寡果糖对蛋用鹌鹑生产性能、脂肪代谢、免疫和内分泌机能的影响

10月龄蛋用鹌鹑 50羽 ,随机分为对照组 (基础日粮 )和试验组 (基础日粮添加 0 9%寡果糖 ) ,研究日粮添加寡果糖 (FOS)对蛋用鹌鹑生产性能、脂肪代谢、免疫及内分泌机能的影响。结果表明 :试验组鹌鹑的产蛋率和蛋重提高 ,料蛋比下降 ;血清总胆固醇 (P <0 0 5)和蛋黄胆固醇浓度降低 ;T淋巴细胞转化率和血液中三碘甲腺原氨酸 (T3)水平显著提高 (P <0 0 5)。试验结果表明 ,寡果糖对蛋用鹌鹑产蛋性能有一定促进作用 ,显著影响脂肪代谢 ,提高细胞免疫功能 ,同时使血液中甲状腺激素水平发生显著变化。     

日粮中添加大豆黄酮对蛋鸡抗氧化能力的影响

为研究日粮中添加大豆黄酮对老龄蛋鸡的抗氧化能力 ,随机抽取 40羽 42 0日龄伊沙蛋鸡 ,分为 2组 ,对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,试验组饲喂基础日粮 +大豆黄酮 (6mg/kg) ,试验期为 30d。结果显示 :与对照组相比 ,试验组蛋鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)水平提高了 6 2 4 % (P <0 0 5) ;肝脏组织及下丘脑组织中SOD变化不明显。试验组蛋鸡血清中丙二醛 (MDA)水平降低了 1 8 48% (P <0 0 5) ;肝脏和下丘脑组织中MDA水平分别降低了 34 48% (P <0 0 1 )和 2 5 0 7% (P <0 0 5)。同时 ,日粮中添加大豆黄酮后 ,蛋鸡产蛋率提高了 1 4 41 % (P <0 0 5) ,料蛋比降低了 6 2 5 % (P <0 0 5)。表明日粮中添加大豆黄酮可在一定程度上提高老龄蛋鸡机体的抗氧化能力和生产性能     

不同来源大豆黄酮对肉用鹌鹑生产性能及有关免疫指标的影响

10 8羽鹌鹑随机分为 3组 ,每组 3个重复。在日粮中分别添加 5mg/kg人工合成的大豆黄酮和 2 0mg/kg从大豆中提取的大豆黄酮 ,与对照组相比 1 4d后 ,鹌鹑增重均显著提高 (P <0 0 5) ,采食量没有变化 ,料重比有降低的趋势 ;同时天然类大豆黄酮组法氏囊指数及新城疫抗体滴度趋于提高     

大豆黄酮对产蛋鸡免疫功能的影响

选用 1 4 4只体况良好、产蛋率、体重相近的 5 0周龄海兰褐产蛋鸡 ,随机分成 4组 ,每组设 4个重复 ,每个重复 9只鸡。以玉米 豆粕 杂粕型日粮为基础日粮 ,对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,各试验组分别在基础日粮中添加 1 0 ,2 0 ,3 0mg/kg大豆黄酮。试验结束时测定T淋巴细胞数量和ND HI抗体滴度 ,并计算免疫器官指数。试验结果表明 ,2 0mg/kg大豆黄酮组显著提高产蛋鸡的脾脏指数 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并提高产蛋鸡ND HI抗体滴度和E玫瑰花环百分率(P >0 .0 5 ) ;3 0mg/kg大豆黄酮组显著提高产蛋鸡ND HI抗体滴度 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并提高产蛋鸡的脾脏指数和E玫瑰花环百分率。所以 ,日粮添加大豆黄酮可提高产蛋鸡体液免疫功能 ,对细胞免疫功能有提高趋势     

