山东省茶树冰核细菌的鉴定

从山东茶树上分离获得了22株具冰核活性的细菌,通过菌株的形态特征观察和16 S rDNA序列测定及序列同源性分析,初步将山东茶树上存在的冰核细菌鉴定为Pantoea属的菠萝泛菌（Pantoea ananatis）和成团泛菌（Pantoea agglomerans）。     

一株茶树冰核细菌拮抗菌的筛选及鉴定

从茶园土壤中分离出菌株TS1,通过含菌平板测定,确定其对茶树冰核细菌具有拮抗作用。通过菌株的形态特征观察、生理生化指标测定、16 S rDNA序列测定及序列同源性分析,将TS1菌株鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。明确了拮抗菌的种属,为茶树霜冻害的生物防治奠定了基础。     

莺歌海盐场30%盐度晒盐池底泥中可培养芽胞杆菌资源遗传多样性研究

采用80℃水浴处理与稀释涂布法从莺歌海盐场30%盐度晒盐池底泥中分离获得215株芽胞杆菌。采用16S rDNA PCR-RFLP与16S rDNA序列分析技术,对分离的菌株进行遗传多样性分析。16S rDNA PCR-RFLP酶切图谱UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,在100%的相似性水平上,分离菌株归属到9种酶切类型。16S rDNA测序结果显示,这些菌株主要分布在Pontibacillus、Halobacillus、Oceanobacillus和Bacillus等4个属,其中Pontibacillus为优势属。有7株芽胞杆菌的16S rDNA序列与数据库中相应模式菌的最大相似性在97.4%~99.0%之间,有可能为芽胞杆菌新种资源。     

土壤嗜铁细菌C19的筛选、分子鉴定及其对炭疽菌和镰刀菌的拮抗作用

利用LB液体培养基进行生物富集,采用CAS(Chrome Azurol S)检测平板法.从海南岛橡胶树等作物根际土壤中分离获得43个产嗜铁索细菌菌株.通过室内平板对峙培养法研究其中嗜铁能力较强的菌株C19对12个常见炭疽菌和镰刀菌的拮抗作用,结果表明.该菌株对Fusarium solani等9个菌株有不同程度的拮抗作用,显示该菌株具有较好的生防潜能.扩增菌株C19的16S rDNA序列,序列测定结果显示,该片段长度为1 525 bp,经Blastn搜索进行序列比对.该细菌为洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia).     

穿刺巴斯德芽菌PPh01菌株鉴定及其对根结线虫的寄生性测定

从海南定安胡椒根部根结线虫体上分离到一株细菌PPh01,其形态特征与穿刺巴斯德芽菌相似。16S rDNA序列分析结果表明：该菌株与穿刺巴斯德芽菌的同源性达到99.3％,在发育树上聚为同一分支,亲缘关系最近,鉴定该菌株为穿刺巴斯德芽菌（Pasteuria penetrans）。寄生性试验结果表明：该菌株对南方根结线虫、爪哇根结线虫、花生根结线虫的2龄幼虫均具有寄生性和侵染能力。     

一株拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的链霉菌分离和鉴定

从海南温泉中分离到1株对香蕉枯萎病病原菌4号小种有强拮抗作用的链霉菌菌株HW1,对该菌株进行了形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析。并对该菌株和香蕉枯萎病病原菌4号小种在土壤中进行了不同温度下的共培养试验。结果表明,其在PDA培养基上,内生菌丝无横隔、不断裂;孢子圆形,簇聚在气生菌丝上。在PDA培养基上,菌落生长开始为白色,培养成熟后,气丝逐渐由白色变灰,最后因为产生孢子变为褐色,并可产黄色可溶色素。以16S rDNA序列为基础构建了菌株HW1的系统发育树,其与模式链霉菌株的16S rDNA序列的同源性为99%。初步将该菌株鉴定为Streptomyces costaricanus。HW1菌株和香蕉枯萎病病原菌4号小种在土壤中的共培养试验表明,HW1菌株在45℃温度的生长环境中,表现出对香蕉枯萎病病原菌较好的抗性。     

