关键位点出现了705（T→I）、729（L→A）变异现象，可能导致抗原性发生改变。发现 E2蛋白高保守序列 RYLASLH（713～719）变异现象，即 XYSY01株719位发生了 H→R 变异。结果提示，近年陕西咸阳地区猪瘟病毒流行毒株变异较为一致，E2基因核苷酸与编码氨基酸有较明显的变异。     

猪瘟病毒石门株不同代次E2基因主要抗原编码区序列差异分析

利用RT－PCR及序列测定对猪瘟病毒石门株不同代次毒株E2基因主要抗原编码区及同一代次不同年代主要抗原编码区序列进行了分析，结果所有毒株E2基因主要抗原编码区序列呈现较高的同源性，石门株不同代次毒株E2基因主要抗原编码区核苷酸及氨基酸同源性分别为97．7％－100％，97．3％－100％；同一代次不同年代主要抗原编码区序列核苷酸及氨基酸同源性均为98．6％－100％。只有3个代次毒株发生较小的变异，核苷酸及氨基酸呈现1－3个碱基或氨基酸的变异，其他代次的毒株序列完全一致。初步证实了猪瘟病毒分子结构的遗传稳定性，说明猪瘟病毒的变异可能更多的与种群病毒的优势选择有关。     

伪狂犬病病毒Fa株gp63（gI） 基因核苷酸序列测定及分析

对我国最早分离的伪犬病病毒（pseudorabies virus,PRV)Fa株糖蛋白gp63(gI)基因核苷酸序列及的氨基酸序列作了测定与分析，完整的gp63(gI)结构基因从起始密码子ATG到终止密码子TGA共有1050个核苷酸残基，编码由439个氨基酸残基构成的多肽链，4种核苷酸残基的构成比分别为：G35．9％，11.33%,T11.81%,C40.95%,G C含量达76．85％，PRV Fa株gp63基因核苷酸序列与Nice株的相比，两者同源性达98．13％，仅存在3个核苷酸残基的缺失变异，氨基酸推导序列分析表明，糖蛋白gp63具有典型膜蛋白特征，与Nice株相比，同源性为97．42％，gp63基因起始密码子由3个连续的ATG组成，ATG上游区域内无启动子调控区序列。     

马传染性贫血病毒强毒株gag和gp45基因的体内进化分析

为研究马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)强毒株体内进化规律,将3匹马分别以1×105 TCID50/匹接种EIAVLN40强毒株后,在不同时间点采取外周血,分离单核白细胞。提取白细胞中的DNA,并以其为模板,应用套式PCR技术分别扩增EIAV前病毒DNA的p15,p9和gp45基因,经克隆后进行序列分析。结果显示,与接种前EIAVLN40相比较,p15基因核苷酸和氨基酸平均差异率分别为1.8%(0～2.9%)和1.7%(0～3.6%);p9分别为2.5%(0.3%～3.8%)和2.9%(0～4.8%);gp45-Ⅰ分别为1.3%(0.3%～2.1%)和1.8%(0～3.2%),gp45-Ⅱ分别为2.1%(0～3.4%)和2.6%(0～4.7%)。在EIA发热期,每个基因核苷酸和氨基酸差异率最小;在亚临床阶段,每个基因平均差异率总体上相对较高。氨基酸变异位点分析发现,发病期(2-2、3-1)各基因氨基酸序列回复到亲本株EIAVLN40,其余时期p15基因氨基酸稳定变异位点16N/S、88T/S和112M/E;p9基因115E/G和122K/M;gp45-Ⅰ基因9T/F/L;gp45-Ⅱ基因21E/K和29G/S。此外,p15基因进化树结果显示,发热期(2-2、3-1)p15基因序列与EIAVLN40序列处于同一分支上,亚临床阶段大多数p15基因序列处于另一个大分支上;其他基因进化情况与p15基因类似。对EIAV p15、p9、gp45基因体内进化分析,有助于对EIAV在马体内感染进程的研究,为进一步研究EIAV持续感染和逃避免疫监视的机制提供参考。     

