乌紫杨梅果实发育和主要品质成分积累特性研究

以乌紫杨梅和东魁杨梅品种为试材，测定了杨梅果实发育进程中干鲜重、糖、可滴定酸和花色苷含量的变化动态。结果表明，乌紫杨梅果实干鲜重的快速增长、糖和花色苷含量的快速积累和酸含量的快速下降均发生在果实转色至成熟这段时期，即果实成熟前2周左右。乌紫杨梅果实以积累蔗糖为主。乌紫杨梅果实的糖含量、花色苷含量均高于东魁杨梅，而酸含量低于东魁杨梅。采前2周至果实成熟是杨梅果实品质形成的关键时期。     

杨梅果实有机酸成分及含量动态变化

以黑晶、东魁和温岭大梅3个杨梅品种为材料,对杨梅果实发育过程中有机酸成分及其含量变化进行了测定。结果确定了杨梅果实中的3种有机酸成分,分别为柠檬酸、苹果酸和奎宁酸。在果实发育过程中,柠檬酸始终为最主要的有机酸成分。随着果实成熟,3种有机酸含量均呈下降趋势。成熟果实中,黑晶、温岭大梅和东魁3个品种的柠檬酸含量分别为（7.423±0.530）,（8.987±0.088 ）和（7.820±0.306）mg·g-1 FW;苹果酸的含量分别为（0.113±0.002）,（0.062±0.001）和（0.037±0.008） mg·g-1 FW;奎宁酸的含量分别为（1.122±0.098）,（0.952±0.042）和（0.738±0.056）mg·g-1 FW。分析表明杨梅果实属于柠檬酸型果品。     

优质杨梅糖酸的UPLC分析与比较

为探明杨梅品种中糖与酸含量以及糖酸比对杨梅品质的影响,以浙江优质杨梅慈溪荸荠种、上虞荸荠种、上虞二都深红种、上虞白沙和上虞东魁果实为研究试材,测定其总糖和总酸含量,用UPLC进行单一糖酸成分分析,比较不同品种之间的糖酸含量。结果表明:上虞东魁总糖含量最高,上虞荸荠种总糖含量最低;上虞白沙总酸含量最高,慈溪荸荠种总酸含量最低;慈溪荸荠种糖酸比最高,上虞东魁次之;各杨梅品种中柠檬酸含量最高,苹果酸次之。本研究首次测定杨梅中的单糖,并对其中的甘露糖和葡萄糖进行定性和定量。     

不同熟期杨梅果实发育和糖酸的动态变化分析

为了研究不同熟期杨梅品种果实在成熟中的品质动态变化,本研究以早梅、乌梅和晚梅3个杨梅品种为试验材料进行了果实发育过程中外观及内在品质测定试验。试验结果表明,3个杨梅品种果实发育过程大致分为2个阶段,均呈“低—高”动态变化,第1个阶段为果实发育迅速期,纵径、横径和单果质量增长明显;第2个阶段为果实发育平缓期,纵径、横径和单果质量增长均比较缓慢。随着果实的不断发育,3个杨梅品种的总糖含量在果实成熟前中期均快速上升,中后期上升缓慢,总酸含量在果实成熟过程中呈现相反趋势。     

NAA和6-BA对山葡萄果实着色及相关品质的影响

[目的]探讨NAA和6-BA对山葡萄果实的花色苷及相关品质的影响,为生产优质山葡萄提供理论指导。[方法]以＂双红＂山葡萄为试验材料,在转色期分别用NAA（200 mg/L）和6-BA（100 mg/L）处理果实,探讨其对山葡萄果实着色及相关品质的影响。[结果]NAA处理的果实,可溶性固形物和花色苷含量均显著低于对照,滴定酸含量显著高于对照;6-BA处理的果实,可溶性固形物及花色苷含量均显著高于对照,滴定酸含量显著低于对照。[结论]6-BA对提高山葡萄品质和增加花色苷含量具有促进作用,NAA对提高山葡萄品质和增加花色苷含量具有抑制作用。     

疏花对美人指葡萄花色苷含量及其品质的影响

为了进一步研究疏花对葡萄果实花色苷和品质的影响,本研究以5年生美人指葡萄为试验材料,在初花期对果穗进行疏花和整形修剪,测定其对葡萄果实花色苷含量、着色指数、花色苷合成关键基因的表达量、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、维生素C、总酚、单粒重和纵横径的影响。结果表明,美人指葡萄在初花期只保留果穗下端6 cm部分,可以显著上调花色苷合成调节基因VvmybA1和结构基因VvUFGT的表达水平,促进果实花色苷的含量增加,提高果实着色指数。另外还能促进果实可溶性糖、维生素C、总酚含量的增加,降低可滴定酸含量,增加单粒重和纵横径。本研究结果对于探究葡萄花色苷合成调控及葡萄生产具有指导意义。     

