犬干扰素α2与犬白蛋白融合基因在昆虫细胞中的表达与活性分析

本研究旨在利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统表达具有生物活性的犬白蛋白-犬干扰素α2(albumin-CaIFN-α2)。将蜂素信号肽(HBM)、犬血清白蛋白(Alb)与犬干扰素α2的融合基因经密码子优化后,连接至转移载体pFastBac1中,获得了重组pFastBac1-HBM-Alb-CaIFN-α2,将重组质粒转化DH10Bac感受态细胞,经过三次蓝白斑筛选纯化,得到的重组穿梭质粒rBac-HBM-Alb-CaIFN-α2转染Sf9细胞,72 h后可观察到明显的细胞病变。用第三代重组杆状病毒rBac-HBM-Alb-CaIFN-α2感染Sf9昆虫细胞,感染3 d后,收获昆虫细胞和细胞培养物,间接免疫荧光(IFA)结果显示,重组杆状病毒感染的细胞呈现绿色荧光;Western blot检测结果显示,在约90 ku左右可观察到特异性条带,证实重组Alb-CaIFN-α2能够在昆虫细胞中表达。利用MDCK/VSV微量细胞病变抑制法检测重组Alb-CaIFN-α2的抗病毒活性,结果显示重组Alb-CaIFN-α2的活性为1.70×10~6 U·mL~(-1),为进一步研究新型犬用干扰素制品奠定了试验基础。     

抗鹅α干扰素单克隆抗体的制备及初步鉴定

以含有鹅α干扰素(IFN-α)基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-GOWN-α免疫BALB/c鼠,采用杂交瘤技术制备抗鹅α干扰素单克隆抗体(McAb),并对其部分生物学特性进行初步研究.实验获得2株抗鹅IFN-α的单克隆抗体.经鉴定,Ig亚类均为IgM,轻链为κ链;腹水效价均达到10-4以上;Western blot证实2株McAb均能与重组IFN-α发生反应,出现特异性条带;其中一株单抗能与鹅脾细胞诱导产生的天然干扰素反应;杂交瘤细胞株连续传20代以上及冻存后复苏,细胞生长良好,效价稳定.抗鹅IFN-α单克隆抗体的制备,为研究和检测IFN-α提供了一种重要的手段,并为其在免疫机制研究、免疫功能检测、纯化IFN-α等领域提供了广泛的应用价值.     

重组鸡α-干扰素的表达及其生物活性的初步研究

为获得重组鸡α-干扰素并对其进行生物活性研究,本试验对重组大肠杆菌进行诱导表达,收集重组鸡α-干扰素包涵体后进行复性纯化及免疫印迹试验,并通过测定病毒EID₅₀,在接种H9亚型禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒和传染性支气管炎病毒的鸡胚中进行干扰素抗病毒活性试验,运用微变量细胞病变抑制法进行重组鸡α-干扰素抗病毒效价的测定。结果显示复性后重组鸡α-干扰素的免疫印迹试验成功获得了预期条带,在鸡胚中重组鸡α-干扰素具有显著的抗H9亚型禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒和传染性支气管炎病毒等活性作用。在CEF/VSV细胞系上测定重组鸡α-干扰素的抗病毒效价为1.5×2¹⁰ U/mg左右,高浓度重组鸡α-干扰素具有一定的细胞毒性。结果表明重组鸡α-干扰素蛋白具有免疫原性和抗原性,在鸡胚内具有较好的抑制或杀灭H9亚型禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒和传染性支气管炎病毒的效果,呈广谱性,抗病毒效价较高,为下一步抗病毒制品的创制奠定基础。     

利用家蚕杆状病毒表达系统表达人γ干扰素及产物的抗病毒活性检测

干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)是免疫反应中重要的免疫调节因子,对多种免疫细胞具有激活作用.利用家蚕杆状病毒表达系统在家蚕中高效表达具有活性的人γ干扰素(hIFN-γ),首先根据家蚕密码子偏好性对hIFN-γ的编码基因进行优化合成,将优化合成后的序列克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pBR中,然后与orf1629基因缺失的失活拯救型杆状病毒BmBacmid共转染BmN细胞,获得重组病毒reBmBac-hIFN-γ,最后利用获得的重组病毒感染家蚕并收获表达产物.采用微量细胞病变抑制法,在Vero/VSV-GFP系统中检测到重组hIFN-γ 的效价达到(3.69±2.02)×106 IU/mL.此外,重组hIFN-γ可以抑制猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)在Marc-145细胞中的增殖.上述结果为利用家蚕生物反应器高效生产具有活性的人γ干扰素奠定了试验基础.     

