Feline Hemoperitoneum 16 Cases (1986-1993)

Sixteen cases of feline, non-traumatic hemoperitoneum were evaluated retrospectively. The median age was 5.75 years (range 1.5 - 16 years). There were eight male and eight female cats. Common presenting complaints (n=13) were anorexia (37%), lethargy (31%), and recumbency (31%). Physical examination findings (n=11) included depressed mentation (100%), hypothermia (89%), pale mucous membranes (82%), and poor quality pulses (80%). The median initial peripheral packed cell volume (n=11) was 24% (range 17-55%). In four out of six cases where abdominocentesis was performed, the packed cell volume of the abdominal fluid ranged from 18% to 24%, and matched the peripheral packed cell volume (range 15 - 26%). Some common abnormalities in the serum chemistry screens 9n=6) were elevated alanine aminotransferase in 83% (5/6) of the cats (range 55-5828 U/l) and elevated alkaline phosphatase in 50% (3/6) of the cats (range 18-402 U/l). Ten cats (63%) were euthanized, three (19%) were presented dead on arrival, two (12%) are still alive, and one (6%) were euthanized, three (19%) were presented dead on arrival, two 912%) are still alive, and one (6%) died. The causes of hemoperitoneum were hepatic neoplasia (31%), hepatic necrosis (19%), hepatic amyloidosis (13%), non hepatic neoplasia (13%), hepatopathy (6%), hepatic rupture (6%), necrotic/hemorrhagic cystitis (6%), and ruptured bladder (6%).     

犬籍注册登记公告(十六)

证书编号犬名品种芯片号犬住所犬主姓名0004497杰克德国牧羊犬156011113002248上海市卢金燕0004416迪丝德国牧羊犬156011113003668江苏省盐城市龚福茂0004415迪克德国牧羊犬156011113003156江苏省盐城市龚福茂0004414红力德国牧羊犬156011113003421江苏省盐城市龚福茂0004413浩     

奶牛的极早期(16±1天)妊娠诊断方法

影响奶牛繁殖力的因素很多,诸如遗传选育、精液品质、营养、环境、管理、疾病等,但有一点值得注意,即母牛的早期妊娠诊断。在生产实践中,如早期妊娠诊断跟不上,则极易造成发情母牛的失配和已妊娠母牛的误配,从而延长产犊时间。只要失配13.5个发情周期(283天)就相当于少产一头牛,以至损失一个泌乳期的泌乳量。因此,有必要继续探索更快捷、简单、经济有效的早期妊娠诊断方法。这对于及时做好妊娠母牛的饲养管理以及未孕母牛的下一繁殖期的配种工作,将繁殖损失降到最低,提高经济效益具有重要意义。奶牛的妊娠诊断最初是依据配种后是否返情来判…     

Laryngeal paralysis in cats: 16 cases (1990-1999)

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical signs, physical examination findings, radiographic features, and concurrent diseases in cats with laryngeal paralysis, as well as evaluate the outcome of medical or surgical management. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 16 cats. PROCEDURE: Medical records from January 1990 to April 1999 were examined for cats with laryngeal paralysis. Signalment, clinical signs, physical examination findings, cervical and thoracic radiographic findings, laryngeal examination results, and clinical outcome were reviewed. RESULTS: No breed or sex predilection was identified in 16 cats with laryngeal paralysis. The most common clinical signs included tachypnea or dyspnea, dysphagia, weight loss, change in vocalization, coughing, and lethargy. Clinical signs were evident for a median of 245 days. Airway obstruction was apparent on cervical and thoracic radiographic views in 9 cats. Examination of the larynx revealed bilateral laryngeal paralysis in 12 cats and unilateral laryngeal paralysis in 4 cats. The 4 cats with unilateral disease were managed with medical treatment, and 3 of these had acceptable long-term outcomes. Seven of 12 cats with bilateral paralysis underwent surgery; procedures performed included left arytenoid tie back, bilateral arytenoid tie back and ventriculo-cordectomy, and partial left arytenoidectomy. One cat was euthanatized as a result of complications from surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Laryngeal paralysis is an uncommon cause of airway obstruction in cats. Cats with less severe clinical signs (often with unilateral paralysis) may be successfully managed with medical treatment, whereas cats with severe airway obstruction (often with bilateral paralysis) may benefit from surgical intervention.     