大豆黄酮在蛋鸡饲料中的安全性评价:生产性能、蛋品质和繁殖器官发育

本试验旨在研究高剂量大豆黄酮对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和繁殖器官发育安全性的影响。选取体重、产蛋率相近的56周龄海兰褐蛋鸡640只,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加10、50、100mg/kg大豆黄酮的试验饲粮。预试期3周,试验期12周。结果表明:大豆黄酮添加量显著影响了蛋鸡死亡率、产蛋率、产蛋量和料蛋比(P<0.05),其中产蛋率(P=0.029)、产蛋量(P=0.003)和料蛋比(P=0.019)均与大豆黄酮添加量呈显著二次曲线关系,达到最佳产蛋率、产蛋量和料蛋比时,饲粮中大豆黄酮添加量分别为72.50、46.50和59.52mg/kg。3个与钙代谢相关的蛋品质指标(蛋壳厚度、蛋壳比例和蛋壳强度)受大豆黄酮添加量影响显著(P<0.05)。大豆黄酮添加量也显著影响了输卵管指数(P<0.05)。由此可见,产蛋后期饲喂高剂量大豆黄酮对蛋鸡采食量、蛋品质和繁殖器官发育没有负面影响,对产蛋率、产蛋量和料蛋比的最高限量建议值为72.50、46.50和59.52mg/kg。     

日粮中长期添加大豆黄酮对产蛋鸡产蛋性能及有关内分泌的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中长期添加大豆黄酮对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡采食和生产性能的影响及有关内分泌机制。40羽180日龄产蛋鸡,均分为2组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+大豆黄酮(6mg/kg),试验期为150d。结果显示:试验组蛋鸡采食量、产蛋率、只日蛋重、每枚蛋重均显著提高,料蛋比显著下降;血清17β-雌二醇、T3、T4水平均显著提高,而血清瘦素(leptin)水平有下降的趋势。试验结果表明,大豆黄酮可调控血液激素水平而提高产蛋鸡生产性能,并使产蛋高峰期得到延长。     

大豆黄酮对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、血液指标和经济效益的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加大豆黄酮对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、血液指标、经济效益的影响。选取体重、产蛋率相近的56周龄海兰褐蛋鸡640只,随机分为4组(每组8个重复,每个重复20只),对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加10、50、100 mg/kg大豆黄酮的试验饲粮,试验期12周。结果表明:添加10 mg/kg大豆黄酮能极显著提高蛋重(P<0.01);添加50 mg/kg大豆黄酮能极显著提高产蛋率、降低料蛋比(P<0.01)。添加大豆黄酮显著提高了蛋鸡血清总蛋白、磷、钙、总胆固醇含量(P<0.05),对采食量、血液常规指标及血清白蛋白含量、谷草转氨酶活性、甘油三酯含量、葡萄糖含量、碱性磷酸酶活性、雌二醇水平和孕酮水平影响均不显著(P>0.05)。从经济效益上看,添加50 mg/kg大豆黄酮最好。由此可知,在蛋鸡产蛋后期饲粮中添加50 mg/kg大豆黄酮可以改善生产性能,且能够获得较佳的经济效益。     

大豆黄酮对肉种鸡产蛋和繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在探索添加大豆黄酮后对肉种鸡产蛋和繁殖性能的影响。选取43周龄体况接近一致(体重、产蛋率)的肉种鸡S2系母鸡240只,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只:选取1组作为对照组,饲喂无大豆黄酮的基础饲粮,其余3组分别在基础饲粮基础上添加5、10、20 mg/kg大豆黄酮。再挑选20只强健的S2系公鸡采集精液,混精对试验鸡进行人工授精,试验期为15周。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)添加大豆黄酮对S2系母鸡体增重、采食量及死亡率无显著影响(P0.05)。2)添加大豆黄酮后能显著提高产蛋率(P0.05),其中10 mg/kg组产蛋率提高了4.1%(P0.05),日产蛋量提高了3.5%(P0.05),为3组最佳。5、10 mg/kg组料蛋比分别降低了8.0%和11.2%(P0.05)。3)10 mg/kg组受精率、孵化率和健雏率分别提高了13.1%、20.5%和5.8%(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加大豆黄酮能显著影响肉种鸡产蛋和繁殖性能,其中10 mg/kg组综合效果最佳。     

