杨梅箱式气调模拟贮运保鲜技术研究

采用气调、蓄冷剂+气调对不同品种杨梅开展出库模拟运输试验。结果表明:蓄冷剂+气调贮运保鲜效果明显优于其它;"东魁"种杨梅优于"荸荠"种;公路比铁路运输对杨梅的品质保持更有利;基地A杨梅品质更佳。同时,试验气调箱的便携性和巧妙设计在杨梅贮运保鲜中应用具有明显优势。     

不同气调包装条件对金耳贮藏品质的影响

研究不同气调包装条件对金耳贮藏品质的影响。在低温条件下,比较初始气体比例对金耳气调保鲜贮藏品质的影响,并考察确定适宜的保鲜包装、气体组分及比例。当贮藏温度为(4±1)℃,气体比例N_2∶O_2∶CO_2为90∶5∶5时,金耳可贮藏16 d,且具有较好的品质。确定金耳最佳低温气调保鲜条件,保鲜时间可达到16 d。     

硅窗气调保鲜落葵及其品质变化

采用硅窗气调薄膜贮藏落葵,研究在贮藏期间其质量的变化,并确定出落葵最佳硅窗气调保鲜条件。结果表明:低温可以有效地控制落葵中水分、维生素C的损失及抑制POD的活性。(3±1)℃是落葵最佳的硅窗气调贮藏温度;湿度控制在90%～95%,并要求硅窗面积在1.0cm2以上,可以较好地贮藏保鲜落葵。     

纳米气调包装新鲜小油菜保鲜研究

使用自行研制的气调包装膜,选用新鲜翠绿的小油菜,进行气调包装研究.结果表明:在室温下,A-9保鲜膜的保鲜效果最好,可长达3 d,在保鲜柜中,A-9保鲜膜的保鲜效果最好,货架寿命可达13 d以上.     

不同性能薄膜对草莓气调保鲜效果的影响

以PE/OPP/PE复合膜、PE膜及电晕处理PE膜为试材,采用与空气相同(21%O_2+0.9%CO2)的初始气体比例被动气调包装件,研究不同透气、透湿性能的薄膜对草莓气调保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:在室温(15±2)℃、相对湿度33%~35%的条件下,在草莓6d贮存期内,PE/OPP/PE复合膜保持了草莓较高的感官评价和硬度,电晕处理PE膜更有利于延缓草莓可溶性固形物含量的下降及pH的升高。故PE/OPP/PE复合膜和电晕处理PE膜对草莓的保鲜效果优于PE膜。     

杨梅简易气调保鲜过程中气体成分变化及保鲜效果

以东魁杨梅为试材,研究简易自发气调贮藏(MA)和充氮气调贮藏(NA)条件下,杨梅贮藏小环境中气体成分的变化和对贮藏效果的影响。结果表明:在MA中,乙烯浓度在2d达到高峰;O2前4d浓度急剧下降,后维持在2.48%至1.78%;CO2一直呈上升趋势,试验过程浓度提高了124.3%。在NA中,乙烯高峰出现时间明显推迟、峰高降低;O2浓度维持在2.28%-1.82%,CO2变化与MA相似,浓度提高了131.3%。MA和NA均有效延缓杨梅鲜果的软化变质,减缓果实硬度和总糖的下降速率。贮藏至16d,NA和MA中果实变质率分别比对照下降31.6%和22.5%,硬度比对照增加25.93%和21.98%,总糖含量处理与对照无明显差异。     

不同包装对火龙果低温贮藏品质的影响

以海南‘大红2号'红肉火龙果为试材,在(5±0.5)℃条件下,2%CaCl_2+0.1%抑霉唑混合溶液浸泡5 min,风干后装入PE膜、PVC保鲜袋和硅窗气调袋内,研究不同包装处理对其贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,不同包装处理均能抑制火龙果腐烂和失重,抑制可溶性固形物、维生素C含量下降速度,维持果实品质,其中,保鲜剂结合硅窗气调包装处理保鲜效果最佳,贮藏至45 d无腐烂,失重率3.6%,较好地保持了果实商品价值,与对照相比延长贮藏期25 d。     

利用气调箱保鲜草莓的研究

介绍了利用气调箱保鲜草莓的新方法,通过对红颜草莓品种的试验,在0℃、充入13%～14%CO3气体条件下,贮藏10 d好果率达到93.9%,24 h货架期好果率达到90.8%,基本保持了原有的色泽和口味,不使用保鲜剂,食用更安全.     

