三元杂交牛12和18月龄肉用性能研究

选择健康无病、发育正常、膘情中等的夏洛来×西门塔尔×本地牛(夏西本)、皮埃蒙特×西门塔尔×本地牛(皮西本)、利木赞×西门塔尔×本地牛(利西本)、西门塔尔×西门塔尔×本地牛(西杂二代)各10头,从6月龄开始育肥,测定其增重、饲料消耗及其12和18月龄的屠宰成绩。结果表明:平均日增重以皮西本、利西本较高,分别为0.96kg、0.90kg,并与西杂二代差异显著(P<0.05);饲料消耗以皮西本较少,每kg增重消耗精、粗饲料分别为4.03kg和5.98kg。以皮西本和利西本2个杂交组合的屠宰成绩较好,18月龄屠宰率分别为61.50%、61.17%,净肉率分别为52.59%、49.21%。各组试验牛的高档肉块比例随着年龄的增长相应增加。     

三元杂交肉公牛育肥及生长发育研究

研究分析了西利本、夏利本、利西本、利杂二代 (各 1 0头 )公牛 6～ 1 2月龄 1 83d育肥期增重、生长发育及饲料消耗情况。结果表明 ,1 2月龄体重分别为 371 .90± 2 7.30 kg、32 2 .0 0±41 .0 0 kg、32 7.75± 1 4.35 kg、340 .2 0± 35 .2 4 kg;平均日增重为 0 .97± 0 .0 9kg、0 .95± 0 .1 4kg、0 .81± 0 .0 5 kg和 0 .83± 0 .0 5 kg;相对增长率为 89.49%、1 1 7.32 %、81 .33%和 80 .1 8%。以西利本和夏利本增重速度快 ,与利西本、利杂二代比较差异显著 ;各月龄体尺比利杂二代有较大幅度的提高 ;以夏利本的饲料消耗较少 ,每 kg增重消耗精粗饲料总量 6.66kg。初步认为 ,利用西利本和夏利本进行三元杂交 ,是山东省肉牛生产的有效途径。     

三元杂交肉牛的肉用性能及适宜屠宰期研究

选择健康无病、发育正常、膘情中等的西门塔尔×利木赞×本地牛(西利本)、夏洛莱×利木赞×本地牛(夏利本)、利木赞×西门塔尔×本地牛(利西本)、利木赞×利木赞×本地牛(利杂二代)6月龄肉用公牛各10头,研究其生长发育及其12、18、24、30月龄的屠宰性能。结果表明:三元杂交牛的生长发育较快,以西利本的体形最大,夏利本增长速度最快。由于18月龄后生长减慢,使各组试验牛的饲料消耗增大。三元杂交肉牛在高档肉生产上比利杂二代表现出更强的杂交优势,其中以利西本的屠宰成绩最高,产肉能力最强,其次为西利本。24月龄以前为适宜屠宰期。     

三元杂交牛12月龄和18月龄肉用性能测定

选择健康无病、发育正常、膘情中等的西门塔尔×利木赞×本地牛(西利本)、夏洛莱×利木赞×本地牛(夏利本)、利木赞×西门塔尔×本地牛(利西本)、利木赞×利木赞×本地牛(利杂二代)6月龄肉用公牛各10头,研究了12月龄和18月龄的肉用性能。结果表明:以西利本和利西本两个杂交组合的屠宰性能较好,18月龄屠宰率分别为63.17%,62.37%,净肉率分别为52.34%,51.58%。各组试验牛的高档肉块比例随着年龄的增长相应增加。     

三元杂交肉牛的肉用性能及适宜屠宰期研究

选择健康无病、发育正常、膘情中等的西门塔尔×利木赞×本地牛(西利本)、夏洛莱×利木赞×本地牛(夏利本)、利木赞×西门塔尔×本地牛(利西本)、利木赞×利木赞×本地牛(利杂二代)6月龄肉用公牛各10头,研究其生长发育及其12、18、24、30月龄的屠宰性能.结果表明三元杂交牛的生长发育较快,以西利本的体形最大,夏利本增长速度最快.由于18月龄后生长减慢,使各组试验牛的饲料消耗增大.三元杂交肉牛在高档肉生产上比利杂二代表现出更强的杂交优势,其中以利西本的屠宰成绩最高,产肉能力最强,其次为西利本.24月龄以前为适宜屠宰期.     

