超级杂交晚稻淦鑫688适宜栽插密度初探

在栽插密度15万～33万穴/hm2范围内,研究了超级杂交晚稻淦鑫688不同栽插密度对产量及其构成因素的影响.结果表明淦鑫688栽插密度以每公顷植27万穴(行株距24.0 cm×15.4 cm)为佳;栽插密度主要通过有效穗和每穗总粒数影响产量.     

行株距配置对超高产早晚稻产量的影响

 在30万蔸/hm2（早稻）和25万蔸/hm2（晚稻）密度下,以超高产早稻陆两优996、淦鑫203和超高产晚稻淦鑫688、天优华占为试验材料,研究了3个施氮水平下不同行株距配置对超高产早、晚稻产量的影响。不施氮时,供试的4个品种（组合）均在窄行距时产量最高;施氮条件下,淦鑫203在中行距时产量最高,陆两优996和天优华占在宽行距和窄行距时产量较高,而淦鑫688在窄行距时产量较高。不同行株距配置对陆两优996和天优华占产量的影响主要是通过影响有效穗数,对淦鑫203主要通过影响每穗粒数,而对淦鑫668则主要通过影响结实率来实现。品种间对行株距配置响应的差异与淦鑫203的每穗粒数较少、成穗率较低,而陆两优996和天优华占的每穗粒数较多、成穗率较高,淦鑫688的叶面积指数较高有关。早稻陆两优996的适宜行株距为33.0 cm×10.0 cm或20.6 cm×16.0 cm,淦鑫203为25.4 cm×13.0 cm;晚稻天优华占为40.0 cm×10.0 cm或20.0 cm×20.0 cm,淦鑫688为20.0 cm×20.0 cm。     

施氮量和插植密度对超级杂交晚稻天优998产量的影响

2007—2008年2a晚季研究了不同纯N用量(0,120,165,210kg/hm2)和栽插密度(18×104,24×104,30×104穴/hm2)对超级杂交稻天优998产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:N肥用量对单位面积穗数影响较大,对每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒重影响较小;插植密度对单位面积穗数、每穗总粒数和千粒重影响较大,对结实率影响较小。在中等地力条件下,超级杂交晚稻天优998高产栽培的适宜施N量为165kg/hm2,密度为30×104穴/hm2。     

移栽密度对双季稻光合特性和产量的影响

在株行距15 cm×15 cm(44.4万穴/hm2)、20 cm×20 cm(25万穴/hm2)和30 cm×30 cm(11.1万穴/hm2)3个移栽密度下,研究了移栽密度对双季稻光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,随密度增加,水稻叶片净光合速率(PN)、实际量子产率(ΦPSⅡ)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)下降,而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)升高。随着叶位的降低,叶片PN下降,密度增加会加剧下层叶片PN的下降。在不同移栽密度下,水稻叶面积指数(LAI)和PN表现互为消长,即随着移栽密度增加,LAI增加,而PN下降。移栽密度对结实率和千粒重影响较小,对有效穗数和每穗总粒数影响较大,移栽密度15 cm×15 cm和20 cm×20 cm的处理间的产量差异较小,但明显高于30 cm×30 cm处理的产量。考虑到人工和秧苗成本,双季稻采用中等移栽密度(20cm×20 cm)较为适宜。     

不同栽插密度对水稻盐粳218生育及产量的影响

以水稻新品种"盐粳218"为材料,采用小区对比方法,探讨了不同栽插密度对水稻生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,栽插密度为31 cm×15 cm,每穴栽插4本株条件下盐粳218叶绿素含量较高、且生育后期下降幅度最小,分蘖提早、有效穗数增加,单茎茎鞘物质输出率、茎鞘物质转换率、收获指数较高,产量结构合理、产量水平较高。     

栽插密度和穴栽苗数对优质杂交中粳Ⅲ优98产量的影响

Ⅲ优98是2002年通过安徽省品种审定的优质高产杂交中粳新组合,为了充分发挥Ⅲ优98的增产潜力,进行了不同栽插密度和穴栽苗数试验,结果表明,不同栽插密度和穴栽苗数对Ⅲ优98产量的影响均达极显著水平,对株高、穗长及千粒重的影响较小,合理密植,穴插双苗有利于高产.该组合要达到10.0 t/hm2以上的产量水平要求插足28.13万穴/hm2以上、穴插双苗或插足36.58万穴/hm2、穴插单苗.     

种植密度对不同类型甜菜品种产质量性状的影响

通过对2种不同类型甜菜各设5个密度处理[多胚种行距50cm×(18cm、21cm、24cm、27cm和30cm);单胚种行距50cm×(12cm、15cm、18cm、21cm和24cm)]的11个生理性状的测定分析,得出试验研究结果:在新疆奇台产区,种植多胚种甜菜的最佳密度应该控制在94500株/hm2(株行距21cm×50cm)左右;种植单胚种甜菜,密度控制在111000株/hm2(株行距18cm×50cm)左右可以获得较高的产量和含糖率。     

栽培密度对两系稻Y两优5866产量的影响

为了探明两系杂交稻Y两优5866的适宜栽培密度,研究了3种栽培密度 (每667m~2插2.0万丛、1.43万丛、1.22万丛、)对Y两优5866产量及产量相关性状的影响。结果表明:Y两优5866的有效穗数随着栽培密度的增大而增加,每穗总粒数、结实率随着栽培密度的增大而下降,而不同栽培密度对Y两优5866的千粒重的影响较小。栽培密度过低或过密,产量均降低,每667m~2栽培密度为1.43万丛(20.0 cm×23.3 cm)的产量最高,为615.33 kg,较2.0万丛(16.7 cm×20.0 cm)、1.22万丛(23.3 cm×23.3 cm)分别增产3.36%、15.81%,增产效果显著。     

不同密植方式对夏直播花生叶片功能及产量的影响

以珍珠豆小果型花生远杂6号为材料,研究了夏直播花生在1.8×105~2.25×105穴/hm2密度及不同配置方式下叶片功能、光合特性及产量等指标的变化,探讨了合理密植对花生群体生殖生长及产量的影响。结果表明：与1.8×105穴/hm2密度相比,2.25×105穴/hm2种植会降低叶片净光合速率、抗氧化能力和群体间中下部光合有效辐射截获率,提高群体叶绿素含量、叶面积指数和上部光合有效辐射截获率,提高饱果率和出仁率。2.25×105穴/hm2产量比1.8×105穴/hm2处理产量高12.44%,双粒播种产量比单粒播种高12.47%,等行距种植和宽窄行种植产量基本一致。远杂6号为耐密品种,夏直播种植,适当增加种植密度,可有效提高产量,改善荚果商品性。     

氮肥与密度对水稻光合特性和产量的影响

针对目前水稻氮肥用量过多,移栽密度逐步降低的问题,以株两优819为材料,设置N1～N3共3个施氮量水平(分别为0、120和 150kg/hm2)和 M1～M3共3个密度水平(分别为 13.3 cm×16.7 cm、13.3 cm×20.0 cm 和 16.7 cm×20.0 cm),研究了氮肥用量和移栽密度对水稻生长发...     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

实施茶叶优势区域规划促进川茶产业持续发展

为了充分发挥四川茶叶的比较优势和自然资源优势,进一步提高川茶产业竞争力和促进农民增收,在四川省委、省政府重视下,在开展特色茶叶产品研究的基础上,制订了<四川省茶叶优势区域规划>,以期通过"规划"的实施,在基地建设、规模化生产、产业化经营等方面取得新的突破,为四川省盆周山区和丘陵地区的农村经济发展和农民增收做出新的更大贡献.