砂生槐根瘤内抗小麦纹枯病生防菌株的筛选及其鉴定

为了筛选对小麦纹枯病菌具有生防作用的菌株,从西藏米林县采集的砂生槐根瘤中分离到45株内生细菌,采用平板对峙法、菌丝生长速率法进行拮抗菌株筛选,用显微观察法研究受抑制病原菌菌丝变化;通过摇瓶培养法测定所筛选拮抗菌株的溶磷、固氮及分泌IAA功能,并对其进行盆栽接种防效试验;依据形态观察、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列同源性分析确定所筛选菌株系统发育地位。结果表明,经过初筛和复筛,45株内生菌中,菌株R4对小麦纹枯病菌的拮抗效果较明显,对其抑菌圈直径达20.5 mm,抑菌率达98.2%,显著推迟菌核的萌发。受R4作用的小麦纹枯病菌菌丝末端分枝增多、部分原生质浓缩、形成瘤状结。菌株R4抗菌谱广,具有溶磷、固氮和分泌IAA活性。盆栽防效试验中,经菌株R4发酵液处理后,小麦纹枯病发病率和病情指数均显著降低,防治效果最高达73.82%。通过形态、生理生化特性及16S rDNA基因序列同源性比对分析,该菌株被鉴定为土地类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus terrae。     

一株拮抗椰子茎泻血病菌的链霉菌鉴定

从文昌椰子园土壤分离筛选到一株对椰子泻血病菌奇异长喙壳菌（Ceratocystis paradoxa）有良好抑制效果的放线菌FXJ-258，对该菌株进行了形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA序列分析。结果表明：该菌孢子方形至长圆形，表面光滑，在高氏培养基上，气丝初期白色，随着时间渐变为浅灰色，基丝无鉴别色素，无可溶性色素；能利用L-阿拉伯糖，D-半乳糖， D-葡萄糖，D-甘露糖，D-木糖，D-核糖，L-鼠李糖等碳源，不能利用D-果糖，肌醇，蔗糖，水杨苷等。以16S rDNA序列为基础构建了菌株FXJ-258的系统发育树，其与模式链霉菌株的16S rDNA序列的同源性为99.64%，初步将该菌株鉴定为Streptomyces murinus。     

抗茶树冰核细菌内生菌的筛选及鉴定

从茶树内生菌中进行了冰核细菌拮抗菌的筛选,得到菌株Y1,通过对菌株Y1进行形态学观察、生理生化指标测定及16βS rDNA序列测定和序列同源性分析,将菌株Y1鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）。本研究获得了茶树内生拮抗菌株,明确了菌株Y1的种属,有利于冰核细菌生物防治的开展。     

香蕉嗜铁内生细菌BEB99的分离鉴定及其抗病促生能力评价

从健康的香蕉根组织内分离获得一株对香蕉枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense）有拮抗作用的内生细菌菌株BEB99，经形态学、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列同源性分析等方面的研究，鉴定该菌为劳尔氏菌（Ralstonia sp.）。铁载体检测结果发现，该菌株属于极高产铁载体菌株。盆栽试验结果表明，该菌株对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果达62.52％，并对香蕉植株具有显著的促生作用。     

Marine myxobacteria as a source of antibiotics--comparison of physiology, polyketide-type genes and antibiotic production of three new isolates of Enhygromyxa salina

Three myxobacterial strains, designated SWB004, SWB005 and SWB006, were obtained from beach sand samples from the Pacific Ocean and the North Sea. The strains were cultivated in salt water containing media and subjected to studies to determine their taxonomic status, the presence of genes for the biosynthesis of polyketides and antibiotic production. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed the type strain Enhygromyxa salina SHK-1(T) as their closest homolog, displaying between 98% (SWB005) and 99% (SWB004 and SWB006) sequence similarity. All isolates were rod-shaped cells showing gliding motility and fruiting body formation as is known for myxobacteria. They required NaCl for growth, with an optimum concentration of around 2% [w/v]. The G + C-content of genomic DNA ranged from 63.0 to 67.3 mol%. Further, the strains were analyzed for their potential to produce polyketide-type structures. PCR amplified ketosynthase-like gene fragments from all three isolates enhances the assumption that these bacteria produce polyketides. SWB005 was shown to produce metabolites with prominent antibacterial activity, including activity towards methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE).     

大豆线粒体细胞色素b基因的克隆及系统分析

根据实验室测序的大豆线粒体基因组片段设计线粒体细胞色素b(Cytochrome,cob)基因特异引物,PCR扩增获得1173 bp大豆(JLGM-1B)线粒体cob基因保守区序列.经序列分析,该基因编码391个氨基酸,A+T含量58.1％,G+C含量41.9％.Southern杂交表明cob基因在栽培大豆线粒体基因组中...     