贵州野生毛葡萄果实品质及发酵特性的研究

以贵州野生5个毛葡萄单株的成熟果实为试验材料,分析其果实品质;采用传统干红工艺酿造毛葡萄酒,监控其发酵过程。结果表明,野生毛葡萄果实的还原糖含量较低,总酸、总酚以及单宁含量中等,花色苷含量极高。发酵过程中毛葡萄酒的还原糖和总酸含量持续下降,酚类物质与总花色苷含量持续上升。毛葡萄单株间的果实品质差异较大,单株关岭-1的还原糖含量最高,酚类物质含量接近欧亚栽培种,适宜酿造干红葡萄酒。     

杨梅果实品质动态变化及其综合评价

对东魁、大黑炭和大乌梅品种杨梅果实生长发育期的果实大小、质量和品质进行动态检测,并对果实品质性状进行主成分分析.结果表明:杨梅果实生长呈"快-慢-快"的双"S"型,第1个生长高峰出现在杨梅果实的幼果期,第2个高峰出现在果实膨大期,中间有一段缓慢生长时期;果实品质也呈规律性变化,可溶性固形物含量呈逐渐上升趋势,可滴定酸含量呈"低-高-低"的变化趋势,维生素C含量呈"高-低-高-低"的变化趋势,还原糖、蔗糖和总糖含量呈"高-低-高"的变化趋势;主成分分析结果表明,第一主成分(E1)为糖因子,第二主成分(E2)为酸因子,并以此构建数学模型E=0.714 3 E1+0.162 1E2,对3个品种杨梅果实品质进行综合评价,得出东魁杨梅的综合品质较好.     

杨梅果实干燥特性及其品质

探讨了新鲜杨梅果实在不同温度热风下的干燥特性,通过建立数学模型,预测不同热风干燥过程杨梅的水分变化规律。结果表明：杨梅鲜果的热风干燥过程主要为降速过程,没有恒速期。Page方程M_R=exp(－K_t^N)能够很好的描述和预测杨梅果实的干燥过程,可为其干燥工艺的控制提供技术依据。干燥温度的高低对果实Vc和总黄酮含量无明显影响,对总糖、总酸及花色苷含量有显著影响。     

ABA和6-BA对山葡萄果实着色及相关品质的影响

以山葡萄品种双丰为试验材料,在转色期分别用1 000 mg/L ABA和100 mg/L 6-BA处理果实。结果表明:ABA和6-BA处理的果实,可溶性固形物、还原糖、类黄酮、花色苷、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性都高于对照;滴定酸含量低于对照;L、H值小于对照,a、b、c值均高于对照。ABA和6-BA对提高山葡萄品质和增加花色苷含量具有促进作用。     

避雨设施栽培对中晚熟水蜜桃果实品质的影响

避雨设施栽培是南方桃产区产业水平提升的重要技术措施。本研究以霞晖5号、丹霞玉露和迟玉露3个中晚熟水蜜桃品种为试材,以露地栽培为对照,分析避雨栽培对不同熟期桃品种果实品质的影响。结果表明,避雨栽培提高了桃果实中可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和蔗糖含量,特别是晚熟品种迟玉露中蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖都显著高于露地栽培;总体来看,中熟品种果实总酸和有机酸各组分含量在避雨栽培后呈下降趋势,晚熟品种迟玉露则与之相反;避雨栽培也提高了果皮中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和花色苷含量,降低了总酚和类黄酮含量,变化的幅度因品种而异;此外,避雨栽培也使部分品种果实平均单果质量和色泽参数明显下降。因此,相对于露地栽培,避雨栽培能够明显改善桃果实的风味品质,但同时也会在一定程度上对果实的产量和外观着色产生不利的影响,避雨栽培措施要根据种植品种特性和具体天气条件变化进行优化调整。     

3种栽培管理措施对东魁杨梅果实品质的影响

田间试验结果表明:采用大枝修剪、疏枝疏果、配方施肥等技术措施,降低了东魁杨梅树体的高度,改善了果园的通风透光条件,增加了树体的结果面积,提高了鲜果的可溶性固形物含量、单果重、硬度,提升了优质果率和商品果率。     

泰山红石榴果实生长发育动态研究

以泰山红石榴(Punica granatum L.cv.Taishanhong)为试材,于花后1周开始观测果实体积、果实直径、平均单果重、子粒百粒重、果实中总可滴定酸含量、总可溶性固形物含量等各项果实发育相关指标,寻求其动态变化规律,以全面了解石榴果实生长发育动态。结果表明,泰山红石榴果实生长发育约历时5个月,经历幼果期、果实膨大期、果实转色期和果实成熟期4个时期。随着果实体积的增加,果实出现3次迅速生长期,分别在花后4周、13周和19周。果实生长发育期内,果实体积、果实直径、平均单果重、子粒百粒重、总可滴定酸含量及总可溶性固形物含量两两均存在相关性,且均达显著以上水平,这些相关性可为生长发育期的判定提供参考。     

