梯度饲喂茭白鞘叶对生长獭兔体重、采食量和消化率的影响

通过梯度饲喂茭白鞘叶对生长獭兔体重、采食量和饲料营养物质消化率的影响,为獭兔合理利用茭白鞘叶提供依据.50日龄生长獭兔按照体重和性别分成4组,分别饲喂含0、10％、30％、50％茭白鞘叶的日粮(粗饲料总量为50％,不足部分由花生秧粉补足),测定试验30 d、60 d獭兔体重、采食量和饲料营养物质消化率.结果显示:添加茭...     

白腐菌处理玉米秸秆对小尾寒羊的采食特性和表观消化率的研究

笔者通过试验比较了使用白腐真菌处理秸秆饲料、普通秸秆饲料以及氨化饲料饲喂小尾寒羊时的表观消化率和采食特性。选择小尾寒羊18只,随机平均分成3组,采用完全粗饲料饲喂,即仅饲喂玉米秸秆、菌化秸秆和氨化秸秆。记录采食量,测算表观消化率,并且在饲喂时观察采食特性。结果表明,白腐真菌处理秸秆可以显著增加采食速度(107.17%)和采食量(53.33%),并且极显著地提高了纤维的表观消化率(P0.01)。     

秸秆饲料碱化处理技术

<正>秸秆饲料是一类高纤维、低蛋白质、少能量、缺乏矿物质的粗饲料,而且某些粗饲料的细胞壁成分含有大量的抗营养物质(如稻草中的大量硅酸盐等)。因此,动物对其采食量少,消化率低。用秸秆饲料直接饲喂家畜,不能满足家畜的营养需要。秸秆饲料通过碱化处理,可以提高秸秆饲料的消化率,改善适口     

青贮甘蔗尾、青贮玉米秸秆对生长水牛生长性能、消化代谢及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究青贮甘蔗尾(sugarcane tops silage,SS)和青贮玉米秸秆(corn straw silage,CS)对生长水牛生长性能、消化代谢及血液生化指标的影响。试验1:选择21头体重、胎次相同或相近的6月龄生长水牛,随机分为3个组,分别饲喂SS+精料、CS+精料、SS+CS+精料,进行为期30 d饲养试验。试验2:另选6头体重、胎次相同或相近的6月龄生长水牛随机分为2组,分别饲喂SS和CS,不喂精料,利用全收粪法进行为期4 d的消化代谢试验。结果表明:①SS和CS单独饲喂对生长水牛平均干物质采食量(ADMI)影响不显著(P>0.05),饲喂CS组生长水牛平均日增重(ADG)较SS组高,差异不显著(P>0.05)。二者组合饲喂时生长水牛ADMI、ADG比其单独饲喂时高。②CS的养分消化率、氮代谢和能量代谢率均高于SS,但差异均不显著(P>0.05),二者中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。③SS和CS对生长水牛血液生化指标影响差异均不显著(P>0.05),对动物机体无不良影响。由此可见,单独饲喂时CS养分消化率较SS高,CS及SS对生长水牛血液生化指标均无不良影响,且二者组合饲喂能提高生长水牛生长性能。     

中草药制剂对獭兔生长和消化影响的研究

为研究不同水平的纯中草药饲料添加剂对獭兔生长和消化的影响,本试验采用单因素分组设计,将120只生长獭兔随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只,在同一饲养环境下进行50 d饲喂。第Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第Ⅱ组为抗生素组,在基础日粮中添加4 mg/kg地克珠利;第Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组为中草药制剂添加组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%(均以生长獭兔的平均体重为基础)的中草药制剂。50 d后测定獭兔生长性能指标和营养物质消化指标。结果表明:(1)添加中草药制剂能够提高獭兔平均日增重、日采食量和饲料转化率。1.5%和2.0%中草药制剂添加组生长獭兔料重比均降低0.60%,差异显著(P0.05)。(2)中草药制剂能够提高獭兔粗蛋白质消化率和粗脂肪消化率,1.5%与2.0%中草药制剂添加组生长獭兔的粗蛋白质消化率分别比对照组提高了4.79%和4.82%(P0.05),粗脂肪消化率分别提高了5.77%和5.42%(P0.05)。添加中草药制剂对粗纤维、钙、磷等消化率影响不明显。由此可见,中草药制剂能有效提高獭兔增重,提高獭兔营养物质消化率,加快獭兔育肥。     

