大别桐柏山林区马尾松毛虫天敌昆虫调查

系统地研究了自然分布北界区域马尾松毛虫天敌昆虫种类(包括蜘蛛)。共记录捕食性天敌昆虫23种,寄生性天敌昆虫30种,其中14种天敌为我省首次记载发现。     

大别桐桕山林区马尾松毛虫天敌昆虫调查

系统地研究了自然分布北界区域马尾松毛虫天敌昆虫种类（包括蜘蛛）。共记录捕食性知敌昆虫23种，寄生性天敌昆虫30种，其中14种天敌为我省首次记载发现。     

太原市园林蚧虫的天敌及其受污染影响的研究

１９９３～１９９５年对太原市园林蚧虫的天敌昆虫作了调查研究，获得天敌昆虫标本３００多号，查明主要种类有２０余种，分属于６目１０科。观察了天敌昆虫的生物学习性，比较了城市不同污染区天敌的种类和密度，证明了城市污染使天敌昆虫的种群数量减少和蚧虫控制能力降低，是城市蚧虫增长的重要原因。讨论了对污染敏感的天敌是一些暴露活动的捕食性种类，隐蔽性的寄生性天敌对污染抗性较强。同时提出了用天敌昆虫作为城市污染生物监测因子的可能性和方法。     

太原市园林蚧虫的天敌及其受污染影响的研究

１９９３－１９９５年对太原市园林蚧虫的天敌昆虫作了调查研究，获得天敌昆虫标本３００多号，查明主要种类有２０余种，分属于６目１０科。观察了天敌昆虫的生物性，比较了城市不同污染区天敌的种类和密度证明了城市污染使用天敌昆虫的种群数量减少 蚧虫控制能力降低，是城市蚧虫增长的重要原因。讨论了对污染敏感的天敌是一些暴露活动的捕食性种类隐蔽性的寄生性天敌对污染抗性较强。同时提出了用天敌对污染抗性较强。同时提出了     

秦皇岛市区园林昆虫种类调查初报

本文作者利用2年时间,对秦皇岛市区园林昆虫区系进行了调查。初步摸清了秦皇岛市区园林害虫种类及天敌昆虫资源情况。共查出园林害虫50科235种,园林天敌昆虫10科22种。为科研、教学及生产提供了依据。     

园林蛀干害虫的生物防治

蛀干害虫是园林植物的毁灭性害虫,严重阻碍城市园林植物的健康生长。由于蛀干害虫长期营隐蔽性生活,化学防治难度较大,本文从寄生性天敌昆虫、捕食性天敌、病原微生物、昆虫病原线虫、植物性杀虫物质、基因工程等方面对园林蛀干害虫生物防治的研究和应用进行了论述,对存在的问题及其应用前景进行了展望。     

杨二尾舟蛾寄生性天敌昆虫的初步研究

对巴彦淖尔市暴发性森林害虫杨二尾舟蛾的寄生性天敌昆虫的种类、主要天敌昆虫种类的生活习性、寄生作用进行了比较详细的调查和观察。共采集到寄生性天敌昆虫9科17种,其中优势天敌种类为：寄生卵的舟蛾赤眼蜂,寄生率达10.8%;舟蛾卵跳小蜂,寄生率达56.8%;寄生幼虫的舟蛾绒茧蜂,寄生率达15%;寄生蛹的舟蛾金小蜂,寄生率达7.4%。这些天敌昆虫的共同作用,可以使杨二尾舟蛾的虫口密度下降50%~90%,因而是极有利用价值的天敌种类,应加以很好的保护和利用。     

美国白蛾寄生性天敌昆虫利用技术

首先调查寄生性天敌昆虫种类及生物学特性 ,其次在防治措施上力求保护天敌昆虫 ,并人工助迁或规模化繁育天敌昆虫用于生产防治 ,同时要合理配置植物群落 ,创造天敌昆虫生存与繁衍的有利条件 ,增强自然控制能力 ,达到可持续控制。     