大豆黄酮对白羽番鸭繁殖性能及相关激素水平的影响

在基础日粮中分别添加6mg/kg和12mg/kg大豆黄酮饲喂44周龄的白羽番鸭.结果发现:6mg/kg大豆黄酮组番鸭产蛋率显著提高(P＜0.01),血清孕硐和T3水平上升(P＜0.01),而12mg/kg大豆黄酮组番鸭产蛋率呈下降趋势;两试验组种蛋受精率和孵化率均明显下降.试验结果表明:大豆黄酮可通过调节体内激素分泌,进而影响番鸭的生殖功能.     

抗热应激剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和血清过氧化物状态的影响

本试验选取 2 1日龄健康岭南黄羽肉鸡 75 0只 ,随机分为 5组 ,每组 3个重复 ,每重复 5 0只鸡 (公母各半 )。试验采用玉米 豆粕型基础饲粮 ,在基础饲粮中添加不同的抗热应激剂形成各试验饲粮 ,第 1组为对照组 ,不添加抗热应激剂 ;第 2 ,3,4和 5组分别添加 5 0 0mg/kg维生素C、10mg/kg大豆黄酮、80 0 μg/kg的吡啶甲酸铬、2g/kg酸肥灵 ,各组饲粮营养水平一致。试验期 4 2d。结果表明 ,2 1～ 4 2日龄阶段 ,维生素C组和大豆黄酮组试鸡平均日增重显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;4 2～ 6 3日龄阶段 ,添加酸肥灵组试鸡平均日增重、饲料转化率分别提高 12 .0 4 % ,6 .2 1% (P >0 .0 5 )。添加酸肥灵使试鸡 4 2日龄血清SOD浓度极显著提高 (P <0 .0 1) ,6 3日龄血清丙二醛含量显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,补充有机铬显著提高试鸡谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

饲用金霉素对肉仔鸡免疫系统生长发育及免疫反应的研究

试验用１日龄ＡＡ商品代肉用公雏５４０只,随机分成３组,每组１８０只,分成１２个重复（１５只／重复）,其中６个重复用作生产性能测定,另６个重复用于测定免疫学指标。在日粮中分别添加０（Ａ组）、５０（Ｂ组）、１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（Ｃ组）的金霉素（Ｃｈｌｏｒｔｅｔｒａｃｙｃｌｉｎｅ,ＣＴＣ）。试验表明：（１）在肉久日粮中添加１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ＣＴＣ,可以显著地提高肉伍鸡的增重速率和饲料转化效率（Ｐ〈０．０１）     

CT2000、T101在集约化鸡场的应用及其对蛋壳品质的影响

1 50 0只 455日龄伊莎褐蛋鸡 ,随机分为对照组、CT2 0 0 0组和T1 0 1组 3组。各组日粮处理分别为 :对照组为基础日粮 ;CT2 0 0 0组为基础日粮 +40 0mg/kgCT2 0 0 0 ;T1 0 1组为基础日粮 +1 0mg/kgT1 0 1。试验为期 9周。结果表明 :与对照组比较 ,CT2 0 0 0、T1 0 1可显著提高产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能 ;CT2 0 0 0组蛋壳厚度平均增加 0 0 0 3cm (P <0 0 1 ) ,蛋壳强度提高 0 0 4 1kg/cm2 (P <0 0 1 ) ;T1 0 1组蛋壳厚度平均增加 0 0 0 2cm (P <0 0 1 ) ,蛋壳强度提高 0 0 9kg/cm2 ,但各组蛋形指数无显著变化 (P >0 0 5)。结论 :CT2 0 0 0与T1 0 1均可以改善蛋壳品质 ,但CT2 0 0 0效果更好     