不同来源粗饲料对荷斯坦犊牛生长性能和摄食行为的影响

179头荷斯坦公犊牛(体重44.7kg,日龄8.3d)参与3个试验,用以评价不同来源粗饲料对其生长性能、表观消化率和摄食行为的影响。在每项研究中犊牛均被分为3个不同日粮处理组:对照组(CON)犊牛饲喂开食料,不添加任何粗饲料(这一处理组在3个试验中重复使用),其他2个处理组饲喂相同的开食料各添加一种粗饲料:第1个试验中添加切碎的苜蓿(AH)或黑麦干草(RH);第2个试验中添加燕麦干草(OH)或大麦秸秆(BS);第3个试验中添加玉米青贮(CS)或小黑麦青贮(TS)。所有犊牛通过奶瓶饲喂2L代乳料,相当于干物质含量的12.5%,每日饲喂2次,直到50日龄。断奶前1周内同样饲喂2L代乳料,含量占干物质含量的12.5%(57d前)。试验在犊牛日龄达到71d时结束。每日记录开食料、代乳料和粗饲料采食量,每周测定犊牛体重。犊牛单圈饲养,牛床上铺有刨花。与对照组相比,添加OH、TS和BS组犊牛开食料采食量升高(0.88对1.14、1.17、1.06kg/d),且日增重显著提高(0.72对0.93、0.88、0.88kg/d)。饲喂RH、BS、CS和TS组犊牛粗饲料采食量(51g/d)低于AH(120g/d)和OH组(101g/d)。各处理组有机物、干物质和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率无差异(分别为81.5%、81.1%、54.4%)。RH、CS和AH组粗蛋白的表观消化率高于对照组(80.5%对76.4%)。与对照组相比,AH组犊牛开食料采食量下降,躺卧的时间较短,AH和RH组犊牛反刍时间延长,优势比(OR)分别为5.24和5.40。且AH和RH组犊牛进行非营养性口腔行为所耗费的时间较少(OR分别为0.38、0.34)。TS组犊牛在饲喂代乳料和固体饲料后1h内进行非营养性口腔行为的时间有缩短的趋势(OR:0.21)。总之,以自由选择的方式给犊牛供应不同来源的粗饲料可以提高采食量和生长性能,且不影响干物质、有机物、粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率。同时,不同来源的粗饲料还可以减少非营养性口腔行为并刺激反刍。     

