不同间作种植模式对棉花生长发育及品质影响

本研究旨在通过大田试验,分析塔里木地区不同枣棉间作间距对花铃期棉花生长发育以及品质的影响,为优化枣棉间作种植模式提供理论依据。结果表明:1棉花与红枣行间距主要影响棉花盛铃-吐絮进程。M1模式(距离红枣1.5 m处种植棉花)棉花生育期最短,为143 d;M3模式(距离红枣0.5 m处种植棉花)最长,为149d。2花铃期,M2模式(距离红枣1.0 m处种植棉花)株高、茎粗、成铃数均优于其他模式。3M1模式棉花叶片、茎秆干物质积累显著高于其他模式。4M1模式棉花产量为2 436.79 kg·hm-2,显著低于其他处理,但是衣分率(0.447)、霜前花率(83.24%)显著高于其他处理;M2模式籽棉产量为4 071.87 kg·hm-2,显著高于其他处理。5随棉花与红枣行间距的减小(M1→M3),棉纤维反射率小幅上升,断裂比强度、马克隆值呈降低趋势。结合生产实际,阿拉尔垦区幼龄枣园中棉花与红枣保持1.0 m距离,能够产生较高的经济效益。     

塔里木灌区棉田蒸散与棵间蒸发变化规律

为了给塔里木灌区棉花合理灌溉提供科学理论依据,根据新疆阿克苏农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站监测的地面沟灌棉田土壤水分、降水量、灌水量等资料,采用水量平衡原理计算了棉田蒸散量,采用自制的Micro-Lysimeters测定了棉田棵间蒸发,分析了棉田蒸散和棵间蒸发的变化规律及其影响因子,结果表明,棉田蒸散强度与棵间蒸发强度从苗期、蕾期、花铃期逐渐增大,到花铃期达到最大,吐絮期、收获期逐渐减小;棵间蒸发占棉田蒸散量的比例从苗期、蕾期、花铃期逐渐减小,到花铃期达到最小,吐絮期、收获期又逐渐增大,棉花生育期内棵间蒸发占蒸散量的比例为16.49％.棉花相对棵间蒸发强度与表层土壤含水量关系密切,随着表层土壤含水量的增大相对棵间蒸发强度增强.     

花铃期减量滴灌对北疆棉花光合特性及产量的影响

针对近年来新疆北部(北疆)棉花花铃期降雨量增加的现象,为明确花铃期减量滴灌是否可行及其对棉花产量形成过程的影响,以新陆早50号和新陆早73号为材料,设2个花铃期减量滴灌处理(W1:2050 m3·hm-2,W2:1650 m3·hm-2),同时以最适滴灌量作为对照(CK:2450 m3·hm-2),系统分析了棉田0～6...     

新疆策勒"双株双层"栽培棉田小气候特征

对策勒“双株双层”特高产栽培棉田小气候观测表明：棉田地温条件良好，有利于苗期棉花的生长。绿洲边缘较绿洲内部更有利于棉花生长的小气候条件。温度状况表现为：蕾期绿洲外围超过35℃高温天气减少；花铃期绿洲外围温度条件与绿洲内部相差不大；吐絮期绿洲内部的温度条件较绿洲外围好。湿度状况表现为：灌溉后，土壤含水量增加，棉田蒸发和蒸腾作用强烈，冠层和近冠层的湿度相对增加；高温晴天，整个大气湿度降低，也使棉田湿度降低；阴天时，湿度相对增加；极少量降水，对棉田湿度仅有短期影响。风速状况表现为：蕾期风力较大，常有灾害性大风；花铃期平均风速最小，偶有灾害性大风；吐絮期的平均风速较花铃期大，但没有灾害性大风。     

滴水量对新大豆27号根系生长及产量的影响

为揭示滴水量对超高产大豆根系生长的影响规律,设置975 m3·hm-2(W1)、1 575 m3·hm-2(W2)、2175 m3·hm-2(W3)、2 775 m3·hm-2(W4)4种滴水处理,对各处理0~100 cm土层含水量、新大豆27号根系干重、侧根长和产量进行测定分析。结果表明:随着滴水量的增加,0~40 cm土层的含水量增加;0~20 cm土层根干重密度和侧根长密度增幅最大,20~40 cm土层增幅其次;增加生育中后期0~80 cm土层总根干重和总侧根长,鼓粒初期W2、W3、W4处理的根干重分别较W1增加14.2%、30.4%、41.1%,侧根长分别较W1增加17.4%、25.7%、40.3%;提高0~40 cm土层根系活力,增加根系伤流量,提高水分利用效率,W3、W4鼓粒初期0~80 cm土层根干重分别为88.6、95.8 g·m-2,侧根长为432.4~482.9 m·m-2,产量分别为6 082.6 kg·hm-2、6 404.7 kg·hm-2,水分利用效率为1.30左右。新疆伊宁地区大豆的适宜滴水量为2 175~2 775 m3·hm-2。     

