Nucleoside phosphatases of fetal and maternal blood cells: electron microscope study

Surface membranes of the blood cells located within the maternal blood sinuses of the rat placenta contain reaction products of nucleoside phosphatases. Fetal blood cells separated from maternal blood by the placental labyrinth show no activity during normal or prolonged gestation. Neonatal blood cells examined 34 hours after parturition show these enzyme activities.     

母血脐血红细胞锌铜含量的测定

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定126对正常产妇及其新生儿红细胞锌、铜含量。结果表明:母血红细胞锌高于脐血,而红细胞铜低于脐血,差异显著;母婴间红细胞锌、铜均呈显著正相关;新生儿红细胞锌、铜含量与母亲血清锌钢浓度无直线相关。认为红细胞锌、铜在母婴间锌、铜代谢中具有重要作用,其含量稳定,更能准确反映体内的锌、铜状态。     

安氟醚麻醉时母羊、胎儿血药浓度及呼气浓度的研究

本文应用气相色谱平衡法测定了妊娠绵羊安氟醚吸入麻醉期间母羊,胎儿血药浓度和终末呼吸气浓度。该法具有精度高、出峰快、重复性能好等优点(其中气样r=0.9998,p<0.001;血样r=0.998,P<0.001)。结果表明:母羊和胎儿血药浓度时间曲线显著相关(上升相r=0,9443,p<0.05;消除相r=0.999,p<0.001)。药物代谢动力学(以下简称药代动力学)计算表明:安氟醚在绵羊体内血药浓度时间规律为:C=12.48329(e~(-0.0344964t)-e~(-0.03262423t))血药浓度峰值时间Tm=9.112分,峰浓度Cm=8.47699mg/100ml。血药浓度同理论值(回归值)极为相似,无统计学显著性差异(p>0.05).     

小鼠母体糖尿病(DM)对胚胎早期发育的影响

通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立小鼠糖尿病模型后,运用体外受精技术研究母体高血糖对早期胚胎发育的影响。选取6～8周龄ICR母鼠2次腹腔注射小剂量STZ构建小鼠糖尿病模型,并设实验对照组。成功造模后对实验小鼠眼底静脉丛采血并测定14项血生化指标。通过孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)配合人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)对实验母鼠进行超数排卵,所得卵子与正常ICR公鼠的精子体外受精并培养24h后,观察胚胎的发育情况并进行比较。结果表明实验组小鼠的空腹血糖明显升高(P<0.001),空腹血糖值≥9.5mmol/L的小鼠比例为76.6%。14项血生化指标中,实验组的谷丙转氨酶、肌酐、低密度脂蛋白、胆碱酯酶和糖化血红蛋白均较对照组显著升高(P<0.01)。高血糖模型小鼠卵子与正常精子体外受精后的受精率较正常小鼠低,且有血糖越高比例越低的趋势,说明体外受精技术虽可以改善糖尿病母鼠胚胎的受精率,但母体高血糖仍影响早期胚胎的发育。     

血浆及精清睾酮的酶免疫分析法研究

用混合酸酐法合成睾酮-3-(羧甲基)肟-过氧化物酶和睾酮-17-(羧甲基)肟-过氧化物酶两种结合物,并用睾酮抗血清和睾酮单克隆抗体建立鉴定了睾酮的两种固相微滴板酶免疫分析法(T-EIAa,T-EIAb),其中T-EIAa符合方法学鉴定指标.用T-EIAa测定种公牛血浆及精清睾酮含量,血浆样品经二氯甲烷抽提,而精清样品用直接法测定.T-EIAa测定血浆样品的结果与放射免疫测定密切相关(r=0.83,n=12),种公牛的血浆及精清睾酮含量在个体间存在显著差异,精液品质良好组的精清睾酮含量显著地高于较差组,而血浆睾酮含量差异不显著.     

Disposition of morphine in man

The disposition of morphine was investigated by means of radioimmunoassay after a single intravenous dose (10 milligrams per 70 kilograms) was administered to 10 adult normal male subjects who had not received other drugs for 2 weeks preceding the study. A multiphasic decline in serum concentrations of morphine occurred. Detectable blood concentrations of morphine, or of a metabolite, or of both persisted for 48 hours after a single intravenous dose.     