甜菜碱对蛋鸡蛋品质影响及机理研究

选20周龄伊莎蛋鸡800羽，随机分成2组（每组设4个重复，每个重复100羽），一组为对照组；另一组为600mg/kg甜菜碱组。分别在50、70周龄时测定蛋品质、血清有关生化指标、蛋壳腺磷脂组分含量。结果表明：添加甜菜碱使蛋鸡日平均产蛋率提高12．33％（P＜0．01）。料蛋比 降低9．92％（P＜0．05）。使50周龄和70周龄蛋壳厚度分别增加了2．5％（P＜0．08）的10．81％（P＜0．05），蛋壳相对重提高6．69（P＜0．05）和6．94％（P＜0．05）；蛋黄指数、哈夫单位有提高趋势。使70周龄蛋鸡蛋壳腺中卵磷脂（PC）含量提高了16．28％（P＜0．01），PC／PE比值提高了22．605（P＜0．03），对脑磷脂（PE)含量无影响。50周龄和70周龄蛋鸡血清中卵磷脂浓度分别提高33．46％（P＜0．01）和22．42％（P＜0．01）；而对血清中Ca、P含量无明显影响。50周龄和70周龄蛋鸡血清及肝中甜菜碱含量与对照组相比均无明显差异。     

蛋鸡对饲粮中蛋氨酸锌的耐受性研究

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加高剂量蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能、血液学指标和组织病理学的影响,以确定蛋鸡对饲用蛋氨酸锌的耐受剂量。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,选择健康且体重和产蛋率相近的20周龄海兰白蛋鸡540只,随机分成6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。各组分别饲喂蛋氨酸锌添加水平为0(对照)、70(有效剂量)、140(2倍有效剂量)、350(5倍有效剂量)、700(10倍有效剂量)和1 400 mg/kg(20倍有效剂量)的试验饲粮。试验为期8周。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,70 mg/kg组、140 mg/kg组日产蛋重和产蛋率显著提高(P0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P0.05);350 mg/kg组、700 mg/kg组上述指标与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);与0~700 mg/kg组相比,1 400 mg/kg组日产蛋重和产蛋率极显著降低(P0.01),料蛋比极显著提高(P0.01)。2)饲粮中添加蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡血液常规指标无显著影响(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加70~700 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡血清生化指标无显著影响(P0.05),但添加1 400 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌极显著提高了血清葡萄糖、尿酸、肌酐、总胆红素含量以及谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性(P0.01)。4)添加20倍推荐有效剂量(1 400 mg/kg)的蛋氨酸锌会引起主要器官组织的损伤和病变。结果提示,蛋鸡饲粮中蛋氨酸锌的耐受剂量为700mg/kg。     

Effect of enzyme addition to wheat-, barley- and rye-based diets on nutrient digestibility and performance of laying hens

1. Laying hen performance, egg quality, intestinal viscosity and nutrient apparent digestibility were evaluated with respect to the main cereal used in the diet and dosage rate of a fungal beta-glucanase/xylanase enzyme complex. 2. Twelve diets were arranged factorially, with three soluble fibre cereals (SFC); 500 g/kg of wheat or barley or 350 g/kg of rye, and 4 enzyme concentrations (0, 250, 1250 and 2500 mg/kg). An additional control diet based on maize was also included. 3. The use of SFC in the diet instead of maize did not affect egg production or food efficiency, but hens fed on SFC diets exhibited a higher incidence of dirty eggs than hens fed on the maize diet (8-6 vs 4.6%; P<0.01). 4. Laying hens fed on enzyme-supplemented diets produced more eggs (2.1%; P<0.05) and had better food efficiency per dozen eggs (2.5%; P<005) than hens fed on non-supplemented diets. An excess of enzymes in the diet (10 times the recommended dose) did not produce any deleterious effect on laying hen productivity. 5. Enzyme supplementation (ES) reduced intestinal viscosity (P<0.001) and the incidence of dirty eggs (P<0.01). The reduction in viscosity was more pronounced in barley than in wheat or rye diets (P<0.05). 6. Apparent nutrient digestibility in SFC diets was higher with ES, including dry matter (3.1%; P=0.08), fat (4.4%; P<0.001), non-starch polysaccharides (83.3%; P<0.01) and AMEn (2.5%, P<0.01). 7. It is concluded that substitution of maize by SFC is facilitated by ES, especially with respect to egg production, food conversion efficiency and egg shell cleanliness. An excess of enzymes did not produce any deleterious effect on nutrient digestibility or performance of laying hens.     