北京地区舞毒蛾天敌昆虫及其自然控制研究

１９９６～１９９７年在北京地区进行了调查,通过采集舞毒蛾在室内饲养,共得到舞毒蛾天敌昆虫２３种,其中寄生性昆虫１７种,捕食性昆虫６种。卵期天敌有大蛾卵跳小蜂、舞毒蛾卵平腹小蜂;采集地最高寄生率为５２％～１０９％。幼虫期天敌有绒茧蜂、斑痣悬茧蜂、寄蝇类等;７个采集地平均寄生率为９５５％。蛹期天敌有寄蝇类、广大腿小蜂、舞毒蛾黑瘤姬蜂、脊腿囊爪姬蜂等;７个采集地平均寄生率为１９０８％,不包括捕食性天敌昆虫捕食和病毒致死率,在舞毒蛾卵－蛹期,累计约有３０１％的个体被寄生性天敌昆虫寄生而致死。     

祁连山东大河林区天敌昆虫种类调查

记述了祁连山自然保护区东大河林区森林害虫天敌昆虫6目20科86种,其中,捕食性天敌昆虫有80种,占93.02%;寄生性天敌昆虫有6种,占6.98%。     

红树林自然保护区无瓣海桑主要害虫及其寄生性天敌种类调查研究

2009～2011年,采用平行取样法,在广西钦州康熙岭红树林自然保护区无瓣海桑纯林内,对无瓣海桑主要害虫及其寄生性天敌进行调查,分叶部、枝梢及蛀干害虫,按轻、中、重3级划分危害程度,结果表明,在研究地调查收集到无瓣海桑害虫种类共4目13科21种,其中绿黄枯叶蛾、木麻黄枯叶蛾、迹斑绿刺蛾、白囊袋蛾和荔枝茸毒蛾是无瓣海桑的主要害虫,均为食叶类害虫。并收集了危害无瓣海桑较严重的绿黄枯叶蛾及木麻黄枯叶蛾的寄生性天敌,共2目4科8种,其中绿黄枯叶蛾卵的寄生蜂,寄生率达67.3%。因此,保护和利用天敌是无瓣海桑害虫防治的有效方法。     

马尾松毛虫蛹、卵期寄生性天敌调查初报

通过对常山县松毛虫蛹、卵期寄生性天敌的调查，初步查得寄生蜂7科25种，寄生蝇2科7种，并分析子寄生性。     

Ecological mechanisms and prospects for utilization of toxins from parasitic hymenopterans

Insects in the order Hymenoptera defend themselves, attack prey and regulate hosts using toxins that are effective in small quantities. In this study, advances in the researches on parasitic hymenopteran toxins are summarized in terms of the production, categories, components, properties, ecological functions and mechanisms. The glands that produce venoms derive from the ectoderm tissue and evolve from the accessory glands of the reproductive system. Venoms are excreted by the poison gland or acid gland of mature female wasps and stored in reservoirs. The components of insect toxins are very complicated, and hymenopteran venoms contain alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, esters, lactones, proteins, polypeptides, enzymes, amines and other compounds. Toxins of parasitic hymenoptera play an important adaptive role. They can increase the probability of successful oviposition by paralyzing hosts, enhancing offspring survival by inhibiting host development and immunoreaction, and improving the nutrition available for their progeny by disturbing the hosts’ physiological response. Venoms of the ectoparasitoids often lead to arrested development, permanent paralysis and even death of hosts. These toxins are usually broad-spectrum and act on the central nervous system or at the neuro-muscular junction. While most endoparasitoids are koinobionts, these parasitoids can regulate the physiology and development of the hosts, but no longer paralyze the hosts permanently. Also, they kill the hosts in a concealed but safe position after the hosts cocoon or build their pupal cells. Venoms of koinobiont parasitoids can contain polydnaviruses (PDV) that regulate the growth and development of the hosts by inhibiting the immune system and influencing the metamorphosis of hosts. Thus, PDVs are commensal and mutualistic, but non-pathogenic, with parasitoids at the molecular level. Promising prospects for the utilization of insect toxins, especially as medicines or specific bioinsecticides, are discussed. Because insect toxins are mixtures of complex ingredients and are usually produced in small quantities, isolation and purification of all the ingredients with bioactivity are needed for biochemical and toxicological research and for practical application. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(4): 1251–1260 [译自: 生态学报]     

毕节地区林业有害生物普查

对全区林业有害生物进行普查,初步查出林业有害生物共七大类147种,病害53种,虫害83种,鼠(兔)害8种,寄生性种子植物3种,蜱螨3种,软体动物2种,有害植物1种.发现林业外来有害生物松材线虫病1种,有害植物紫茎泽兰1种,本土有害生物145种.     

Aphids detect approaching predators using plant-borne vibrations and visual cues

Journal of Pest Science - Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) have a repertoire of defensive behaviors against insect predators and parasitoids that includes kicking, twitching, walking away and dropping...     

赣东北地区的松毛虫卵寄生蜂综述

赣东北地区的松毛虫卵寄生蜂有 1 5种 ,其中有 3种是近年发表的新种。调查分析表明 ,赤眼蜂、黑卵蜂和平腹小蜂是主要类群 ;平腹小蜂属的白跗平腹小蜂是优势种。思茅松毛虫的卵寄生率明显高于马尾松毛虫 ,主要是个体大、寄生力强的平腹小蜂和金小蜂的寄生量大。若能造成多种卵寄生蜂及其它天敌增加的趋势 ,控制松毛虫成灾是完全可能的。     

食用菌主要病虫害及其无公害防治

论述了食用菌栽培过程中的主要病虫害。食用菌虫害主要包括菌蚊,菌蝇和螨类,食用菌病原包括病毒、粘菌、细菌和真菌四大类群,它们侵害食用菌的方式包括寄生、竞争、干扰等几大类型,在此基础上,讨论了食用菌主要病虫害的无公害防治措施。     

马尾松毛虫寄生性天敌寄生行为空间模式研究

对马尾松毛虫卵寄生蜂、幼虫寄生性天敌黑足四眼姬蜂、寄生蝇类和幼虫及蛹寄生蜂黑点瘤姬蜂在松毛虫种群中寄生行为的空间模式进行分析研究，结果表明，它们多属于负二项分布．这与其寄主的空间分布相吻合．寄生性天敌的这种寄生行为，有利于对害虫种群进行抑制．     

本土寄生蜂防治松突圆蚧技术

松突圆蚧是严重为害马尾松的外来有害生物,文章介绍了应用本土寄生蜂防治松突圆蚧技术,包括本土寄生蜂的主要种类、种源调查与保护、放蜂方法和放蜂量、放蜂林分选择、效果检查等。     

The influence of normal and low-rate application of insecticides on populations of the cotton whitefly and melon aphid and associated parasites and predators on cucumber

Studies were conducted in cucumber fields to evaluate the standard and reduced dosage rates of 5 insecticides for control the cotton whiteflyBemisia tabaci (Genn.) and melon aphidAphis gossypii Glov. and effect of insecticide application on associated parasites and predators. Eggs of whitefly appeared to be less susceptibility to all treatments (max. 66% reduction) than larval and pupal stages. Populations of larval and pupal stages of whitefly were significantly reduced in all treated plots. For example (larvae on day 10 after treatment with ethiofencarb, diafenthiuron, and chlorpyrifos methyl 67, 50, and 68% pupae 68, 69, and 75%). Two aphelinid parasitoids,Eretmocerus mundus Mercet andProspaltella lutea Masi, were the most primary important parasitoids of the whitefly pupae in all test plots. Percent parasitism, in most treated plots, were slightly affected as a result of insecticide application. However, all tested insecticides and dosage rates caused severe suppression of emergence of adult parasitoids. Moreover, longevity of adult parasitoids were highly decreased. Populations of the melon aphid were extremely reduced, especially by ethiofencarb and diafenthiuron. Populations of predator species (Chrysopa carnea Steph.,Coccinella undecimpunctata Reiche andSyrphus spp.) were reduced in all treated plots. However, ethiofencarb applied at rates as low as 208.4g a.i./1001 provided equally effective aphid control and conserved numbers of insect predators in the treated plots. Also, the prothiofos and chlorpyrifos methyl applications at rates as low as 166.7 g a.i./1001 kept aphid numbers below than those in control and caused a smaller reduction in the combined populations of insect predators.