不同来源粗饲料对荷斯坦犊牛生长性能及采食行为的影响

选用179头荷斯坦公犊牛(体重44.7kg、日龄8.3d)参与3个试验,用以评价不同来源粗饲料对其生长性能、表观消化率和采食行为的影响。在每个试验中,犊牛均被分为3组,对照组(CON)犊牛饲喂开食料,不添加任何粗饲料,其他2个处理组饲喂相同的开食料并各添加1种粗饲料:第1个试验中添加切碎的苜蓿(AH)或黑麦干草(RH);第2个试验中添加燕麦干草(OH)或大麦秸秆(BS);第3个试验中添加玉米青贮(CS)或小黑麦青贮(TS)。所有犊牛通过奶瓶饲喂2L代乳料,含量占干物质含量的12.5%,每日饲喂2次,直到日龄第50天。断奶前1周内同样饲喂2L代乳料,含量占干物质含量的12.5%(57d前)。试验在犊牛日龄达到71d时结束,每日记录开食料、代乳料和粗饲料采食量,每周测定犊牛体重。犊牛单圈饲养,且牛床上铺有刨花。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加OH、TS和BS组犊牛开食料采食量升高(0.88vs.1.14、1.17、1.06kg/d),且日增重显著提高(0.72vs.0.93、0.88、0.88kg/d)。饲喂RH、BS、CS和TS组犊牛粗饲料采食量(51g/d)低于AH(120g/d)和OH组(101g/d)。各处理组有机物、干物质和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率无显著差异(分别为81.5%、81.1%、54.4%)。RH、CS和AH组粗蛋白质的表观消化率高于对照组(80.5%vs.76.4%)。与对照组相比,AH组犊牛开食料采食量下降,躺卧的时间较短,AH和RH组犊牛反刍时间延长,优势比(OR)分别为5.24和5.40,且AH和RH组犊牛进行非营养性口腔行为所耗费的时间较少(OR分别为0.38和0.34)。TS组犊牛在饲喂代乳料和固体饲料后1h内进行非营养性口腔行为的时间有缩短的趋势(OR:0.21)。总之,以自由选择的方式给犊牛供应不同来源的粗饲料可以提高采食量和生长性能,且不影响干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率;同时,不同来源的粗饲料还可以减少非营养性口腔行为并刺激反刍。     

青贮玉米秸秆对肉牛生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

为研究青贮玉米秸秆对肉牛生长性能和屠宰性能的影响,试验选取体重相近的11~12月龄西门塔尔杂交公牛30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,分别饲喂风干玉米秸秆(CS)、风干玉米秸秆与青贮玉米秸秆1:1(CSS)、青贮玉米秸秆(SS),每天饲喂等量的精料,试验期60d。结果表明:CSS、SS组较CS组平均日增重分别增加24.2%、44.0%(P<0.05),料肉比分别降低15.1%、24.7%(P<0.05);SS组较CSS组平均日增重增加15.9%,料肉比下降11.25%(P<0.05)。CSS、SS组较CS组热胴体重分别增加14.1%、26.1%(P<0.05),屠宰率分别增加9.9%、18.1%(P<0.05),净肉率分别增加6.0%、7.9%(P<0.05);SS组热胴体重、屠宰率较CSS组分别增加10.5%、7.4%(P<0.05),其余指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,饲喂青贮玉米秸秆能显著改善肉牛生长性能及屠宰性能。     

生物技术在粗饲料资源开发上的应用

粗饲料是指总干物质中粗纤维含量在18%以上的饲料.主要包括干草类、农副产品类(荚、壳、藤、蔓、秸、秧等)、树叶类、糟渣类等.这类饲料的特点是粗纤维多、体积大、难消化、可直接利用养分少.如何有效地开发利用这一潜在的饲料资源,提高其消化率和营养价值已成为畜牧业中一个重要的研究课题.目前,对粗饲料的利用主要采取直接饲喂和碱化、氨化处理后饲喂.前者对饲料有效成分利用率太低,后者对秸秆类饲料处理效果也不十分理想.粗饲料消化率低,可直接利用     

中草药添加剂对断奶獭兔生产性能及腹泻的影响

本试验添加不同水平中草药添加剂并与西药作对比,研究其对断奶獭兔生产性能与腹泻的影响。选用体重相近的30日龄断奶獭兔80只,随机分为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ 4组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%喹乙醇预混剂和1.0%、1.5%、2.0%中草药进行饲喂。结果表明,试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组可降低断奶獭兔腹泻频率;与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组在獭兔平均日增重上均差异极显著(P<0.01),试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组饲料粗蛋白质消化率均显著提高(P<0.05);与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅲ组粗脂肪消化率达极显著水平(P<0.01)。4组对獭兔屠宰性能、肌肉品质和毛皮品质均无显著影响(P>0.05),其中熟肉率、皮张面积和被毛密度有增加的趋势,但各组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。因此,以添加1.5%中草药添加剂对防制断奶獭兔腹泻与提高生产性能效果较好。     