母鸡限饲对子代胚胎期脂类代谢相关血液指标的影响

 【目的】研究肉种鸡产蛋期限饲对子代胚胎期脂肪代谢相关血清生化指标和激素水平的影响。【方法】分别选用东北农业大学自繁高、低脂系肉种母鸡各384只,分为两个处理组。产蛋期：处理组一饲喂正常日粮,处理组二饲喂量是正常组的75%,产蛋高峰期收集种蛋并进行孵化。子代按照母代分组收集种蛋,每组150枚,分别于13、15、17和19胚龄取血。【结果】母代限饲显著降低了血清中13胚龄总胆固醇（CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）和4个胚龄低脂系低密度脂蛋白含量（P＜0.05）;显著提高了19胚龄高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和低脂系13、15胚龄血清中葡萄糖（G）的含量（P＜0.05）。母代限饲显著降低血清中15胚龄高脂系和19胚龄胰高血糖素（GLU）的含量、13、15和19胚龄胰岛素（INS）含量、13和15胚龄的瘦素（LEP）含量（P＜0.05）;4个胚龄中,限饲组血清生长激素（GH）水平总体低于正常饲喂组。【结论】肉种母鸡产蛋期限饲能够直接影响子代胚胎期的血液生化和激素水平,这种影响在13胚龄就已经产生;胚胎期血液生化指标在品系间表现出了不同的趋势。     

鸡母体营养对子代生长发育和肉质的影响

文章根据实验室近几年的研究工作,对鸡母体营养与子代胴体品质间的母代效应与子代补偿作用及其机理进行了分析探讨。分析了肉种母鸡产蛋期营养对产蛋性能、子代生长性能、子代内脏器官发育、子代胴体品质及肉质性状等方面的影响,阐述了母鸡产蛋期营养是否对后代产生母体效应、母体效应的延续性以及子代后续生长过程中是否存在补偿生长效应;同时,对子代血液生化指标、激素水平以及肉质相关基因表达的影响进行了分析,探讨了母体效应对子代鸡生长性能及肉质性状影响的代谢机理和分子机理,为改善鸡肉品质提供除遗传和当代营养以外的技术途径。     

Maternal behavior in the domestic cock under the influence of alcohol

When normal male domestic chickens were given a single dose of grain alcohol and then exposed to newly hatched chicks, they, assumed maternal behavior. The same behavior can be elicited by the admniinistration of prolactin, but the results of these experimens suggest that maternal behavior in tlhe cock is not excliusively dependent on hormonal mechanisms.     

胎膜早破孕妇白细胞介素8、C反应蛋白及白细胞计数的检测对绒毛膜羊膜炎的诊断意义

目的了解胎膜早破孕妇母血中白细胞介素8(IL-8)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及白细胞计数对绒毛膜羊膜炎的诊断意义.方法采用放射免疫法测定54例胎膜早破(早破组)和40例正常足月孕妇(对照组)血中的IL-8水平,并同步检测CRP水平及白细胞计数;每例组织绒毛膜羊膜炎通过产后胎盘病理证实,按病理结果将早破组分为绒毛膜羊膜炎组(n＝36)及非绒毛膜羊膜炎组(n＝18).结果早破组和对照组的IL-8、CRP及白细胞计数的差异均有非常显著性(P＜0.01)[(130.4±25.6)ng·L-1vs(75.2±15.8)ng·L-1、(125.4±10.4) mg·L-1vs(1.70±1.1) mg·L-1 (11.5±3.6)×109/Lvs(8.9±1.9)×109/L],而绒毛膜羊膜炎组和非绒毛膜羊膜炎组比较,IL-8、CRP及白细胞计数的差异也有显著性和非常显著性(P＜0.05～0.01)[(138.1±27.2)ng·L-1vs(100.7±20.6)ng·L-1、(127.6±3.2) mg·L-1vs(1.9±1.4)mg·L-1、(12.8±4.0)×109/Lvs(8.9±2.7)×109/L].结论检测胎膜早破孕妇母血中的IL-8、CRP及白细胞计数可早期发现组织绒毛膜羊膜炎,这对及早处理、改善妊娠预后有重要临床意义.     