Discriminant analysis of selected yield components and fatty acid composition of chosen Triticum monococcum, Triticum dicoccum and Triticum spelta accessions

This study analyses the variability of key yield components, the content of protein and crude fat in grain and the fatty acid composition of 50 spring accessions of Triticum monococcum, Triticum dicoccum and Triticum spelta of various origins. The average protein content of the grain of T. monococcum was 20.8%, of T. dicoccum 19.7%, and of spelt 17.0%. The crude fat content of T. monococcum grain (2.7%) was significantly higher compared with T. spelta (2.4%) and T. dicoccum (2.3%). In crude fat, fatty acids C18:2, C18:1 and C16 predominated. T. spelta was characterised by the highest concentrations of C18:2 and C16 (55.89% and 18.77% respectively), while T. monococcum had the highest content of C18:1 (26.35%). The structure of analysed fatty acids proved to be highly desirable in this species. A discriminant analysis performed separately for five variables: protein and fat content and three biometrical characters and separately for fatty acid composition enabled three Triticum species to be distinguished. These species also differed significantly with respect to the C18:1/C16 ratio which was equal to 1.78, 1.06, 1.47 and 0.99 in T. monococcum, T. dicoccum, T. spelta and Triticum aestivum respectively.     

茶毛虫核型多角体病毒不同分离株的毒力水平与遗传结构关系分析

4个茶毛虫核型多角体病毒（EpNPV）分离株对茶毛虫的毒力测定结果表明,浙江分离株的毒力最强,其LC₅₀为2.5×10⁶PIB/mL;湖南分离株的毒力最弱,其LC₅₀为13.36×10⁶PIB/mL。不同分离株的毒力强弱依次为浙江分离株>贵州分离株>湖北分离株>湖南分离株,但贵州分离株与湖北分离株的毒力相差不大,LC₅₀分别为9.5×10⁶PIB/mL和7.31×10⁶PIB/mL。测定了EpNPV 4个分离株的5个与病毒复制、病毒—宿主关系、毒力水平相关的功能基因序列,分析其不同株系间的遗传结构,发现湖北分离株和贵州、湖南两分离株的相似度最高（99.7%）;浙江分离株和湖南分离株间的相似度最低（99.4%）。基于5个基因拼接序列构建的系统进化树显示,湖南（HN）和湖北（HB）两个株系最先聚类并为一支,再与贵州（GZ）分离株聚类,最后才与浙江分离株（ZJ）聚合,说明浙江分离株与其他3个分离株的遗传距离均较远。试验结果初步表明,EpNPV不同株系间的毒力水平差异与其遗传结构差异明显相关。     

海南普通野生稻不同居群rDNA ITS区序列的比较分析

以转bar基因粳稻(O.astiva ssp.japonica)YOO3为外类群,采用PAUP4.0等软件,对海南7个主要普通野生稻(O.rufipogon)核糖体基因(nrDNA)的内转录间隔区(ITS)全序列信息进行比较分析.结果表明,ITS全长为586～589 bp,其中ITS1为193～195 bp,共有20个变异位点数,G/C含量为72.02%～74.74%;ITS2为229～231 bp,共有12个变异位点数,G/C含量为75.55%～76.08%:离栽培稻越近的类群G/C含量越高.所有材料5.8S rDNA序列完全一致,全长164 bp,G/C占97 bp,含量为59.15%.各类群间ITS序列信息较丰富,且显示ITS1比ITS2进化速度要快.利用ITS差异信息序列进行聚类分析为鉴别不同居群的普通野生稻提供了分子依据.     

茶树Copine家族基因CsBON3的克隆与表达分析

Copine蛋白是一类包含2个C2(N端)和1个vWA(C端)保守域的Ca~(2+)依赖蛋白或磷脂结合蛋白,在胞内信号转导中发挥重要作用。基于序列相似性分析,从茶树转录组数据库中筛选出1条与Copine家族基因高度同源的EST序列。经测序验证该序列包含1 746 bp的完整ORF,编码581个氨基酸。同源比对显示该基因与拟南芥At BON3序列相似度最高(65%),将其命名为CsBON3(Gen Bank登录号为KY435900)。生物信息学分析显示,CsBON3蛋白分子量为63.66 k D,理论等电点为5.48;具有Copine家族蛋白特有的保守结构域;属亲水性蛋白,无信号肽位点,非分泌性蛋白,无跨膜结构域。表达分析表明,CsBON3在茶树花和根系中表达量最高,茎干和成熟叶中表达量最低。低温(4℃)处理茶树1 d后,其表达被显著上调;在生长阶段,该基因表达量高于休眠阶段;同时在接种炭疽菌的茶树叶片中,该基因也被快速上调,表明该基因可能与茶树低温、生长发育及抗病相关。     