红花粕和水飞蓟粕对生长獭兔的营养价值评定

本试验旨在通过饲养试验和消化试验来评定红花粕和水飞蓟粕在生长獭兔上的营养价值。选取18只60日龄左右、平均体重(1.73±0.21)kg、健康状况良好的白色獭兔,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只兔。各组分别饲喂基础饲粮、红花粕饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%红花粕)和水飞蓟粕饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%水飞蓟粕)。预试期和正试期各5 d。采用化学分析法测定红花粕和水飞蓟粕的总能(GE)及各营养物质含量,采用全收粪法测定生长獭兔对各营养物质的表观消化率。结果表明:红花粕和水飞蓟粕中的GE、干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)以及无氮浸出物(NFE)的含量分别为:18.81 MJ/kg、93.76%、23.94%、14.95%、19.92%、11.99%、2.19%、1.64%、4.93%、0.37%、0.57%、49.32%与17.12 MJ/kg、91.94%、23.62%、16.21%、38.57%、22.73%、4.04%、2.07%、5.31%、0.29%、0.68%、42.09%。生长獭兔对红花粕和水飞蓟粕中GE、DM、CP、CF、NDF、ADF、EE、Ash、Ca、P和NFE的表观消化率分别为62.60%、61.72%、62.39%、15.68%、26.30%、14.75%、80.69%、38.35%、59.35%、31.98%、79.61%与63.13%、61.94%、68.01%、15.74%、27.64%、14.98%、79.90%、38.20%、60.44%、32.99%、79.81%。由此可见,生长獭兔对红花粕和水飞蓟粕中的不同营养成分的表观消化率存在一定差异,结合2种原料各营养物质含量总体分析,2种原料均可作为獭兔的蛋白质饲料资源应用,并且对生长獭兔的营养价值相近。     

饲粮纤维源及粗纤维水平对肉兔营养物质消化率、肠道消化酶活性及盲肠菌群多样性的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮纤维源及粗纤维(CF)水平对肉兔营养物质消化率、肠道消化酶活性及盲肠菌群多样性的影响。试验采用双因子试验设计,依据等能等氮原则,设2种纤维源(苜蓿草粉、稻壳粉)、3个CF水平(12%、14%、16%),共配制6种试验饲粮。选择144只70~80日龄、平均体重(2 002±77)g的健康伊拉生长肉兔,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只兔,单笼饲养。饲养试验为期4周,饲养试验期末,采用全收粪法进行消化试验,之后进行屠宰,取肠道食糜用于消化酶活性及盲肠菌群多样性的测定。结果表明:1)苜蓿草粉组干物质(DM)、CF、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、木质素(ADL)的消化率显著或极显著高于稻壳粉组(P0.05或P0.01),粗蛋白质(CP)消化率则极显著低于稻壳粉组(P0.01);12%CF水平组DM、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、ADF的消化率显著高于14%CF水平组(P0.05),同时该组能量的消化率及表观消化能(ADE)极显著高于14%、16%CF水平组(P0.01)。2)稻壳粉组十二指肠胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于苜蓿草粉组(P0.01)。与14%、16%CF水平组相比,12%CF水平组的空肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性及盲肠纤维素酶活性均最低。3)纤维源对盲肠菌群丰富度和香农指数无显著影响(P0.05),但苜蓿草粉组的盲肠菌群均衡指数极显著高于稻壳粉组(P0.01)。CF水平对盲肠菌群丰富度和香农指数有显著影响(P0.05),其中16%CF水平组的数值均为最高。综上所述,在本试验条件下:1)苜蓿草粉组肉兔DM、CF、ADF、ADL的消化率及盲肠菌群均衡指数显著或极显著高于稻壳粉组,但十二指肠胰蛋白酶活性极显著低于稻壳粉组。2)饲粮CF水平为12%时肉兔的ADE和各主要营养物质的消化率最高;CF水平越高,肉兔空肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性和盲肠纤维素酶活性越高;饲粮CF水平为16%时肉兔盲肠菌群的多样性较高。     

肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉对其生产性能、消化率及血清指标的影响

本研究目的在于评价在玉米－豆粕型基础饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉对肥育猪的利用价值。选取体重约５０ｋｇ的杜×长×大三元杂交猪４０头,采用单因子完全随机设计,分为５个组,每组４个重复,分别在饲粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉,依次为：０（对照组）,１０％（试验Ｉ组）,１５％（试验ＩＩ组）,２０％（试验ＩＩＩ组）,２０％＋０．１％纤维素酶（试验ＩＶ 组）,各组主要营养指标相同。测定肥育猪饲喂含不同水平苜蓿草粉饲粮后主要生产性能、消化率及血清中主要生化指标的变化。结果表明,１）试验ＩＩ、ＩＩＩ、ＩＶ 组平均日增重、采食量较对照组明显提高,而试验ＩＩ、ＩＶ 组的料肉比明显降低,因此,添加１５％的苜蓿草粉或２０％的苜蓿草粉＋０．１％ 纤维素酶有利于提高肥育猪的体重及饲料转化率。２）试验Ｉ、ＩＩ组和对照组相比,其干物质、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率均不同程度提高;虽然试验ＩＩＩ、ＩＶ 组上述４项指标的表观消化率和对照组相近或稍高,但试验ＩＶ 组各主要指标优于试验ＩＩＩ组,说明添加１０％和１５％的苜蓿草粉有利于提高营养物质的表观消化率,苜蓿草粉添加至２０％时加纤维素酶对各项指标消化率有改进。３）肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉,降低了其血液甘油三酯、胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,升高了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量。试验证明,在肥育猪饲粮中添加１５％紫花苜蓿草粉对肥育猪生产性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的改善有利,苜蓿草粉降低血液胆固醇的功能可能是其中皂苷的作用。     

Effects of Feeding Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles on Growth and Feed Efficiency of Weanling Horses

The effects of replacing corn and soybean meal with distiller's dried grains and solubles in the weanling horse diet were examined. Sixteen weanling horses, 12 fillies and four colts, were fed completely pelleted diets consisting of 50% alfalfa in addition to 50% of a concentrate containing either corn and soybean meal (CS), or 30% of the concentrate replaced with distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). There were no significant differences (P > .05) between the two diets in either average daily gain or gain-to-feed ratio. The CS diet had a higher apparent dry matter digestibility (P < .0001), and higher apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < .01). It was concluded that replacing a portion of the corn and soybean meal with distiller's dried grains with solubles in the weanling horse diet did not lead to significant growth depression. However, the diet containing DDGS had reduced apparent digestibility of dry matter, CP, and fiber. Therefore, it was concluded that it may not be advisable to replace more than 30% of the concentrate portion or 15% of the total diet with distiller's dried grains and solubles when alfalfa is used as the forage source constituting 50% of the weanling diet. Even less DDGS may be desirable to substitute for corn and soybean meal in weanling horse diets if the forage source is one with lower protein quality than alfalfa. It is possible that using DDGS for less than 30% of the concentrate portion of the diet along with high-quality alfalfa forage may produce comparable gain and feed efficiency results with less depression of apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and fiber.     

