呼和浩特地区布氏杆菌bp26基因序列分析

为了研究呼和浩特地区布氏杆菌的分子生物学特点,试验采用分子生物学手段,根据Gen-Bank已发表的布氏杆菌bp26基因序列设计1对引物,提取布氏杆菌分离株的DNA进行PCR扩增并测序,再与参考菌株的bp26基因序列进行同源性比较、分析。结果表明:成功扩增了布氏杆菌呼和浩特分离株bp26基因,包含1个完整的开放性阅读框753 bp,与羊种(马耳他)布氏杆菌16M、C68株的同源性为100%;与猪种1330株、牛种290株、S19的同源性分别为99.9%、99.9%、98.5%。     

猪种布氏杆菌WboA基因缺失株对绵羊的免疫剂量及免疫程序研究

为优化猪种布氏杆菌WboA基因缺失株(B.suisΔWboA)对绵羊的免疫条件,本研究采用1岁左右的成年雌性绵羊对B.suisΔWboA的免疫剂量及免程序进行了比较研究。实验分5个组进行,其中A、B、C 3个试验组分别以2倍剂量重复接种、4倍剂量重复接种和单剂量1次接种B.suisΔWboA,D组单剂量1次接种猪种布氏杆菌S2疫苗株(B.suis S2),E组为空白对照组。各组羊首免后7 d、21 d和35 d分别采血,测定血清抗体水平;在首免后35 d,分别采用布氏杆菌强毒菌M28株(B.melitensis M28),经腹股沟皮下注射攻毒。攻毒后28 d,分别取试验羊的脾脏分离攻毒菌株。所有试验羊,在实施攻毒前,其精神、食欲均正常。血清抗体测定结果表明,在二免7 d、21 d后,A组和B组试验羊的抗体水平明显高于C组,而且均超过D组试验羊的抗体水平。攻毒后的细菌分离结果表明,攻毒后28 d,A组和B组试验羊的脾脏细菌分离数量明显低于C组试验羊,并且均低于D组试验羊的细菌分离水平。实验结果表明,B.suisΔWboA的免疫剂量由单倍改为2倍或4倍,免疫程序由单剂量1次改为2倍或4倍剂量2次,可以明显提高免疫效果,并达到与亲本疫苗菌株B.suis S2的免疫水平。     

布鲁菌S19疫苗株znuA单基因及bp26/znuA双基因缺失株的构建及鉴定

通过等位基因交换,分别敲除牛流产型布鲁菌减毒活疫苗S19株和缺失株S19-Δbp26的znuA基因,构建了布鲁菌znuA基因单缺失株S19-ΔznuA和bp26、znuA基因双缺失株S19-Δbp26-ΔznuA,对获得的2种缺失株进行形态学、生长特性、稳定性和基因测序验证。结果表明,S19株和S19-Δbp26株的znuA基因均成功缺失,生长特性表示2种缺失株与亲本株生长基本无差异;体外连续传至20代,菌落PCR鉴定及基因测序结果显示2种缺失株均遗传稳定。牛流产型布鲁菌单缺失株S19-ΔznuA和双缺失株S19-ΔznuA-Δbp26的成功构建为布鲁菌新型疫苗的研发、布鲁菌感染动物过程中ZnuA蛋白的作用机理及其与Bp26蛋白之间关系的研究奠定了基础。     

8株布氏杆菌BCSP31基因的序列分析

参照GenBank中布氏杆菌的全基因组序列，设计一对特异性引物，通过PCR方法，扩增了8株来自3个布氏杆菌种的布氏杆菌表面蛋白31（BCSP31）全基因。PCR产物经克隆和序列分析后发现，该基因非常保守，8株不同菌株间的同源性高于99．3％；进化关系分析显示，5株中国来源的菌株（S2，M5，M111，M28，A387）显示了最近的同源关系，其中2个弱毒菌株S2和M5的BCSP31基因序列100％同源。3株外国来源的菌株（S19，2308，Rev．1）中，S19和2308同源性为100％。Rev．1与其他7株布氏杆菌BCSP31基因均有较大的差异。序列分析结果表明，BCSP31基因序列差异与布氏杆菌的种属和毒力无相关性。     

羊种布鲁菌分离株bp26及omp10基因的分子进化与变异分析

为了解羊种布鲁菌内蒙古分离株和疫苗株的遗传变异情况,对羊种布鲁菌分离株B1、B2、B3、B4以及疫苗株M5、S2、A19的bp26及omp10基因进行了扩增、克隆和序列分析,并与国内外的代表性毒株进行了序列比对。结果显示:4株分离株的bp26序列长度均为900bp,开放阅读框为753bp,与疫苗株M5同源性为100%,疫苗株S2和A19的同源性为99.99%;分析发现所有序列中共有4处变异,A19 bp26基因的CDS区第304位A→G和第405位C→T突变,S2 bp26基因的第498位C→T和727位G→A突变;其中304位的A→G的变异导致其编码的氨基酸发生了从天冬酰胺(N)到天冬氨酸(D),727位G→A的变异导致氨基酸发生了缬氨酸(V)到异亮氨酸(I)的变化;而分离株和疫苗株M5未发生变异。4株分离株的omp10序列长度均为513bp,开放阅读框为396bp,同源性为99.99%,与疫苗株S2和A19同源性为100%;分析发现疫苗株M5的omp10基因序列发生了1处变异,第144位C→T,但没有引起氨基酸改变,其他菌株没有发生变异。     

布氏杆菌S2疫苗株GL_0002181基因的原核表达

为了鉴别羊种布氏杆菌自然感染和S2疫苗(猪种)免疫羊,选用布氏杆菌S2疫苗株进行了全基因组测序,预测出的编码基因与已公布的布氏杆菌基因组数据库比对分析,找出S2特有基因GL_0002181,对GL_0002181基因进行原核表达及免疫原性验证,同时用BP26蛋白作为对照组。Western blot结果显示:以S2疫苗免疫绵羊血清作为检测抗体,重组菌BL21(pETGL_0002181)、BL21(pETBP26)与BL21(DE3)空菌比较,分别在31 ku、32 ku处出现了特异性条带,说明重组蛋白能够与S2免疫血清中的抗体发生特异性反应,具有较好的免疫原性;而重组表达菌BL21(pETGL_0002181)菌体蛋白与自然感染血清不反应,重组蛋白BP26与自然感染血清反应,说明GL_0002181基因在S2疫苗株中存在,在羊种自然流行株中不存在。结果表明:GL_0002181抗原可用于布氏杆菌S2疫苗免疫与羊种布氏杆菌自然感染鉴别诊断,为布氏杆菌病有效诊断提供理论依据。     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清7型apxIV基因缺失突变株的构建和鉴定

ApxIV是胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的一种RTX毒素,为探究其在胸膜肺炎放线杆菌致病过程中的作用,以血清7型APP HB04为亲本菌株,通过接合转移和负向筛选方法,构建了一株apxIV基因缺失突变株。通过PCR、序列分析、Southern blot分析及遗传稳定性分析等证明成功构建了突变株。对突变株生物学特性进行初步研究,发现突变株与亲本菌株相比,体外生长速度未发生明显变化,对小鼠的致病力有所降低。结果表明,毒素ApxⅣ在胸膜肺炎放线杆菌致病过程中发挥一定作用。突变株的成功构建及生物学特性研究为进一步阐明胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的致病性及开发更为安全、高效的基因工程疫苗奠定了坚实基础。     

S2株布氏杆菌减毒活疫苗免疫效果观察

2010年初,某规模养殖场奶牛群发生布氏杆菌病流行和蔓延,能繁母牛出现流产、死胎的症状。根据检疫结果对布病阳性牛隔离淘汰处理,对布病阴性牛（假定健康牛）进行免疫接种。奶牛群口服接种S2株活疫苗后15d,即可检出疫苗诱导的布氏杆菌抗体,30d抗体水平达到高峰（36%）,45～90d抗体阳性率呈现缓慢下降的趋势。免疫接种能有效控制布病感染牛群流产、死胎率,减少由此导致的经济损失。本试验还对鲜乳样本中布氏杆菌核酸开展了PCR检测,对疫苗接种奶牛是否存在乳汁排菌风险进行了讨论。     

Induction of immune response in mice with a DNA vaccine encoding outer membrane protein (omp31) of Brucella melitensis 16M