育雏期母鸡母性行为消长试验初报

本试验采用母子共处或隔离以及注射丙酸睾丸酮的方法,对育雏期母鸡母性行为的消长进行了初步观察。试验结果初步说明,催乳激素是维持母鸡母性行为的物质基础,雏鸡形态、叫声、母子间的体表接触则是维持母鸡催乳激素含量在所需水平的首要条件。     

Aetiology and Pathogenesis Studies on Osteoporosis in Bactrian Camel

A disease characterized by emaciation, pica, lameness and liability to fracture in bactrian camelfrom gravel desert pasture was described. Analyses of mineral elements in soil, water and forage from the af-fected and normal areas as well as in blood, hair and parts of tissues from normal and diseased camel, togetherwith a pathological study were carried out to define the nature and major causes of the disease. The relatedblood indices were also measured. The result indicated that copper and phosphorus in the soil and forage fromthe affected area were significantly lower than those of the normal area (P＜0.01). The levels of phosphorusin the blood, hair and rib reduced significantly in affected camels. The concentrations of PTH, T3, T4, creat-inine(Crt) and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum rosemarkedly (P＜0.01). Bone injury was characterized by osteoporosis. The degenerative and necrotic lesions ofliver and kidney were common. In addition, slight demylination of brains and spinal cords were showed byhistopathological and ultrastructural studies. It is concluded that the disease is caused mainly by phosphorusdeficiency in the food chain.     

支气管哮喘患者外周血单核细胞Th1/Th2型细胞因子水平的检测及其临床意义

目的 :观察支气管哮喘患者在发病期外周血中的Th 1/Th 2型细胞因子水平的变化。方法 :采用双抗体夹心ELISA方法分别对哮喘患者发作期组 (n =15 )、缓解期组 (n =15 )及正常人对照组 (n =2 0 )外周血单核细胞 (PBMC)产生的Th 1/Th 2型细胞因子 (IL 2、IL 4、IL 10 )进行了测定。结果 :哮喘急性发作期患者PBMC产生的IL 2水平较正常对照组明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而IL 4、IL 10水平均增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,缓解期恢复至正常水平。结论 :哮喘发病过程中Th 1/Th 2型细胞因子处于失衡状态 ,为哮喘的治疗提供指引     

Virus persists in beta cells of islets of Langerhans and is associated with chemical manifestations of diabetes

Molecular hybridization, monoclonal antibody, and electron microscopic analyses showed lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (strains Armstrong and WE) persistently infecting cells of the islets of Langerhans in BALB/WEHI mice. When monoclonal or monospecific antibody conjugated with two different fluorochrome dyes was used to mark insulin-containing beta cells or viral antigens, viral nucleoprotein was identified predominantly in beta cells. Electron microscopy confirmed these findings by showing virions budding from the beta cells. Persistent infection was associated with chemical evidence of diabetes (hyperglycemia, abnormal glucose tolerance, and normal or low-normal concentrations of insulin). Concentrations of cortisol and insulin-like growth factor in blood were normal, as was the level of growth hormone in the pituitary gland. The virus-infected islet cells showed normal anatomy and cytomorphology. Neither cell lysis nor inflammatory infiltrates were routinely seen. Thus a virus may persistently infect islet cells and provide a biochemical and morphological picture comparable to that of early adult-onset diabetes mellitus in humans.     

纳米乳对雷公藤多苷增效减毒作用研究

    通过透皮给药.考察雷公藤多苷纳米乳(TWP-NE)治疗SD大鼠佐荆性关节炎的增效减毒作用.用TWP-NE和雷公藤多苷片(TWP)对SD大鼠佐剂性关节炎进行治疗,每隔4 d测量足部体积,28d后测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、尿素氮(BUN)和尿液中尿蛋白含量,并取肝、肾进行组织病理学观察.结果显示:TWP-NE对佐荆性关节炎的治疗效果优于TWP.与空白对照组相比,TWP-NE组血清ALT、AST,BUN以及尿液中尿蛋白含量无显著性差异:TWP组血清ALT、AST、BUN以及尿液中尿蛋白含量显著升高.病理组织学观察显示TWP组肝、肾的损伤更严重.说明用纳米乳对雷公藤多苷进行包合可以提高药效并降低其对肝、肾的毒性.     