兰科植物FNR基因的密码子偏好性分析

为揭示兰科植物FNR基因的特性和密码子偏好性，采用DNAMAN、CodonW和SPSS软件及 EMBOSS、SWISS-MODEL在线网站对17种兰科植物的FNR基因序列、氨基酸序列、同源区域及蛋白质三维结构进行分析。结果表明：兰科植物FNR基因普遍具有在A/T(U)与G/C之间较弱的密码子偏好性；密码子的末位在A和T(U)之间存在显著的T(U)偏好性，在C和G之间存在显著的C偏好性；NADP结合域比非结合域有较小的密码子偏好性；基于CDS和氨基酸聚类结果比基于RSCU聚类更接近于植物的进化分类；自然选择的作用是导致兰科植物FNR基因的密码子使用偏好性的主要成因。     

The correlation analysis between the appearance-related performances and the mechanical properties on lyocell-interlining bonded fabric

Lyocell is drawing attention as a new material, environmentally friendly fiber. Precedent researches on lyocell are mostly on structure, characteristics, physical properties, and dyeability. There are few researches on interlining for lyocell clothes production. This study analyzes the correlation between the appearance-related performances of lyocell-interlining bonded fabric and the mechanical properties of fusible interlining, lyocell face fabric, and lyocell-interlining bonded fabric. The stiffness of lyocell-interlining bonded fabric correlates with LT, WT, G, 2HG, 2HG5, B, 2HB, WC, and RC of fusible interlining; LT, EMT, G, 2HG, 2HB, RC, and T of lyocell face fabric; LT, WT, G, 2HG, 2HG5, B, 2HB, and T of lyocell-interlining bonded fabric. The drapability of lyocell-interlining bonded fabric correlates with LT, WT, G, 2HG, 2HG5, B, 2HG, WC, and RC of fusible interlining; LT, EMT, G, 2HG, 2HG5 and RC of lyocell face fabric; LT, EMT, G, 2HG, 2HG5, B, 2HB, LC, RC, and T of lyocell-interlining bonded fabric. The crease recovery of lyocell-interlining bonded fabric correlates with RT, T, W, WT, G, and 2HG of fusible interlining; LC, W, LT, EMT, G, 2HG, and 2HG5 of lyocell face fabric; WC, T, LT, G, 2HG, and 2HG5 of lyocell-interlining bonded fabric.     

Chemical composition of kernels from some species ofCucurbitaceae grown in Nigeria

The seeds of lesser-known species —Cucumeropsis mannii, Lagenaria sicceraria varities 1 and 2 andTelfairia occidentalis, ofCucurbitaceae family were studied. The protein content ofC. mannii was 36.1% and the varieties 1 and 2 ofL. sicceraria had 32.1% and 33.3% respectively.Telfairia occidentalis had protein content of 33.2%. The fat contents ofC. mannii, L. Sicceraria var. 1 and 2 andT. occidentalis were 44.4%, 44.6%, 46.9% and 42.3% respectively. The crude fibre content for each of the two varieties ofL. sicceraria was 3.6% andT. occidentalis had 5.5%.Cucumeropsis mannii had the lowest (2.4%) fibre content. The carbohydrate contents forL. Sicceraria var. 2,C. mannii, andT. occidentalis were 12.6%, 13.2% and 14.4% respectively.Lagenaria sicceraria var. 1 had the highest value of carbohydrate (15.8%). The species were relatively rich in potassium and magnesium with range of values of 0.56% to 0.68% and 434 ppm to 444 ppm respectively.Cucumeropsis mannii andLagenaria sicceraria var. 2 had relatively high contents of calcium (117 ppm) and iron (109 ppm) respectively. The kernels of these species exhibited lipase activity.Telfairia occidentalis showed the highest degree of lipase activity.     

控释尿素与普通尿素混施对大豆农艺性状及产量和品质的影响

按尿素种类和施肥量共设6个处理,研究控释尿素和普通尿素混施对大豆农艺性状及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:控释尿素和普通尿素混施能够提高大豆不同生育期的株高和干物质积累量,且T6(控释尿素100%)提高最多。从R2到R6时期,叶绿素含量逐渐增加,R4和R2期施肥各处理与对照相比差异达到显著水平,处理T4(控释尿素50%+常规尿素50%)叶绿素值最高,但各施肥处理间差异不显著;叶面积指数(LAI)值先增大后减小,R4时期最大,施肥处理LAI显著高于不施肥对照,且以处理T4最佳。控释尿素和普通尿素混施极显著提高了大豆的产量,且以T4处理产量最高。控释尿素不同比例混施能够提高蛋白质含量,降低脂肪含量,并使蛋脂总量增加。综合试验结果可知,控释尿素50%+常规尿素50%为最佳混施比例。