寡果糖对肉用鹌鹑生产性能,脂肪代谢利用分泌机能的影响

６０只１７日龄肉用鹌鹑被随机分为对照组和试验组,分别饲喂基础日粮和添加０．９６％寡果糖日粮,研究寡果糖对肉用鹌鹑生产性能、脂肪代谢及内分泌机能的影响。结果发现：试验组鹌鹑的增重和饲料利用率提高;腹脂重、脂肪表现代谢率和血清总胆固醇浓度降低;血液中三碘甲腺原氨酸（Ｔ３）和胰岛素样生长因子（ＩＧＦ－Ｉ）水平显著提高。     

Effect of daidzein on egg-laying performance in Shaoxing duck breeders during different stages of the egg production cycle

The effect of a phyto-oestrogen, daidzein, on the laying performance of Shaoxing female ducks was examined in three experiments performed at different stages of the egg production cycle. Egg-laying rate, egg weight, egg composition, feed conversion ratio, hatchability characteristics of eggs and body weight, ovary and oviduct weight, as well as changes in serum concentrations of T3, T4 and E2 were recorded as response criteria. In the first experiment, 68 young ducks, 100 d of age, were given a basal diet (maize-soybean meal) with or without 3 mg of daidzein/kg diet for 42 d. Daidzein did not affect the onset of lay but apparently decreased egg-laying rate and mean egg weight as well as the feed conversion ratio. In the second experiment, 240 breeding ducks, 402 d of age, were allotted at random to three groups and given the basal diet containing daidzein at 0 (control), 3 (Da1) and 5mg/kg (Da2) for 35d. Egg-laying rate, mean egg weight and feed conversion ratio increased in both Da1 and Da2 groups. However, an adverse effect of daidzein on fertility and hatchability was observed. In the third experiment, 320 breeding ducks, 415 d of age, were fed on the basal diet with or without 5mg of daidzein/kg diet for 63 d. Egg-laying rate increased by 7.7%, average egg weight tended to increase, whereas yolk/albumen ratio decreased. Daidzein-treated ducks had higher body weight and oviduct weight compared with their controls. Elevated plasma T4 and E2 concentrations accompanied these phenotypic changes, but serum T3 was not affected. It is suggested that daidzein exerts divergent effects on the egg-laying performance of Shaoxing ducks under different physiological conditions and this action is dose-dependent. The changes in circulating E2 imply possible participation of endogenous oestrogen in the mechanism of daidzein action.     

鲜茶叶粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋黄脂肪酸水平及经济指标的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的鲜茶叶粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄脂肪酸水平的影响。试验将672只产蛋性能一致的28周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复42只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组蛋鸡分别饲喂基础日粮+20（T1）、40（T2）和60?mg/kg（T3）鲜茶叶粉,试验为期6周。结果：与对照组相比,T3组蛋鸡蛋重显著提高6.12%（P＜0.05）。T3和T2组蛋鸡料蛋比较对照组和T1分别显著降低了4.07、6.67%和2.12%、4.77%。T2和T3组蛋壳厚度较对照组分别显著提高了2.06%和2.27%（P＜0.05）。此外,T3组蛋黄颜色a值较对照组和T1组分别显著提高了34.78%和20.16%（P＜0.05）。T3组蛋黄胆固醇含量分别较其他组显著降低了10.90%、7.23%和8.16%（P＜0.05）,而对照组蛋黄硫代巴比妥酸值较处理组分别显著提高了54.91%、59.52%和57.65%（P＜0.05）,而T3组蛋黄C16：1脂肪酸水平较对照组和其他组分别显著降低25.60%、20.05%和24.51%（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮添加60?mg/kg鲜茶叶粉可以显著提高蛋鸡的蛋重、饲料效率和蛋壳厚度,降低蛋黄胆固醇及硫代巴比妥酸值。 [关键词]鲜茶叶粉|蛋鸡|生产性能|蛋品质|脂肪酸     

In vivo antioxidant properties of vitamin E and chromium in cold-stressed Japanese quails.