冬枣和临猗梨枣果实发育期主要营养成分变化

为探究鲜食枣品种的营养品质形成规律,以碘量滴定法,酸碱中和滴定法以及2,6-二氯酚靛酚滴定法测定了冬枣、临猗梨枣果实发育过程中可溶性糖,可滴定酸以及维生素C的含量。结果显示:在冬枣和临猗梨枣果实的发育过程中,可溶性总糖含量的变化趋势为前期变化不明显,近成熟迅速积累至最高;可溶性糖组分在果实发育前期为果糖>葡萄糖>蔗糖,成熟时为蔗糖>果糖>葡萄糖。可滴定酸含量前期较高,随果实生长呈下降的趋势,果实成熟时略有升高。维生素C含量变化总体上低-高-低的变化趋势。     

‘美人酥’和‘云红梨1号’红皮砂梨果实的着色生理

【目的】研究两个不同遗传背景的红皮砂梨品种在其着色过程中色素的变化与相关酶活性及糖积累的关系,旨在了解砂梨果实着色的一般规律。【方法】选择两个云南地区主栽的红皮砂梨品种‘美人酥’和‘云红梨1号’,系统研究果实整个生长发育过程果皮中花青苷、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮、总酚等色素含量和花青苷积累相关的酶活性,以及果肉中糖含量的变化。花青苷含量采用pH示差检测法测定,叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮和总酚含量采用比色法测定。苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性采用比色法测定,类黄酮半乳糖苷转移酶(UFGT)活性采用高效液相色谱法测定。糖含量采用高效液相色谱法测定。【结果】在果实整个生长发育过程中,两个品种呈现了相似的生理变化趋势。果实生长前期,果皮中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮和总酚的含量不断上升,几乎没有花青苷的积累;果实生长中后期(花后13周)开始,叶绿素急剧降解,花青苷不断积聚并在成熟时达到最高值。在果实着色始期,PAL和UFGT活性相继达到最高值;之后随着花青苷的快速合成,PAL活性急剧下降,但UFGT活性一直保持在很高的水平。果实整个发育过程中可溶性总糖含量持续上升,其中蔗糖开始有明显积累的时期与花青苷开始大量积累的时期相吻合。【结论】红皮砂梨花青苷的合成积累主要是在果实生长发育后期,伴随着果实的成熟,花青苷含量达最大值。PAL与花青苷合成的启动有关,UFGT与花青苷的积聚密切相关。花青苷的积累伴随着果肉中可溶性总糖的上升。     

Physio-Biochemical Changes in Jujube Fruits(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) at Mature Stage

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage,being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively,the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively,the correlation coefficients were -0.973 1** and +0.974 6**,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and sucrose increased with jujube ripening,while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern,the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6**,0.988 0**,and 0.982 8**,respectively. Before white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation of monosaccharide was predominant in jujube fruits,following a fast accumulation of sucrose,indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore,the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity,being 51.54 mg/100 g.FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg.h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg.h) after fruit turning red and before softening,indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

防虫帐防控杨梅果蝇及改善果实品质的研究

为了明确防虫帐对杨梅果蝇发生以及产量品质、贮藏性、安全性和经济效益的影响,从2012—2013年连续2年对浙江临海东魁杨梅进行防虫帐单株挂帐试验。结果表明,东魁杨梅挂防虫帐对防治果蝇效果显著,有虫果率与对照相比降低了5714～9524个百分点。挂防虫帐杨梅单果重与对照相比平均增加218 g,果实硬度提高了014 kg·cm-3,果实成熟期也分别比对照推迟3～4 d以上,贮藏期延长,色泽更亮丽。挂防虫帐处理单株产值与对照相比平均增加7719元。防虫帐作为一种新型的绿色防控措施,具有防虫效果好、显著延长贮存期、提高杨梅果实品质和经济效益等优势,具备在生产上规模化应用的良好前景。     

Physio-Biochemical Changes in Jujube Fruits(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) at Mature Stage

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage, being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively, the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively, the correlation coef-ficients were -0.973 1** and + 0.974 6** respectively. The contents of soluble solids, total sugar, and sucrose increased with jujube ripening, while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern, the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6** , 0.988 0** , and 0.982 8**, respec-tively. Befcre white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation d moncsaccharide was predom/nant in jujube fruits, following a fast accumula-tion of sucrose, indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore, the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity, being 51.54 mg/100 g · FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg·h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg·h) after fruit turning red and before softening, indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化(英文)

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage,being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively,the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively,the correlation coefficients were -0.973 1** and +0.974 6**,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and sucrose increased with jujube ripening,while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern,the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6**,0.988 0**,and 0.982 8**,respectively. Before white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation of monosaccharide was predominant in jujube fruits,following a fast accumulation of sucrose,indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore,the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity,being 51.54 mg/100 g.FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg.h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg.h) after fruit turning red and before softening,indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.