Ultrastructural Changes in Hepatocytes Induced by Pregnenolone-16a-Carbonitrile (PCN)

Pretreatment with pregnenolone-16a-carbonitrile (PCN) protects the rat against the toxic effects of indomethacin, digitoxin, cyclophosphamide and many other injurious agents. In experiments in vivo Selye has recently shown that conditioning by higher PCN doses gives broader “protection spectra”. In the present experiments, we studied the effect of different doses of PCN on the ultrastructure of the hepatocytes. PCN was administered to the groups of female rats at doses of 1.0, 0.1 and 0.03 mg, twice daily for three days respectively. Sixteen hours after the last dose, the specimens of liver tissue were fixed, dehydrated and embedded in Epon resin; the ultrathin sections selected from midzonal areas were negatively stained and studied under the electron microscope.

We found that PCN produces morphological changes in rat hepatocytes mainly by smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (SER) proliferation and that the degree of ultrastructural alteration is dose dependent.

     

Progressive Juvenile Glomerulonephropathy in 16 Related French Mastiff (Bordeaux) Dogs

Background: Familial juvenile glomerulonephropathy (JGN) is reported in several breeds of dogs. The mode of inheritance and spectrum of pathological lesions vary among breeds. A progressive JGN was detected in a pedigree of French Mastiff (FM) dogs. Objectives: To describe clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic findings in related FM dogs suffering from progressive JGN and to determine the mode of inheritance of this condition. Animals: Sixteen affected and 35 healthy related FM dogs Methods: FM dogs <24 months of age and diagnosed with chronic kidney disease with evidence of proteinuria entered the study. Clinical, laboratory, histopathologic findings, and pedigree data were recorded. Results: Clinical signs were typical of progressive glomerulopathy with resultant renal failure. Increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and total cholesterol concentrations, and proteinuria were found in all patients. Affected dogs had abnormal kidney structure on abdominal ultrasound examination. Histopathologic examination revealed extensive cystic glomerular atrophy, glomerular hypercellularity, and capillary wall thickening without immune complex deposition when tested with immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy did not disclose specific primary glomerular lesions. Mean age at death was 20 months and mean length of survival after diagnosis was 6 months. Both males and females from healthy parents were affected. An autosomal recessive mode of transmission is suspected, but a more complex mode of inheritance cannot be excluded. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Progressive familial JGN occurs in FM dogs. Characterization of the pathogenesis and mode of inheritance of this disease warrants additional study.     

Tracheal rupture in cats: 16 cases (1983-1998)

OBJECTIVE: To determine causes of tracheal rupture in cats and the mechanism of injury. DESIGN: A retrospective study was conducted to identify cats with tracheal rupture. A second study was conducted to establish mechanism of injury, and a third study was conducted to determine volume of air needed to obtain an airtight seal when inflating the cuff of an endotracheal tube in a cat. ANIMALS: 16 cats with clinical signs of tracheal rupture, 10 cat cadavers, and 20 clinically normal cats that were undergoing anesthesia. PROCEDURES: Details were extracted from medical records of 16 cats with tracheal rupture (9 treated surgically and 7 treated conservatively). For the cadaver study, the trachea of each cat cadaver was intubated and observed during overinflation of the endotracheal tube cuff. For clinically normal cats, volume of air needed to obtain an airtight seal for the endotracheal tube was recorded. RESULTS: Most ruptures were associated with cats anesthetized for dental procedures. Clinical signs associated with tracheal rupture included subcutaneous emphysema, coughing, gagging, dyspnea, anorexia, and fever. Tracheoscopy was the method of choice for documenting tracheal rupture. Surgical and conservative management were successfully used, unless the injury extended to the carina. In the cadaver study, overinflation of the endotracheal tube cuff with > 6 ml of air resulted in tracheal rupture in 7 of 10 cadavers. For clinically normal cats, the volume of air (mean +/- SD) needed to obtain an airtight seal was 1.6 +/- 0.7 ml. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Overinflation of an endotracheal tube cuff may result in tracheal rupture in cats.     

Execution of the animal protection law (section 16a TierSchG)

The measures of execution as laid down in section 16 a of the animal protection law (TierSchG) are of great importance in the daily work of the state offices for veterinary affairs to put an end to conditions of animal treatment offending against the law. Compared to the other available legal means 1. the administrative offences (fines) and 2. the penal law (fines or imprisonment) they offer the advantage that the guilt of the animal holder (intent or negligence) need not be proved. A thorough documentation of the controls made at the respective controlled place which offers evidence even in a trial is the main condition for carrying through effective measures of execution. To issue an administrative order requires in particular 1. to observe the principle of precision, 2. to fulfill the obligation to exercise discretion and 3. to provide well-founded reasons to support the decision of immediate execution. To be successful in court, certain basic requirements must also be fulfilled when a fine is imposed or a complaint is made by the state offices of veterinary affairs.     

家蚕丝素结晶区高度重复多肽[GAGAGA]_(16)和[GAGAGS]_(16)的融合蛋白优化表达

为了给深入研究家蚕丝素结晶区的典型肽段结构提供素材,对设计的GST-tag家蚕丝素结晶区典型多肽[GAGAGA]16和[GAGAGS]16的融合蛋白KGA、KGS进行了表达条件优化试验。结果表明,pGEX-KGA和pGEX-KGS表达载体能够有效表达家蚕丝素结晶区的2种典型多肽,KGA和KGS的最佳表达诱导剂IPTG的浓度分别为1.4mmol/L、1.0 mmol/L,诱导时间为5 h。在此优化条件下,KGA和KGS在大肠杆菌(E.coli)中的表达量分别达75 mg/L、110 mg/L。诱导起始时大肠杆菌的菌密度(OD600为0.4~3.0)对2种融合蛋白的表达效率没有显著影响。     

家蚕丝素结晶区典型多肽[GAGAGY]_(16)和[GAGAGV]_(16)的融合蛋白优化表达

家蚕丝素结晶区典型多肽[GAGAGY]16、[GAGAGV]16的GST融合蛋白KGY和KGV是深入研究家蚕丝素结晶区典型多肽聚集态结构的素材。对这2种融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达条件进行优化试验的结果表明,表达载体pGEX-KGY和pGEX-KGV能够有效表达家蚕丝素结晶区的这2种典型多肽。KGY和KGV的最佳诱导表达条件:IPTG浓度分别为0.2 mmol/L和1.0 mmol/L,诱导时间分别为5 h和4 h。在此条件下,2种融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达量分别达115 mg/L和90 mg/L左右。诱导起始时大肠杆菌的菌密度(OD600为0.4～3.0)对2种融合蛋白的表达效率没有显著影响。     

Liver Lobe Torsion in Rabbits: 16 Cases (2007 to 2012)

The objective of this retrospective case series was to determine the clinical signs, diagnostic test results, treatment protocols, and outcomes of rabbits treated for liver lobe torsion during a 5-year period at a large referral institution. A total of 16 rabbits diagnosed with liver lobe torsion at Angell Animal Medical Center (Boston, MA USA) during January 2007 to March 2012 were included in the study. The diagnosis of liver lobe torsion was made at surgery, during abdominal ultrasound, or on postmortem examination. Medical records of the subject animals were reviewed for signalment, history, clinical signs, results of clinical pathology testing, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, surgical and histopathology findings, hospitalization time, and outcome. The most common clinical signs of rabbits diagnosed with liver lobe torsion in this study included anorexia, lethargy, and decreased fecal production lasting 1 day. Lop breeds, particularly mini lops, were overrepresented. Anemia was the most common hematologic abnormality, while elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were the most common serum biochemical abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasonography with Doppler assessment was used in 14 rabbits and provided a diagnosis of liver lobe torsion in all cases. The caudate lobe was involved in 10 rabbits (62.5%, 95% CI: 38.8 to 86.2), followed by the right lateral lobe (n = 5; 31.25%, 95% CI: 8.6 to 53.9), the left lateral lobe (n = 2; 12.5%, 95% CI: 3.7 to 28.7), and the right medial lobe (n = 1; 6.25%, 95% CI: 5.6 to 18.1). Two rabbits had more than 1 torsed liver lobe. Exploratory laparotomy and liver lobectomy were performed in 9 rabbits, and all of them survived. Supportive care alone was provided for 7 rabbits, 3 of which survived. The results suggest that nonspecific clinical signs of anorexia, lethargy, and decreased fecal production, in conjunction with anemia and high serum hepatic enzyme activities, should increase the index of suspicion for liver lobe torsion in rabbits. Abdominal ultrasonography with Doppler assessment is useful to confirm the diagnosis. The long-term prognosis for rabbits undergoing liver lobectomy and surviving the hospitalization period is excellent.     