贵州不同三元杂交肉牛生长性能比较

为了筛选适合贵州生产的三元杂交肉牛,试验选用利木赞牛、安格斯牛和夏洛莱牛冻精对西本母牛进行杂交改良.试验结果表明：不同杂交组合后代犊牛均表现出明显的杂种优势,从初生到18月龄,夏西本牛的体重、体尺指标均最优,依次为利西本牛、安西本牛、西本杂牛;3组三元杂交牛不同月龄的体重、体尺指标均差异不显著（P＞0.05）,但均显著高于西本杂牛（P＜0.05）.结论：虽然夏西本牛的体尺指标和生产性能最好,但由于其产犊难产比例较高,且当地养殖户不喜欢其白色的被毛,因此建议在本省推广利西本牛、安西本牛.     

关岭牛及其杂交牛育肥效果比较

为研究适合贵州肉牛产业发展的杂交模式,本研究以关岭牛为对照组,西本杂、利西本、安西本为试验组进行了育肥对比试验。试验结果表明:利西本的增重最高,依次为安西本、西本杂、关岭牛。利西本和安西本2种三元杂交牛的增重差异不显著(P0.05),但都显著高于西本杂(P0.05),极显著高于关岭牛(P0.01);西本杂则显著高于关岭牛(P0.05)。利西本和安西本2组三元杂交牛的胴体重、净肉重、眼肌面积显著高于西本杂二元杂交牛(P0.05),极显著高于关岭牛(P0.01),但屠宰率、净肉率以及肉骨比数值略高于西本杂二元杂交牛和关岭牛,差异均不显著(P0.05)。     

利西本三元杂交牛的生长发育测定

通过测定分析了西本F1代二元杂交牛、利西本F2,代杂交牛和湘西黄牛在放牧 舍饲(补料或不补料)条件下的初生～18月龄体尺、体重指标.结果表明:利西本F2代三元杂交牛生长发育快,各月龄体尺、体重显著大于湘西黄牛,比西本F1代二元杂交牛也有显著提高;补饲生长更快,18月龄达440kg.     

不同外来品种黄牛杂交F1代公犊及本地黄牛育肥效果观察

试验选择本地黄牛、西门塔尔×本地黄牛F1代和利木赞×本地黄牛F1代公犊共25头,按品种分为3组,其中西本F19头、利本F16头、本地黄牛10头.以优质牧草为主,补饲低精料和酒糟,进行为期180 天舍饲育肥.结果,平均日增重西本F1最高(772.78±80.08 g),利本F1(740.33±95.77 g)次之,本地黄牛(560.22±37.01 g)最低.西本F1与利本F1比较,差异不显著(P＞0.05);西本F1和利本F1与本地黄牛比较,差异均极显著(P＜0.01);全期增重毛利润西本和利本分别为577.80元/头和536.40元/头,比本地黄牛的309.60元/头,分别提高88.63%和73.26%.结果表明,在相同饲养条件下,西本和利本杂交牛的育肥日增重均极显著高于本地黄牛(P＜0.01).     

西本、秦川、本地牛育肥对比试验

用ME为 10 70MJ/kg、CP为 14 3%的精料配合氨化秸秆对西本、秦川和本地三个肉牛组合进行育肥对比试验 ,结果 ,6 0天饲养 ,各组每头牛平均增重分别为 48 0 5± 4 6 4,47 0 9± 8 42 ,39 0 6± 5 73kg ,平均每头日增重分别为 80 0 89± 77 31,784 91±14 0 3,6 5 1 0 4± 95 5 1g ,西本、秦川 ,平均日增重均显著高于本地黄牛 (P <0 0 1)。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …