水稻三系恢复系万恢815的选育与应用

万恢815是重庆三峡农业科学院以明恢63、籼粳交恢复系万恢88和广亲和恢复系成恢448作亲本复交选育而成的籼型水稻新恢复系,具有米质较优、恢复力强、配合力好等特点,于2013年通过重庆市品种审定委员会的田间技术鉴定。所配组合陵优815(陵1A/万恢815)于2014年通过重庆市品种审定。     

三系籼型水稻恢复系万恢56的选育与应用

万恢56是重庆三峡农业科学院以广亲和材料02428与籼粳交恢复系万恢88杂交后,再先后与万恢86、江恢151和广亲和恢复系成恢448复交选育而成的籼型水稻新恢复系,具有恢复力强、配合力高、中抗稻瘟病、耐热性强和米质较优等特点,于2016年7月通过重庆市品种审定委员会田间技术鉴定,所配组合万优956(万9A/万恢56)和万优56(万73A/万恢56)于2017年5月通过重庆市品种审定。     

优质抗稻瘟病三系恢复系Q恢25的选育和应用

Q恢25是重庆市农业科学院和重庆中一种业有限公司用成恢047与岳恢9113杂交选育而成的籼型三系恢复系,具有恢复力强、配合力较好、米质优和稻瘟病抗性强等优点,于2016年7月通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会田间技术鉴定,所配组合神9优25(神9A/Q恢25)于2017年5月通过重庆市品种审定。     

籼型水稻恢复系Q恢22的选育

Q恢22是重庆市农业科学院与重庆中一种业有限公司通过系谱法育成的籼型水稻恢复系,具有米质优、中抗稻瘟病、恢复力强以及配组优势强等特点,2020年4月通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会田间技术鉴定,所配组合神农优422于2020年11月通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定.     

优质籼稻恢复系泸恢5241的选育与应用

泸恢5241是四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所利用花药培养技术与传统育种技术相结合选育的优良籼型水稻新恢复系,具有穗大、千粒重高、米质优、恢复性好等特点,于2010年通过重庆市品种审定委员会组织的专家技术鉴定。利用该恢复系培育的杂交稻组合泸优5241(002A/泸恢5241)于2011年通过重庆市品种审定。     

优质籼粳交水稻恢复系Q恢108的选育与应用

Q恢108是用粳稻材料IR17494-32-1-1-3-2与籼型恢复系蜀恢527杂交后再与绵恢725复交选育的籼粳交恢复系。该恢复系生长势旺,茎秆粗壮,株叶型好,生育期长,米质优,恢复力和配合力强,所配杂交组合庆优108(Q3A/Q恢108)和Q优108(Q1A/Q恢108)于2006年分别通过重庆市和国家品种审定。     

籼型恢复系镇恢46的选育

镇恢46是江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所用镇恢129×镇恢084的F1作母本、镇恢084作父本回交,于2002年育成的籼型恢复系。该恢复系具有株型好、稻米品质优、抗白叶枯病、恢谱广、恢复力强等优良特性,所配组合镇籼优146(镇籼A/镇恢46)于2014年通过江苏省品种审定。     

优质高配合力水稻恢复系川恢1618的选育与应用

川恢1618是四川省农科院生物技术核技术研究所利用常规杂交技术、辐照技术和花药培养技术相结合选育的优良籼型水稻恢复系,具有穗大、千粒重高、米质优、配合力强、恢复性好、抗稻瘟病力较强等特点,于2010年通过四川省品种审定委员会技术鉴定,2011年通过重庆市品种审定委员会技术鉴定。利用该恢复系配制的组合米质优良、产量高、抗性好、适应性广,其中花香优1618(花香A/川恢1618)和泸优1618(泸98A/川恢1618)2个组合已分别通过四川省和重庆市品种审定。     

优质籼型恢复系渝恢1351的选育与应用

渝恢1351是重庆市农科院水稻研究所利用生物技术诱变与系统选择相结合育成的籼型恢复系,具有优质、抗病、配合力强、制种产量高等特点;与多种不同类型不育系配组,均表现出较强的杂种优势,其中优质杂交稻新组合渝优11号、渝优35分别于2004年和2006年通过重庆市品种审定委员会审定。     

高产优质杂交水稻新组合中9优804

中9优804是重庆市涪陵区农科所利用中国水稻所选育的中9A与自育恢复系涪恢9804配组育成的籼型杂交水稻新组合。该组合具有产量高、优质和制种易获高产等特点,于2009年5月通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会审定(渝审稻2009009)。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.