Demonstration of 16-Unsaturated C-19 Steroids ('Boar Pheromones') in Tissues of the Male Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Contents
Investigations into the role of pheromones in reproductive behaviour have been mainly limited to the boar, with 16-unsaturated C-19 steroids playing a major role. Similarities in the mating behaviour of the camel and pig suggest that pheromones may also be important in the camel. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of 16-unsaturated steroids in camel testes and other tissues. Samples of testicular tissue were obtained by castration from six male camels (9–15 years) and 16-unsaturated steroid content was measured by gas–liquid chromatography (GLC). In addition, samples of the glandula occipitalis ('poll gland'), g. parotis, g. submandibularis and the palatal flap ('dulaa') were obtained from a 10-year-old camel and also analysed for steroid content. Results were confirmed by GC-MS (gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry) in selected testicular samples. 5α-androst-16-en-3-one could be detected in all testicular specimen (range 0.05–1.28  μ g/g tissue) as well as in all the other tissues analysed, with highest concentrations in the glandula occipitalis. 5α-androst-16-en-3β-ol was present in most tissues, whereas 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol was detectable at 0.75  μ g/g only in one testes which also had the highest level of 5α-androst-16-en-3-one. The similarities of these findings to the porcine species suggest a role of 16-unsaturated steroids as pheromones in the camel. Further experimental evidence however, is required to confirm these findings.     

Multilobular osteochondrosarcoma of the canine skull: 16 cases (1978-1988)

The medical records of 12 dogs with multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO) and examined at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University from August 1979 to January 1987 were reviewed. Medical records of 1 dog with MLO and 3 dogs with MLO examined at the Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph and the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, respectively, were also reviewed and included in the study. The mean age of affected dogs was 7.5 years, a single breed did not appear to be overrepresented, and males were affected as frequently as were females. All of the primary lesions affected either the mandible, maxilla, or cranium. Excision was the only treatment in 11 dogs, 2 dogs had radiotherapy in addition to excision, and 1 dog had radiotherapy and chemotherapy after excision. Twelve treated dogs had follow-up information available. Of the 12 treated dogs, 7 (58%) had local recurrence, with median time to recurrence of 14 months. Seven dogs (58%) developed metastatic disease after treatment, with median time to metastasis of 14 months. The median disease-free interval was 12 months, and the median survival time was 21 months. Excision with histologically complete surgical margins appeared to offer good opportunity for long-term tumor control. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the management of MLO remains unclear.     

Spontaneous gastroduodenal perforation in 16 dogs and seven cats (1982-1999)

The records of 23 dogs and cats diagnosed with spontaneous gastroduodenal perforation (GDP) were retrospectively reviewed. Survival was 63% in dogs and 14% in cats. Rottweilers <5 years of age were overrepresented. Clinical evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was common in dogs but not in cats. Shock was an uncommon presenting condition in dogs and was not closely linked to outcome. In fact, progression of an ulcerating lesion to GDP was not associated with marked changes in symptoms exhibited by many patients in this study. Most GDPs were associated with histopathological evidence of subacute or chronic peritoneal reaction at the time of diagnosis. This suggests that diagnostic methods employed lacked sensitivity in identifying early perforating lesions, and that dramatic signs of acute abdomen following gastroduodenal perforation may not be as common as was previously thought.     

