新疆水稻膜下滴灌技术研究与存在问题

对新疆水稻膜下滴灌技术的研究发展现状作了概述,分析了当前新疆水稻膜下滴灌设施技术、滴灌栽培技术及优质滴灌品种选育等方面的研究成果及存在的主要问题,并针对问题提出建议和措施。     

新疆棉花应用膜下滴灌技术中存在的问题

新疆是典型的干旱灌溉农区 ,水资源极有限。水是新疆农业发展最主要限制因子 ,棉花是新疆经济的支柱产业 ,二者对新疆经济发展至关重要。发展节水型农业灌溉技术是节水农业发展的方向 ,因此 ,棉花滴灌技术是新疆荒漠绿洲灌溉农业发展的必然趋势。膜下滴灌是一种先进的节水灌溉技术 ,它能在植物需水的任何时候和地点 ,将水分、养分均匀持续地运送到作物根部附近 ,最大限度地降低了土壤蒸发和农业用水的浪费 ,较常规灌溉公顷节水 30 0 0～ 45 0 0 m3。尽管膜下滴灌技术在节水省肥增产等方面具备很多优点 ,但在实际生产应用中也存在着不少问题…     

新疆膜下滴灌玉米栽培技术推广与应用

膜下滴灌玉米栽培技术是把水利、农机、农艺三者有机结合的一种技术,同时也是节水灌溉和覆膜两项技术组装在一起的农业节水综合技术。本文概述了新疆目前已形成的一整套比较成熟的膜下滴灌玉米栽培技术和管理模式以及应用该项技术取得的成绩,并指出仍存在的问题。本文还根据新疆各地的实际情况,结合已有的膜下滴灌玉米技术推广经验,进一步完善适合新疆当地的推广方式。     

滴灌技术在新疆的规模化推广应用动力因素分析

分析自1999年以来新疆滴灌技术大规模推广应用的各种影响因素,分别阐述了滴灌技术在新疆多年来推广应用的内在、主要、主导、保障和激励因素,及对其发展的推动作用和影响。各种因素的叠加推动了新疆滴灌技术的爆发式增长。     

武威市凉州区甜菜膜下滴灌技术应用研究的发展

综述了甜菜膜下滴灌技术的优势特点,回顾了凉州区甜菜膜下滴灌技术发展的过程,分析了发展中存在的问题,针对存在的问题提出了加快推广甜菜膜下滴灌技术的对策措施,展望了未来甜菜膜下滴灌技术的发展。     

新疆阿克苏棉花生产技术现状、存在问题及对策探讨

对新疆阿克苏地区棉花生产技术方面存在的诸如品种"多乱杂"、棉花滴灌管理水平低下、盲目施肥、地力下降、技术措施不配套等突出问题进行了分析,提出了相应的措施建议。     

棉花滴灌技术应用进展

 滴灌技术以节水节肥、增产增收等优势在我国新疆地区得到快速发展。随着大面积应用和推广,滴灌设备价格逐渐下降,管带性能不断改善,毛管布置多样化,水肥管理精细化,控制系统自动化。尽管如此,成本、水质、栽培技术、管理制度等因素依然限制着滴灌技术的进一步发展和推广。今后,滴灌技术将向设备更廉价、管带更耐用、控制系统更智能、经济效益更高方向发展。     

新疆南疆棉花绿色高产轻简化栽培技术规程

针对目前新疆南疆地区棉花种植存在施肥用量过大、氮磷钾配比失调、滴灌肥配方不合理及溶解性差、微量元素及生物刺激素肥料随水滴施效益低等问题, 建立棉花专用缓控释复合肥和叶面水溶肥为主体的绿色施肥技术,并遵循当前新疆机采棉高产、高效、轻简化种植发展方向,结合多年多点试验和示范成果,制定该技术规程。本规程规范了新疆南疆地区以绿色施肥技术为核心的播种、水肥管理、化学调控、化学打顶、机械采收等棉花栽培技术,建立了新疆南疆地区棉花绿色高产轻简化栽培技术体系。     

甘肃酒泉市棉花膜下滴灌技术应用效果及发展建议

酒泉市地处河西走廊西端,属于祁连山雪水灌溉农业区。年降水量36.8~176mm,年蒸发量2148.8~3140.6mm,是一个极度干旱的市区。灌溉是本市农业赖以生存和发展的必要条件。近年来,由于经济社会的快速发展,城乡用水量不断增加,本市水资源紧缺的问题日益突出,越来越明显地制约着农业的发展。为此,2002年酒泉市从新疆石河子天业集团学习引进棉花膜下滴灌技术,2006年推广应用面积已达2666.6hm2。1棉花膜下滴灌应用效果分析1.1棉花膜下滴灌技术的增产效应。经对敦煌、瓜州、金塔3个植棉县(市)17个乡镇175户56.2hm2滴灌棉田实产调查,应用膜下滴灌技术…     

滴灌与漫灌对小麦生长的影响及经济效益比较

根据新疆小麦生长特性,分析滴灌与漫灌2种不同灌溉方式对小麦生长的影响,并对2种灌溉方式下小麦的经济效益进行了比较。结果表明:滴灌小麦节水、节肥和增产效果明显,滴灌技术在新疆小麦种植上具有明显优势。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.