内源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒NM株gag基因的克隆、序列分析及蛋白结构预测

提取内源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒内蒙古分离株（NM）总DNA，参照GenBank中内源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒enJS56A1株gag基因序列设计1对引物。应用PCR技术特异性地扩增出病毒的gag基因片段，将其克隆到pMD19-T载体中进行测序得到完整的gag基因序列，并用DNAStar软件进行序列分析，分析结果表明，与内源性南非代表毒株enJS56A1（AF153615）的gag基因序列比较，核苷酸同源性为98．9％，推导出的氨基酸同源性为98．4％。与外源性美国代表株JSRV21（AF105220）的gag基因序列比较，核苷酸同源性为89．6％，氨基酸同源性为94．8％。利用生物信息学软件对其蛋白结构进行预测，结果表明gag-enJSRV-NM为一结构松散的蛋白分子，这也是我国首次报道的内源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒的gag基因的全序列，为我国科研工作者进行更深入的研究奠定了基础。     

中国马传染性贫血病毒DLV株前病毒gp90基因在马体内的变异分析

分别以EIAV辽宁马强毒株（EIAVliao）前病毒DNA和马传染性贫血驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株（EIAVDLV）前病毒DNA为模板,从免疫接种后不同时期马血清中利用nested—PCR技术,扩增了约1．4kb的gp90基因。将其克隆后进行了测序,测序结果表明,免疫EIAVDLV后的第1时期至第5时期,与EIAV—liao比较核苷酸序列平均差异率分别为3．2956％、3．1456oA、3．36％、3．1856％和3．6456％。EIAVliao有20个N-连接糖基化位点,EIAVDLV平均是17．2个,其中有11个N-连接糖基化位点是高度保守的。     

鸡马立克病病毒814株gE、gI、gp82基因的克隆及序列分析

从感染鸡马立克病病毒血清Ⅰ型(MDVⅠ)814株的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)中提取病毒总DNA,以其为模板,根据GenBank中MDVⅠ GA株基因组gE、gI、gp82基因序列,设计并合成3对特异性引物,用PCR方法分别扩增了814株的gE、gI、gp82基因,并将扩增的基因片段克隆到pMD18-T载体中,进行序列测定,应用DNA Star软件分析814株gE、gI、gp82基因核苷酸序列,并与已发表的MDVⅠ毒株序列进行了比较.结果表明,不同MDVⅠ毒株的gE、gI、gp82基因同源性很高,814株与已发表的MDVⅠ毒株的gE、gI、gp82基因核苷酸序列同源性分别在99.4%、98.9%和99.6%以上.     

J亚群与E亚群禽白血病自然重组病毒的全基因组序列分析

为了解我国东北地区部分养鸡场禽白血病病毒(ALV)的基因组序列特征及其变异情况,本研究从具有典型血管瘤病变的禽白血病发病鸡中分离到一株J亚群ALV(ALV-J)命名为JL0901,并进行了全基因测序.将该序列与已发表的ALV-J毒株序列进行比较研究,结果表明JL0901基因组的gag和pol基因相对保守,而env基因和3'端非编码区(3'UTR)的变异较大.对JL0901的env基因核苷酸序列进一步分析发现,在其gp85基因和gp37基因交界位置发生J亚群和E亚群ALV重组现象.本研究证实国内鸡群中存在J亚群和其他亚群ALV的自然重组现象,并表明国内ALV已出现新的变异趋势.     

马传贫病毒白细胞弱毒疫苗毒株反转录酶基因克隆及序列？…

本从商品化马传贫弱毒疫苗培养物提纯马传贫疫苗病毒粒子并抽提病毒ＲＮＡ后,采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法扩增并首次克隆了马传贫驴强毒反转录酶基因。经核苷酸序列测定得出反转录酶工一长１６６８ｂｐ,编码５５６个氨基酸。通过与已发表其它马传贫病毒反转录酶基因序列比较,发现在氨基酸和核苷酸水平差异率分别为１４．０％和１６．６％。变异氨基酸随机分布于整个基因上,无明显规律。在反转录病毒高度保守的酶基因上发现这样大的差异     

4株猪瘟流行野毒株病毒结构蛋白E2基因的核苷酸序列分析

应用RT－PCR和nPCR扩增由4株甘肃省近期（1997－1998）猪瘟流行野毒株的E2基因，将其克隆到pGEM-TEasy载体上，经转化、筛选、鉴定后，测定核苷核序列，4株流行毒株的E2基因核苷酸序列同源性为89．2％－99．7％，相应的氨基酸序列同源性为93．8％－99．0％，这4株流行毒株；与C－株（疫苗种毒）E2基因的核苷酸序列同源性为82．2％－84．3％，相应的氨基酸序列的同源性为87．9％－90．2％，表明近期猪猪瘟流行毒株与C－株的gp55蛋白之间存在一定的差异。     

马传染性贫血病毒envgp90基因在实验感染马体内的遗传变异

为确定马传染性贫血病毒（ＥＩＡＶ）ｅｎｇ ｇｐ９０基因的遗传变异特性,本研究应用ＥＬＡＶ日本分离强毒株Ｐ３３７－Ｖ７０实验感染了１匹健康马,经第２次感染后,实验马未呈现临床症状,ｇｐ９０基因的核苷酸序列被直接从这匹马的外周血和肝脏所获得的前病毒ＤＮＡ扩增。     

Proviral Genomic Variation of EIAV Envelop gp 90 Gene Observed in Experimentally Infected Horse

The present experiment was designed to observe the genetic variation of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) envelop gp 90 gene in infected horse. One horse was infected experimentally with P337-V70 strain and showed no clinical signs after being infected at twice with the same virus strain. Seventeen proviral sequences covering principal neutralizing domain (PND) of EIAV gp 90 gene were obtained from the buffy coat and liver of the horse through PCR amplification and cloning. Comparative analysis of the sequences revealed that some sequences contained the nucleotide insertions in the PND region. The insertions might be generated by direct repeat and strand displacement of sequence segment in their PND gene, showing different lenghts.     

Antibodies and PMBC from EIAV infected carrier horses recognize gp45 and p26 synthetic peptides

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus causing a persistent infection in horses characterized by recurrent febrile episodes and high levels of viremia associated with a novel antigenic strain of the virus. The virus contains two envelope glycoproteins, gp90 and gp45, and four internal proteins, p26, p15, p11 and p9. Considering that the most infected horses are able to restrict EIAV replication to very low levels and that gp45 and p26 contain highly conserved epitopes among lentiviruses, it would be necessary to identify those conserved epitopes stimulating cellular and humoral responses. The aims of this study were to determine if the synthetic peptides identified as gp45 (aa 523-547) and p26 (aa 318-346) representing two highly conserved and immunodominant regions of EIA virus are recognized by PBMC and antibodies to EIAV adult mixed-breed naturally infected carrier horses, and if these peptides are able to induce immune responses in mice. Antibodies from 100% of carrier horses, evaluated by ELISA, recognized both peptides; PBMC from 80% of carrier horses, evaluated by lymphoproliferation assay, recognized, at least, one peptide. Furthermore, immunization with 100 microg of each peptide elicited humoral and cellular responses in BALB/c mice, antibodies appeared at 48 or 63 days of immunization with gp45 or p26, respectively. Although the kinetics of gp45- and p26-specific antibody responses were similar, percentage of positivity was higher for gp45. The lymphoproliferation assay, evaluated by BrdU uptake, was higher in mice immunized with gp45 or p26 than in the control group (P<0.05). Based on our findings, we consider that both peptides could be included in an effective vaccine design to induce long-term immunological memory.     

马传染性贫血驴强毒gp90基因的克隆和序列分析

以EIAV驴强毒株D-AmRNA为模板，利用RT-PCR技术，扩增了约1．4kb的gp90基因。将其克隆后进行了测序。测序结果表明所扩增的1338个核苷酸片段含有完整的gp90基因全序列。核苷酸和氨基酸序列比较分析结果表明：D-A EIAV与国内分离株辽系强毒L株差异率仅有1．8％，而与国外毒株(克隆1369，WENVl7、WENVl6、PSPEIAVl9)核苷酸差异率在35．5％～37．2％之间；D-A株与国内分离株L株氨基酸水平差异率在2．9％，而与国外毒株氨基酸水平上的差异率在42．6％—46．0％；D-AEIAV有19个N-连接糖基化位点，L株、WENVl7和WENVl6是18个，克隆1369、WENVl6和WENVl7亲本毒株PSPEIAVl9是12个。     

Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and PCR assays for a novel European field isolate of equine infectious anaemia virus based on sequence determination of the gag gene

In 2006, an outbreak of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) occurred in Ireland. The initial source of the outbreak is believed to have been contaminated plasma imported from Italy. This paper presents the nucleotide sequence of the gag gene of the virus identified in Ireland (EIAV(Ire)), the first for a European strain of EIAV. Comparison of the gag gene with North American and Asian strains of the virus showed that the gag gene is less well conserved than previously believed, and that EIAV strains can have similar phenotypes despite considerable variations in genotype. On the basis of the deduced sequence of the EIAV(Ire) gag gene, highly sensitive, specific and quantitative RT-PCR and PCR assays were developed, and used to quantify the EIAV nucleic acid in postmortem tissues, plasma and secretions of infected horses. This is the first report of the detection and quantification of EIAV in nasal, buccal and genital swabs by RT-PCR.     

马传染性贫血野毒辽宁株前病毒全基因组核苷酸序列测定

采取马传染性贫血病毒（ＥＩＡＶ）辽宁野毒株（Ｌ株）感染马的血液,分离白细胞。提取白细胞中的ＤＮＡ,并以此为模板,利用ＰＣＲ技术分四个片段扩增 ＥＩＡＶ前病毒 ＤＮＡ。将其分别克隆到载体质粒 ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ ＳＫ中,经酶切鉴定后测序。对测序结果分析、拼接,得到 ＥＩＡＶ　 Ｌ株前病毒基因组全序列。     

马传染性贫血病病毒弱毒疫苗株感染性分子克隆的构建

采用ＰＣＲ方法分三段扩增出马传染性贫血病毒驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株（ＥＬＡＶ　 ＤＬＡ）的前病毒ＤＮＡ,这三个片段覆盖马传染性贫血病毒的全部基因组,ＰＣＲ产物经克隆后顺次连接,获得一个含有ＥＬＡＶ全基因（８．０Ｋｂ）的重组质粒,将其命名为ｐ８．０。将此８．０Ｋｂ ＥＩＡＶ全基因再亚克隆到含有一完整 ＥＩＡＶ ＤＬＡ株长末端重复序列的质粒中,获得一含有 ＥＩＡＶ驴白细胞弱毒前病毒全基因的重组质粒,将其命名为ｐ８．２,经核苷酸序列分析,证明ｐ８．２含有ＥＩＡＶ前病毒的全基因。用ｐ８．２转染驴白细胞,将其作为种毒进行传代,于感染该克隆毒的细胞培养上清中检测出了反转录酶,说明在驴白细胞中由ｐ８．２衍生出了ＥＩＡ病毒。驴白细胞经该克隆毒感染后,第４天出现病变,经透射电镜可观察到典型的马传染性贫血病毒粒子,进一步证明ｐ８．２具有感染性,我们获得了马传染性贫血病毒驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株的感染性分子克隆,为进一步在分子水平上阐明我国ＥＩＡＶ疫苗株的减毒机理和免疫保护机制奠定了基础。     

Forensic investigation of a 1986 outbreak of osteopetrosis in commercial brown layers reveals a novel avian leukosis virus-related genome

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is known to cause several neoplastic conditions in chickens, such as B-cell lymphomas, myelocytomas, erythroblastosis, and other types of neoplasia including osteopetrosis. We describe herein the identification of unique ALV-related proviral DNA sequences in an archived chicken bone affected with osteopetrosis. The osteopetrotic bone was obtained from an affected 46-week-old brown layer during an outbreak of osteopetrosis in Costa Rica in 1986. Analysis of proviral DNA in the 23-year-old osteopetrotic bone revealed unique exogenous ALV-related sequences that were named CR-1986 (Costa Rica, 1986). The 5' and 3' long terminal repeats (LTR) in the proviral DNA were identical to each other. The U3 regions in the LTRs were most similar to equivalent sequences in ALV-J, while U5 was identical to known endogenous ALV-E sequences. The predicted CR-1986 envelope protein was most similar to the envelope of myeloblastosis associated virus type 1 (MAV-1), although the percentage of amino acid sequence similarity to MAV-1 was low (90.4%). The variable and hypervariable regions of gp85 displayed several mutations compared to representative strains of ALV. The gp37 (transmembrane or TM) envelope protein showed three leucine to serine mutations that may represent important changes in the conformation of this protein, a finding that is currently being investigated. Several recombination events may have contributed to the emergence of CR-1986 because each analyzed segment was similar to a different ALV. CR-1986 may represent a unique ALV based on distinctive characteristics of its predicted envelope protein in comparison to previously reported ALVs.