Brucellosis causes serious economic losses to goat farmers by way of reproductive losses in the form of abortions and stillbirths. Nucleic acid vaccines provide an exciting approach for antigen presentation to the immune system. In this study, we evaluated the ability of DNA vaccine encoding the omp31 protein of Brucella melitensis 16M to induce cellular and humoral immune responses in mice. We constructed eukaryotic expression vectors called pTargeTomp31, encoding outer membrane protein (omp31) of B. melitensis 16M. pTargeTomp31 was injected intramuscularly three times, at 3-week intervals in groups of mice 6 weeks of age. pTargeTomp31 induced good antibody response in ELISA . pTargeTomp31 elicited a T-cell-proliferative response and also induced a strong gamma interferon production upon restimulation with either the omp31 antigen or B. melitensis 16M extract. We also demonstrate that animals immunized with this plasmid elicited a strong and long-lived memory immune response. Furthermore, pTargeTomp31 elicited a typical T-helper 1-dominated immune response in mice, as determined by immunoglobulin G isotype analysis. This vaccine also provided the moderate degree of protection to the mice. This study for the first time focuses on DNA immunization of a gene from B. melitensis. These results may lead to the development of a DNA-based vaccine for the control of brucellosis in goats.     

Immunogenic and protective antigens of Brucella as vaccine candidates

Brucella is an intracellular pathogen that causes abortion in domestic animals and undulant fever in humans. Due to the lack of a human vaccine against brucellosis, animal vaccines play an important role in the management of animal and human brucellosis for decades. Strain 19, RB51 and Rev1 are the approved Brucella spp. vaccine strains that are most commonly used to protect livestock against infection and abortion. However, due to some disadvantages of these vaccines, numerous studies have been conducted for the development of effective vaccines that could also be used in other susceptible animals. In this review, we compare different aspects of immunogenic antigens that have been a candidate for the brucellosis vaccine.     

流产布氏杆菌S19突变株构建及在小鼠感染模型中的免疫保护评估

通过构建标记疫苗株来解决流产布氏杆菌(B.abortus)鉴别诊断方面的缺陷,本研究以bp26基因作为重组靶住点,S19为亲本,利用bp26基因ORF外侧序列作为同源重组序列,卡那霉素抗性基因(Kanr)为抗性筛选标记,通过双交叉重组筛选获得bp26基因缺失突变的重组S19株,命名为S19-△26.小鼠感染结果表明,突变株S19-△26的残留毒力与亲本株S19相比较没有发生明显改变,康复时间约为15周,突变株S19-△26、亲本株S19和B.abortus强毒株S544接种小鼠后的第3周能检测出"O"抗原的特异性抗体,而第6周开始S19和S544接种小鼠BP26特异性抗体明显升高,S19-△26接种的小鼠一直没检测到BP26特异性抗体.小鼠免疫保护试验显示,脾脏分离CFU数比空白对照要低310g10,S544攻击后脾脏细菌分离数表明突变株具有与亲本疫苗株免疫保护性无明显差异.结果表明,S19-△26免疫能够通过血清学方法与野生型B.abortus感染后的免疫反应相区别,具备作为标记疫苗的潜力.     

布鲁氏菌pcDNA3．1-omp17．3基因疫苗的研制

采用PCR方法扩增了布鲁氏菌17．3ku外膜蛋白编码基因，并将该基因克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（＋）中，成功构建了真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1-ompl7．3。pcDNA3．1-omp17．3转染coS-7细胞后，通过Western—blotting检测到了17．3ku蛋白的瞬时表达。将pcDNA3．1-ompl7．3免疫小鼠，三免后经ELISA、流式细胞仪以及ELISPOT技术检测到pcDNA3．1-omp17．3在小鼠体内诱导产生了以Th1型为主的细胞免疫应答。结果表明，构建的基因疫苗可作为潜在的布鲁氏菌新型疫苗，有进一步研究的意义。     