南疆地区田间配置对枣棉间作耗水特性的调控效应

为探明农果间作水分高效利用机理,提出适合南疆地区最优的农果间作模式,在大田试验条件下对枣棉间作系统进行研究,以种植模式（枣棉间作和枣、棉单作）和田间配置（棉花种植行数分别为2、4、6行;棉花株距分别为10 cm和12.5 cm）为参试因子,共9个处理,田间随机排列,共27个小区,小区面积为3 m×10 m。测定了各处理的耗水特征、产量、水分利用效率（WUE）和水分当量比（WER）等指标。结果表明：种植模式显著影响复合群体的耗水特性,枣棉间作耗水量较单作加权平均增加9.5%,棵间蒸发量降低11.4 mm,蒸散比降低13.5%。棉花种植行数显著影响复合群体的耗水特性,间作6行棉花较间作2行棉花耗水量增加9.1%~13.9%;间作6行棉花分别较间作4行和2行棉花提高土壤贮水消耗量35.2 mm和66.3 mm,棵间蒸发量分别降低24.2 mm和33.7 mm,蒸散比分别降低16.0%和22.2%;棉花株距变化仅对土壤贮水消耗量有显著影响,I3处理（间作棉花4行）土壤贮水消耗量较I4（间作棉花2行）高24.4 mm,I1（株距10 cm）较I2(株距12.5 cm)高14.7 mm。枣棉间作群体对40~60 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量最高,20~40 cm土层次之,80~100 cm土层最低;单作枣树对土壤深层水分利用较多,单作棉花则主要消耗浅层土壤中的水分,枣棉间作能够较好地利用土壤各层的水分。就土壤贮水利用而言,增加棉花行数或减小株距有助于促进40~80 cm土层土壤贮水的利用。不同枣棉间作处理的WER都大于1,说明枣棉间作较单作提高了农田WUE。间作棉花种植行数为4行、株距为12.5 cm时,枣棉间作综合效益最优,产量为7 460 kg·hm^-2,WUE为11.37 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2,WER为1.34。     

枣棉间作中利用光合数据筛选棉花种植模式

相关研究表明,用光合速率可以较好地模拟测算作物经济产量。为全面快捷高效地筛选出更高效更适合南疆推广的枣棉间作棉花种植模式,以不同的行间距并结合差异化灌水对枣棉间作环境下的棉花进行处理,以此产生的不同光热环境为基础,建立叶片水平的净光合速率分析图。利用净光合速率折线图,结合使用棉花整个生长季实测的叶片相关生理数据,对所建图示进行比较。结果发现,M3（距红枣行0．5 m种植棉花,枣行间种6行棉花）、W3（按350 m3·667m-2灌水）处理的净光合速率与大田棉花的净光合速率相似度最高。两者相交,M3W3处理的净光合速率平均值也最大,最终产量也最高,符合实验设想。由本试验结果可以看出,利用净光合速率能提前预计作物的经济产量,节约研究时间,在枣棉间作种植生产中,可以筛选出更好的棉花种植模式。     

新疆北部膜下滴灌棉田的蒸散特征

利用乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站2009年6月至2010年6月的涡度相关资料,分析新疆北部膜下滴灌棉田不同生育期的蒸散变化特征及蒸散量。结果表明：各生育期蒸散量与净辐射的日变化表现出很高的一致性,午间蒸散强度最大;播种-出苗期、苗期和吐絮期蒸散量主要受净辐射控制,蕾期与花铃期蒸散量主要受叶面积指数控制;在现行膜下滴灌灌溉制度下（年灌溉定额340~390 mm）,除吐絮期外,其他生育期土壤含水量均可以满足棉田蒸散耗水;播种-出苗期、苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期平均日蒸散量分别为1.8 mm/d,1.7 mm/d,3.7 mm/d,3.8 mm/d和1.2 mm/d,全生育期蒸散量为514.3 mm。     

滴灌条件下青海春油菜需水需肥规律

在青海省西宁市北郊二十里铺镇,采用"3414"肥料设计和不同梯度灌水量进行大田滴灌春油菜需水需肥规律研究。结果表明,滴灌施肥条件下,春油菜产量达到2 443.5~3 132.0 kg·hm-2,各施肥处理比无施肥对照增产了0.8%~29.2%,氮、磷、钾肥的肥料利用效率达到50.9%、22.5%、56.7%。滴灌方式水分利用率达到4.0kg·hm-2·mm-1以上,比大水漫灌提高了42.1%~61.4%。滴灌土壤含水量苗期盛花期角果期;0~60 cm土层土壤含水量苗期随着土层深度的增加而增加,中后期随着土层深度的增加先上升后下降。距滴头5 cm土壤含水量最低值小于距滴头15 cm土壤含水量最低值。根据试验结果得出滴灌肥最大产量施肥量为N 138 kg·hm-2,P2O561.5 kg·hm-2,K2O 57 kg·hm-2,最大产量可达3 000 kg·hm-2。设置滴灌土壤含水量下限为苗期55%、始花期60%、盛花期65%和角果期55%的水分管理具有较好的水分高效利用效果。     

塔里木盆地棉花水分利用效率试验研究

根据田间试验资料,系统地分析了棉花耗水量、产量、边际产量,土壤水分含量,棉花水分利用效率之间的关系。结果表明：（1）棉花水分利用效率与棉花耗水量呈二次抛物线关系;（2）就棉花水分利用效率而言,苗期,蓄期,花铃期,吐絮期对应的1m土体适宜土壤水分下限分别为1m土体田间持水量的74％,68％,67％,（3）塔里木盆地水资源紧缺,按经济效益最佳的灌溉定额进行节水灌溉,可有效地提高棉花水分利用效率,在此基础上将有限水资源首先分配在棉花的需水临界期（花铃期和蕾期）会进一步提高水分利用效率,（4）棉花水分利用效率是衡量棉花是用水效率的指标之一,要获得最好的社会经济效益,必须兼顾产量与水分利用效率。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

Characterization of Sclerotinia minor populations in Texas peanut fields

In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.     

Tumours of Begonia and some other ornamentals,induced by Corynebacterium fascians

In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.     

Eyespot of Cereals Revisited: ITS phylogeny Reveals New Species Relationships

Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.