不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响。试验选用200只健康、体重接近的断奶福建黄兔,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。4组分别饲喂由添加比例为25%的苜蓿草粉、甜菜渣、燕麦草、大麦糠为纤维饲料原料配制而成的饲粮。试验期为60 d,于试验第54天以全收粪法进行消化试验,屠宰后测定十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度及二者比值,盲肠纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶活性。结果表明：①苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、不溶性纤维（IDF）、可溶性纤维（SDF）的消化率均极显著高于大麦糠与燕麦草组（P<0.01）。其中,甜菜渣组不溶性纤维、可溶性纤维的消化率最高,与苜蓿草粉组差异显著（P<0.05）。②苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的绒毛高度极显著高于大麦糠组（P<0.01）,但显著低于燕麦草组（P<0.05）,隐窝深度显著低于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.05）,其中甜菜渣组隐窝深度最低。甜菜渣组的绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）最高,极显著高于其他组（P<0.01）。③苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组盲肠3种纤维消化酶活性均极显著高于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.01）,其中甜菜渣组的3种酶活均极显著高于苜蓿草粉组（P<0.01）。综上所述,对比4种纤维饲粮,在饲粮配方中添加25%的甜菜渣能提高肉兔的表观消化率与盲肠纤维消化酶活性,并能改善十二指肠组织形态。     

苜蓿草粉对肉兔生产性能和肌肉氨基酸含量的影响

采用随机区组设计,将120只日本大耳白兔(Dryctolagus cuniculus)分为6个组,分别在饲粮中添加0%(对照组)、20%(试验1组)、30%(试验2组)、40%(试验3组)、50%(试验4组)和60%(试验5组)的苜蓿(Medicagosativa L.)草粉,试验期45d,测定饲喂不同水平苜蓿草粉饲粮,以观察肉兔的主要生产性能指标和肌肉中氨基酸含量变化。结果表明:试验组采食量、日增重、料重比均优于对照组,其中以试验4组最佳;除试验Ⅴ组外,其他试验组的屠宰率和全净膛屠宰率均高于对照组,但各组间差异不显著而肝脏重和脾脏重随苜蓿草粉添加量的升高依次增加,各试验组均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组;随苜蓿草粉添加量的增大,肉兔肌肉内总氨基酸量、鲜味氨基酸和必需氨基酸有升高的趋势,改善了肉的风味,提高了肉的营养价值。因此认为,在肉兔饲粮中苜蓿草粉比例在50%左右时有提高生产性能、改善肌肉品质的作用。     

复方中药对断奶獭兔生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、免疫功能及屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平的复方中药对断奶獭兔生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、免疫功能及屠宰性能的影响.将70只60日龄断奶仔獭兔随机分为7组,每组5个重复,每个重复2只.Ⅰ组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素对照组,饲喂在基础日粮中添加抗生素(含50 mg/kg杆菌肽锌、10 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素)的日粮;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组为中药试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加1%、2%、3%、4%、5%复方中药的日粮.预试期7 d,正试期45 d.结果表明:①Ⅳ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P< 0.05),料重比显著低于其他各试验组(P< 0.05).②在干物质表观消化率上,Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P< 0.05),Ⅶ组显著高于Ⅰ组 (P< 0.05);在粗纤维表观消化率上,Ⅳ组极显著高于Ⅰ组(P< 0.01),Ⅶ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P< 0.05);在中性洗涤纤维表观消化率上,Ⅳ组极显著高于Ⅰ组(P< 0.01),显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ组(P< 0.05);在酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率上,Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ组(P< 0.05);在粗蛋白质表观消化率上,Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P< 0.05).③各试验组间免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)含量差异均不显著(P> 0.05);Ⅳ组脾脏指数显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ组(P< 0.05).④各试验组间屠宰率、半净膛屠宰率、全净膛屠宰率差异均不显著(P> 0.05).综上所述,日粮中添加复方中药和抗生素都可提高断奶獭兔生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、免疫功能及屠宰性能,且添加2%复方中药效果最好.     