中药对热应激蛋鸡外周血中主要离子和酶类浓度的影响(英文)

[目的]研究中药对蛋鸡在热应激条件下血液生化指标的影响,以期为临床应用提供理论和实际的依据。[方法]将100只88日龄的伊莎褐蛋鸡随机分成五组,分别设为中药方一组,中药方二组,VC对照组,热应激空白组和常温对照组。将中药方一组,中药方二组,VC对照组和热应激空白组蛋鸡置于人工制造的热应激环境下,常温对照组蛋鸡置于正常的温度条件下,分4批不同时间宰杀抽血取样,观察各组每批蛋鸡组间血液生化指标情况。[结果 ]高温时蛋鸡血钠(Na),血磷(P),血钾(K)和血氯(Cl)含量分别降低,而丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及肌酸激酶(CK)均上升,使用中药后,各生化指标逐渐趋于正常。[结论 ]抗热应激中药可以从各种离子和酶类不同代谢途径来缓解热应激对蛋鸡血液生理生化指标所造成的不利影响。     

Sulfur-Induced Copper Deficiency in the Yaks

Since the 1990s, yak in the Haizi area in China has been affected by an ailment characterized by pica, emaciation, dyskinesia, and anemia. To determine the cause of disease, the mineral composition of soil and forages, and samples of blood, hair, and liver of yaks from the Haizi area in China were determined. The concentrations of copper in soil and forage from affected ranches and unaffected areas are within the normal ranges. The mean concentration of copper in blood and liver from the affected yaks was （0.31±0.03） and （13.7±3.1）μg·g^-1 respectively, compared with （0.98±0.16） and （95.6±11.2）μg·g^-1 for unaffected yaks. The concentrations of sulfur in soil and forage from affected ranches were （1.91±0.26） and （1.37±0.17）%, respectively, compared with （1.11±0.31） and （0.52±0.18）% （dry matter） for normal areas. The contents of sulfur in blood and liver affected animals were （7.32±1.8） and （2.54±3.1）%, respectively, compared with （4.22±0.73） and （1.31±0.33）% （in fresh and soft tissues） for healthy animals, respectively. Oral administration of tribasic copper chloride prevented and cured the disease. Thus it is reasonable to conclude that ailments of yaks in the Haizi area are probably caused by a secondary copper deficiency, mainly due to high sulfur content in soil and forage.     

Blood concentrations of acetaldehyde and ethanol in chronic alcoholics

Fifteen adult male alcoholic volunteers were studied before, during, and after a 10- to 15-day period of experimentally induced intoxication. Blood acetaldehyde concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 0.15 and from 0.04 to 0.08 milligrams per 100 milliliters when blood ethanol concentrations ranged from 1 to 400 milligrams per 100 milliliters after consumption of bourbon or grain ethanol, respectively. No dose or dose-time relationships were found between blood ethanol concentrations and blood acetaldehyde concentrations during any phase of this study.     

小麦不同器官磷含量的遗传模型研究

为了研究小麦不同器官全磷含量的遗传模型随机选用8个亲本,组配成28个双列杂交组合,在正常和肥水亏缺胁迫两种环境下,进行随机区组试验,采用Hayman双列杂交分析方法,研究了不同器官磷含量的遗传模型。结果表明,在正常和肥水亏缺两种环境下子粒、叶片和茎秆全磷含量的遗传均为加性—显性—上位性;正常环境下子粒和叶片全磷含量的显性遗传表现为增效,正常环境下茎秆和肥水亏缺胁迫环境下子粒、叶片和茎秆的全磷含量的先行遗传表现为减效。最后,根据各性状的遗传模型和基因在亲本中的分布,讨论了杂交后代的选择和亲本选配。     

Overexpression of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor eliminates LDL from plasma in transgenic mice

A complementary DNA encoding the human low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor under control of the mouse metallothionein-I promoter was injected into fertilized mouse eggs, and a strain of mice expressing high levels of LDL receptors was established. After administration of cadmium, these mice cleared intravenously injected 125I-labeled LDL from blood eight to ten times more rapidly than did normal mice. The plasma concentrations of apoproteins B-100 and E, the two ligands for the LDL receptor, declined by more than 90 percent after cadmium treatment, but the concentration of another apoprotein, A-I, was unaffected. Therefore, overexpression of an endocytotic receptor can dramatically lower the ambient concentration of its ligand in vivo.