NO/ADMA在布鲁菌侵染小鼠机体过程中的响应特征

本试验旨在研究布鲁菌侵染小鼠过程中一氧化氮(NO)的作用,以及NO和非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)在此过程的相互作用关系。以布鲁菌标准疫苗株M5侵染小鼠,首先用小鼠的血清进行虎红平板凝集(RBPT)和试管凝集试验(SAT),再用Griess试剂法和ELISA法测定对照组和侵染组不同组织和血清中的NO和ADMA含量,对小鼠肝脏和脾脏的各个侵染时间段进行CFU计数观察。结果显示,用布鲁菌M5侵染小鼠后,RBPT和SAT在14d时检测到有阳性反应。侵染组和空白对照组NO总含量上变化不大,但侵染组血清中的NO含量随时间出现下降,而肝脾中NO含量随时间出现上升,其他各组织NO含量波动不明显。而ADMA的总趋势与NO相反。CFU计数结果显示,小鼠肝脾内布鲁菌的数量在14d时一直处于增长状态,28d时布鲁菌的数量下降,表明布鲁菌的分裂繁殖和机体NO的含量存在一定的关系。     

羊布鲁菌16MOmp25真核表达载体的构建

利用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）,以羊布鲁菌16M基因组为模板克隆Omp25基因,设计含有EcoRI和xhoI酶切位点的引物序列,定向克隆到真核表达载体pCMV-HA上,构建真核表达重组质粒pCMV-HA～Omp25。经测序及双酶切验证正确,证明成功构建了pCMV-HA—Omp25真核表达质粒,为表达纯化外膜蛋白Omp25,研究其功能奠定基础。     

原核表达山羊布氏杆菌M5-90VirB12蛋白及其在检测中的初步应用

为建立山羊布氏杆菌(Brucellar melitensis)血清学检测方法,本实验克隆了B.melitensisM5-90疫苗株的virB12基因,并表达了相应蛋白.经SDS-PAGE和western blot鉴定,重组VirB12蛋白分质量约为25 ku,具有较好的抗原性.以纯化的virB12重组蛋白为抗原建立间接ELISA方法,并检测90份B.melitensis临床血清样品,检测结果与试剂盒及虎红平板凝集试验的检测结果符合率均为91.7%,结果表明,VirB12重组蛋白作为包被抗原可用于B.melitensis感染的血清检测,为进一步建立B.melitensisM5-90 virB12缺失标记疫苗的鉴别检测提供方法.     

Development, characterization, and preliminary evaluation of a temperature-sensitive mutant of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale for potential use as a live vaccine in turkeys

A temperature-sensitive (Ts) mutant strain of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) was developed after exposure of the wild-type organism to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The Ts mutant strain grew at 31 C but had its growth inhibited at 41 C unlike wild-type parent strain. The Ts mutant and parent strains were characterized. Morphologic and biochemical properties of wild-type and mutant strains did not show any differences. The strains were also characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based fingerprinting methods. Results showed similar patterns in repetitive sequences by repetitive PCR (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus, highly conserved repeated DNA elements present in Streptococcus pneumoniae (BOX), repetitive extragenic palindromic, and Salmonella enteritidis repetitive element primers); however, random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting was able to differentiate mutant and parent strains showing a unique pattern for each of the ORT strains. The rationale for the use of a Ts strain as a vaccine is based on the ability of the mutant to colonize the upper respiratory tract but not the lower respiratory tract and systemic system of the birds, where the wild-type strain causes severe lesions. In a preliminary evaluation, Ts strain of ORT was recovered from tracheas and choanae of Ts-treated turkeys for 13 days postadministration of the strain either in drinking water or by oculonasal instillation. Humoral immune response was detected in Ts-vaccinated but not in control group birds after 3 wk postadministration. Results suggest that Ts strain of ORT has promising potential use as a live vaccine for ORT.     

Evaluation of a protease activation mutant of Sendai virus as a potent live vaccine.

A protease activation mutant of Sendai virus, TR-5, was investigated as a candidate for a live vaccine. Vaccination with TR-5 which had been activated by chymotrypsin beforehand (active TR-5) elicited protective immunity against otherwise lethal challenge infection with wild-type Sendai virus in DBA/2, C3H and ICR strains of mice. Less of the active TR-5 was required to confer protection on mice compared with an ordinary ether-inactivated Sendai virus vaccine (split vaccine). The protective immunity elicited by TR-5 lasted longer and the booster effect was more prominent compared to the split vaccine. No seroconversion was observed with contact mice when housed in a cage with mice vaccinated with the active TR-5. The overall results show that the active TR-5 is an effective and safe live vaccine of Sendai virus in mice.