犬干扰素α2的原核表达及抗病毒活性分析

本研究将人工合成的犬干扰素α2成熟区序列插入原核表达载体p ET-28a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒p ET-28a-Ca IFN-α2;然后将该质粒转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta感受态中进行IPTG诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析鉴定,分子量约为23 k Da的目的蛋白表达,表达的重组蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的52.5%。包涵体蛋白经变性、复性和纯化处理后,获得的重组Ca IFN-α2纯度为92%;用MDCK/VSV微量细胞病变抑制法检测重组蛋白的抗病毒活性为3.16×106/m L。本研究结果为进一步研制新型犬用干扰素制品奠定了物质基础。     

猪α干扰素基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

将猪α干扰素(PoIFN-α)基因克隆入毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPICZαA中,电转化毕赤酵母KM71H菌株,抗生素ZeocinTM浓度梯度筛选高抗性转化子,以PCR鉴定阳性重组菌株。筛选出的高拷贝重组菌株分别通过BMGY/BMMY培养基和YPG培养基,用甲醇诱导表达。SDS-PAGE和Westernblot印迹杂交结果证实,表达产物为重组PoIFN-α融合蛋白,经细胞毒性试验检测(WISH/VSV系统),表达产物的抗病毒活性为4.1×104IU/mL。     

牛源ISG15蛋白的原核表达及抗血清的制备

本研究利用人重组干扰素IFNα-2A刺激牛肾细胞(Mardin-Darby bovine kidney cells,MDBK),并提取细胞总RNA。RT-PCR扩增牛源干扰素刺激基因15(interferon-stimulated gene 15,ISG 15),将其克隆入p Cold-TF表达载体中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。经IPTG诱导表达后,获得约70 k Da可溶性ISG15重组蛋白。用试剂盒对重组蛋白ISG15进行纯化回收,经BCA法测定其蛋白浓度为1 mg/m L。用纯化的ISG15重组蛋白免疫ICR小鼠,制备多克隆抗体血清,用间接ELISA方法测定多抗血清效价为1:102 400。利用Western blot进一步鉴定ISG15多抗血清,结果发现其与纯化的ISG15重组蛋白能发生特异性反应,可用于后续研究。     

重组猪IFN-α原核表达及其活性分析

为了表达猪重组α干扰素(rIFN-α)并对它的生物学特性进行研究,本研究采用RT-PCR从猪脾淋巴细胞中扩增出猪IFN-α基因,以pPROExHTa为载体构建了表达重组质粒polFN-α,转化宿主菌BL21,经IPTG诱导猪rIFN-α获得了表达,其分子量约22 ku.该重组蛋白以包涵体形式存在,其表达量占总菌体蛋白7%.粟用Ni-Ni金属螯合亲和层析方法纯化,其纯度达到80%以上,包涵体经复性后,在WISH/VSV系统上,采用细胞病变抑制法测定表明,其稀释度在小于1:103时才有抗病毒活性.本实验表达的猪rIFN-α具有一定的抗病毒活性,为研究具有广谱抗病毒效应的猪干扰素具有重要意义.     

牛α干扰素在新城疫病毒La Sota疫苗株中的高效稳定表达及抗病毒活性检测

研究在已有的新城疫病毒La Sota株反向遗传系统的基础上,利用新城疫病毒La Sota株作为表达载体,构建表达牛α干扰素(bovine interferon α)完整开放阅读框的全基因组质粒pFL-BoIFN α,转染BHK-21细胞获得表达牛α干扰素重组新城疫病毒.采用RT-PCR方法检测,证实收获的鸡胚尿囊液内的重组病毒含有相应外源基因.将重组病毒尿囊液经紫外线照射灭活新城疫病毒,利用表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组水泡性口炎病毒(VSV-EGFP)在牛肾细胞(MDBK)上测定rL-BoIFN α抗病毒活性,证实表达牛干扰素的重组新城疫病毒尿囊液能有效抑制VSV-EGFP在牛肾细胞上的复制,rL-BoIFNα接种SPF鸡胚所收尿囊液抗病毒活性高达2× 107 IU/mL.结果表明: 牛α干扰素在重组新城疫病毒rL-BoIFNα接种的SPF鸡胚尿囊液中获得良好表达,并具有高效而稳定的抗病毒活性.     

猪α-干扰素在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及其生物活性测定

利用基因工程技术,将编码梅山猪α-干扰素成熟蛋白基因(mPoIFNα,501 bp)亚克隆到含分泌信号肽序列的毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,构建成分泌型重组表达载体pPIC9K-mPoIFNα。用化学方法(LiCl)将线性化的mPoIFNα与ssDNA共转化入毕赤酵母菌株GS115,转化子经MD平板筛选和PCR鉴定后,得到的阳性菌株再以高浓度的G418筛选多拷贝重组子。该高拷贝菌株经1%甲醇连续诱导4 d,表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检测,结果表明在毕赤酵母中猪α-干扰素获得分泌型表达,表达产物约为20 000,在GS115中的表达量约为40mg/L,占GS115表达的可分泌型总蛋白的40.1%。对表达产物进行理化分析发现,重组酵母菌表达的蛋白耐酸(pH2),对热(56℃)部分敏感,并能被特异性抗猪α-干扰素抗体中和而不与抗猪γ-干扰素抗体反应。细胞病变抑制法(CPE50)测定干扰素生物活性,试验结果表明rPolIFNα具有较高的抗病毒生物活性,在MDBK中的抗VSV比活性为8.0×106U/mg。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.