Digestibility of fiber components and reproductive performance of sows fed high levels of alfalfa meal

Two experiments were conducted with second-parity sows fed either 5 or 50% alfalfa meal diets (Exp. 1) or 5, 50 or 95% alfalfa meal diets (Exp. 2) beginning 30 d after breeding and continuing through lactation, 21 d postpartum. Diets in both experiments were calculated to be equal in crude protein, but different in metabolizable energy content. Feed intake was restricted to 2 kg/d during gestation and ad libitum during lactation. Sows were tethered in metabolism crates 45 d after breeding. Total feces were collected during two 5-d collection periods, 60 and 100 d after breeding. Digestibilities of dry matter, fiber components (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and cellulose), protein and energy were determined in both experiments for all diets and periods of gestation. In both experiments, there was a reduction (P less than .05) in digestibility of dry matter, fiber components, protein and energy with increasing fiber levels for both periods of gestation. In Exp. 1, the decrease in digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and energy was greater at 100 d gestation than at 60 d in sows fed 50% alfalfa. In Exp. 2, 50 and 95% dietary alfalfa reduced 60-d digestibilities of dry matter, all fiber constituents, energy and protein; these digestibilities were further reduced (P less than .05) at 100 d of gestation. In Exp. 1, weight gains of sows fed 5 and 50% alfalfa diets from breeding to 109 d gestation, were 42 and 18 kg/sow (5 greater than 50% level, P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine on Growth Performance,Nutrients Apparent Digestibility,Immune Function and Slaughter Performance of Weaning Rex Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of compound Chinese medicine on growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits.70 healthy Rex rabbits at age of 60 days were divided into 7 groups with 5 replicates per group and 2 rabbits per replicate.Group Ⅰ was fed with basic diet as control group,group Ⅱ was fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (contains 50 mg/kg milligrams bacitracin zinc,10 mg/kg colistin sulfate).The other five groups (Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1%,2%,3%,4%,5% compound Chinese medicine,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 45 days.The results showed as follows:①The ADG in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P< 0.05),the F/G in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in other groups (P< 0.05).②The apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰand Ⅱ (P< 0.05),the apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),the apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of NDF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),and significantly higher than that in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of ADF in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CP in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P< 0.05).③ There were no significant differences in the contents of IgG,IgA and IgM of serum among all groups (P> 0.05),the spleen index in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ (P< 0.05).④There were no significant differences in the slaughter rate,half eviscerated slaughter rate and all eviscerated slaughter rate among all groups (P> 0.05).In summary,adding compound Chinese medicine and antibiotics in the feed both could improve the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits,and the appropriate compound Chinese medicine level in the diet of weaning Rex rabbits was 2%.     

Induced non-enzymatic browning of soybean meal. III. Digestibility and efficiency of protein utilization by ruminants of soybean meal treated with xylose or glucose

Trials were conducted to evaluate effects of non-enzymatic browning of soybean meal (SBM) on efficiency of protein utilization and N digestibility. In trial 1, 48 Suffolk-Finnsheep lambs (22 kg) were fed 80 d to evaluate efficiency of protein utilization for growth when supplemental protein was fed as urea (U), commercial SBM (CS), or commercial SBM (pH 8.5, 83% dry matter) containing xylose (3 mol/mol SBM-lysine) and heated 30 min (XTS-30) or 55 min (XTS-55). Diets containing graded levels of N from CS, XTS-30 and XTS-55 were fed. Response criterion was efficiency of protein utilization, plotted as gains of lambs fed test proteins minus gain of lambs fed U vs supplemental test protein fed. Efficiencies of protein utilization were .62, 1.27 and .91 for CS, XTS-30 and XTS-55, respectively. Protein from XTS-30 was used more efficiently (P less than .05) than that from CS. In trial 2, apparent digestibility of N from CS (97%) was higher (P less than .01) than XTS-30 (77%) and XTS-55 (82%) by Suffolk-Finnsheep lambs (27 kg). In trial 3, 60 mixed-breed steers (218 kg) were fed individually for 105 d to evaluate glucose as a reducing sugar. Glucose-treated SBM (GTS) was prepared by mixing glucose (3 mol/mol SBM lysine) with SBM, adjusting pH and dry matter content to 8.5 and 80%, respectively, and heating at 150 C for 60 min. Supplemental N sources were U, CS, GTS and a 50:50 mixture (protein basis) of corn gluten meal and blood meal (CGM/BM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)