Umbilical cord remnant infections in foals: 16 cases (1975-1985)

Infection of the umbilical cord remnants was diagnosed in 16 foals. The infection was found in the urachus alone in 3 foals, the umbilical arteries in 2 foals, the urachus and umbilical arteries in 3 foals, the urachus and umbilical vein in 2 foals, and the urachus, umbilical vein, and umbilical arteries in 2 foals. The specific location of the infection was not determined in 4 foals. Eleven foals developed an acquired patent urachus between 4 and 16 days of age. Seven foals had one or more joints infected. All foals with umbilical cord remnant infections were treated with orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously administered antibiotics and 9 foals had the umbilical cord remnants excised. Nine foals survived, 6 of which had had excision of the infected remnants. Only 2 foals with joint infections survived.     

16个天然冰草种群遗传多样性RAPD分析

采用57个10 bp随机引物,对16个天然冰草(Agropyron cristatum)种群352个单株的基因组DNA进行RAPD多态性检测。结果表明:从57个RAPD引物中选出多态性标记的引物11个;检测出125个位点,102个显多态性;用Shan-non多样性指数量化的遗传多态度为2.19,种群内和种群间遗传变异比例分别为60%和40%,种群间的遗传相似度在0.7702~0.9776之间,遗传距离的变化范围为0.0226~0.2611;聚类分析结果表明:16个种群大致可分为4类,生境和表型相近的种群基本聚为一类,和形态学研究的结果基本一致,证明物种变异与生境密切相关。     

Ultrasonographic features of testicular neoplasia in dogs: 16 cases (1980-1988)

For 16 dogs with testicular neoplasia (n = 19 tumors), ultrasonography was performed to determine whether a correlation exists between ultrasonographic features of testicular tumors and cell type. The echogenicity of the tumors varied depending on the size of the tumor and whether the tumor had focal or diffuse distribution within the testis. The ultrasonographic characteristics of Sertoli cell tumors were variable, with no predominant pattern. This variation may be related to tumor size, because 6 of 7 Sertoli cell tumors were greater than 5 cm in diameter. Focal seminomas and interstitial cell tumors less than 3 cm in diameter had hypoechoic texture. Focal seminomas and interstitial cell tumors greater than 3 cm in diameter had mixed echogenicity. Tumors of multiple cell types were greater than 5 cm in diameter and had mixed echogenicity. In valuable breeding dogs with a small (less than 3 cm) focal intrascrotal lesion, testicular ultrasonography would be of benefit for localization of the mass to the testis or epididymis for subsequent biopsy. In dogs with intraabdominal neoplastic testes, ultrasonography may be of benefit in determining intra-abdominal metastases and invasion of contiguous structures.     

16个紫花苜蓿品种维生素E含量测定与分析

采用高效液相色谱法测定16个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种新鲜叶片中维生素E(VE)的含量,并且对主要的维生素E组分-VE、-VE进行分析。结果显示,16个苜蓿品种VE总量介于1.833~6.346 mg100 g-1 FW,平均值为3.281 mg100 g-1 FW,其中VE总量最高为中苜1号（Medicago sativa cv. Zhongmu No.1）,为6.346 mg100 g-1 FW;总量最低为敖汉苜蓿（M. sativa cv. Aohan）,含量为1.833 mg100 g-1 FW。所有参试品种中,-VE和-VE含量呈偏态分布,-VE为VE的主要成分,-VE含量明显低于-VE。相关性分析表明VE总量与-VE,-VE与-VE呈极显著正相关关系（P＜0.01）。通过对16个品种的VE含量比较研究,发现中苜1号,雷达克之星（M. sativa cv. Ladak）和新疆大叶苜蓿（M. sativa cv. Xinjiangdaye）3个高VE含量的品种,为紫花苜蓿的利用和品质选育提供了试验依据。