An experiment was conducted to determine if vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol-acetate) and chromium (chromium picolinate, Cr Pic) supplementation attenuate the negative effects of cold stress on egg production, egg quality, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status in Japanese quails (Corurnix coturnix japonica). One hundred and fifty laying Japanese quails (50-day-old) were divided into five groups, 30 birds per group. The laying quails kept at 6 degrees C for 12 h/d (08.00 p.m. to 08.00 a.m.) were fed either a basal diet (low temperature-basal diet, CS group) or the basal diet supplemented with either 400 microg of Cr/kg of diet (Cr group), 250 mg of alpha-tocopherol-acetate per kg of diet (Vit. E group) or 400 microg of Cr plus 250 mg of alpha-tocopherol-acetate per kg of diet (Vit. E + Cr group) while quails kept at 18 degrees C were fed a basal diet (thermo-neutral-basal diet, TN group). Performance and egg quality were significantly reduced in CS group compared with TN group. Supplemental chromium and vitamin E significantly increased live weight change, egg production, and improved feed efficiency in cold-stressed laying hens compared with the group fed the basal diet at 6 degrees C. Egg production and egg weight were also greater (P < 0.05) in each supplemental group compared with the CS group. However, a combination of vitamin E and chromium, rather than each separately, provided the greatest performance. Supplemental vitamin E and chromium also increased serum vitamin C and E but, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (P < 0.05); the combination of vitamin E and chromium resulted in the highest levels of serum vitamin C and E within the cold-stressed quails. Results of the present study indicate that combined antioxidant supplements increased performance, egg quality and serum antioxidant levels while lowering MDA in cold-stressed quails.     

Effects of dried whey and copper sulfate on the growth responses to organic acid in diets for weanling pigs

Five 21-d to 28-d experiments involving 484 pigs weaned at 28 +/- 2 d of age were conducted to evaluate the effects of addition of organic acid to a fortified, corn-soybean meal diet (CS) or to a similar diet containing 15% dried whey (CSW) on performance of pigs. The effects of an antibiotic-sulfonamide combination (110 mg chlortetracycline, 110 mg sulfamethazine, 55 mg penicillin/kg) and the interactive effects of Cu sulfate (250 ppm Cu) and acid also were evaluated. The acid was a commercial product consisting of 96% organic acid (citric acid and Na citrate, 2:1). Treatments in Exp. 1 and 2 were factorial arrangements of the CS or CSW basal diets supplemented with 0 or 1% (Exp. 1) and 0, .5 or 1% (Exp. 2) of the acid product. Pigs fed diets containing whey consumed more feed (P less than .01) and gained weight faster (P less than .05), but they had feed/gain responses similar to those of pigs fed the CS diet. Addition of 1% acid improved (P less than .01) growth rate of pigs fed the CS diet but did not improve (P greater than .25) growth rate of pigs fed the CSW diet. Feed/gain was improved (P less than .01) by acid addition to both the CS and the CSW diets. Improvements in gain and feed/gain were similar for the two levels of acid. In Exp. 3 and 4, factorial combinations of 0 and 1% acid and 0 and 250 ppm Cu were evaluated in diets containing an antibiotic-sulfonamide combination. In addition, a negative control diet (no antibiotics, acid or Cu) was included. Pigs fed diets containing antibiotics gained faster and more efficiently (P less than .01) than those fed the control diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)