香菇采后预处理及气调保鲜技术研究

以香菇931为试材,研究了采后预处理及气调保鲜技术对香菇贮藏效果的影响。结果表明,在冷藏条件下,采后装塑料托盘并用热收缩膜包裹,及应用气调保鲜技术显著抑制了香菇感官品质、水分、蛋白质及总糖含量的下降,保鲜效果较好,其中气体成分CO2/O2为（10%~13%）（/2%~3%）时效果最好。     

青椒气调贮藏参数及前处理技术的研究

以“普鲁登斯”牛角椒为试材,研究了O2浓度、CO2浓度和不同的前处理方式对青椒贮藏效果的影响.结果表明:青椒适宜采用贮藏前半期(0～21 d)6％ O2+5％ CO2,后丰期(21～42 d)4％ O2+-2％CO2气体浓度的双变气调法,结合热处理或魔芋葡甘聚糖复合涂膜处理保鲜效果更佳,使用这种贮藏方式保鲜青椒,42 d后青椒失重8.48％,腐烂指数18.5％,保鲜效果明显.     

新红星苹果双相变动气调贮藏研究

以人工气调配气系统为半定量式气调手段,研究新红星苹果在变动温度与变动 CO_2浓度的双相变气调条件下的果实品质和生理生化变化.结果表明,双变气调的最佳指标是:温度从10℃渐降至0℃,CO_2从12%—15%渐降至3%,O_2为3%.在此条件下,新红星苹果贮藏185d,果肉硬度高达7.2kg·cm~(-2).能明显地抑制呼吸、原果胶水解、乙烯合成和α—法尼烯生成.     

苹果低氧气调新组合及其防治虎皮病的效果

以玫瑰红苹果为试材研究０℃和１０℃温度下２％Ｏ2与３％、７．５％、１２％ＣＯ２不同气调组合处理的效果。选出在０℃和１０℃下气调新组合２％Ｏ２＋７．５％ＣＯ２,其特点是Ｏ２浓度在低氧气调范围内,ＣＯ２浓度明显高于国外低氧气调。低氧气调新组合处理果实 １２１ｄ,果肉硬度和果皮叶绿素含量高于对照（Ｏ℃＋空气）,果皮α－法尼烯和共轭三烯含量显著低于对照。其中 １０℃＋ ２％ Ｏ２＋７．５％ＣＯ２处理果实再在２０℃空气中放７ ｄ或在５－７℃空气中放 １２２ ｄ后,未发现虎皮病果,０℃＋２％Ｏ２＋７．５％ＣＯ２处理果实则在５－７℃空气中再放３０ ｄ后也未发生虎皮病,说明低氧气调新组合处理可防止果实在贮后一段时间内发生虎皮病,应注意低氧气调新组合处理败后效应的利用。     

贮藏方式、品种和贮前品质对猕猴桃贮藏效果的影响

研究了4个品种、3种不同贮藏方式对猕猴桃果实贮后性状的影响及气调贮藏中果实硬度和可溶性固形物的变化规律。结果表明：海沃德最耐藏;以100～120g的无伤果贮藏165d后的优质果率最高;低乙烯气调是猕猴桃果实的最佳贮藏方式,果实入贮后的前30d是果实硬度下降最快、可溶性固形物上升最快的时期。     

Effect of low-pressure storage on the quality of green capsicums (Capsicum annum L.)

Green capsicums (Capsicum annum L.) were stored under low pressure (4 kPa) at 10°C for 5 and 11 days with 100% RH. The results showed that the incidence of stem decay under low-pressure storage for 5 and 11 days and storage at ambient atmosphere at 20°C for 3 days was lower compared to fruits that were stored at regular atmosphere at 10°C. Fruit that had been stored at low pressure at 10°C had no symptoms of flesh rots for up to 11 days, whilst fruit which had been stored at regular atmosphere at 10°C had 6% flesh rots after 11 days storage at 10°C.There was no difference in flesh firmness and colour retention between fruits stored at low pressure and regular pressure at 10°C. Capsicums stored at low pressure had higher overall acceptability compared to fruit that were stored at regular atmosphere at 10°C. These results demonstrate the potential of low pressure storage as an effective technique to manage capsicum fruit quality, however, there was no additional benefit when fruits were stored at low pressure for more than 5 days.     

石榴气调保鲜效果研究

院本文研究了气调保鲜技术对贮藏期间石榴品质的影响。结果发现,在2益低温条件下,4%O2协同5%CO2,贮藏140d时,石榴的呼吸强度为22.01mgCO2/（kg·h）,褐变指数为0.16,可溶性固形物及总酸含量分别为14.7%与0.41%,可以较好地维持石榴的品质与口感。该处理石榴MDA含量累积最少,对PPO活性及果实腐烂抑制作用最强。     

食用羽衣甘蓝绿雁贮藏保鲜期研究

为了大量推广应用新育成高档珍稀叶菜食用羽衣甘蓝新品种绿雁,分设6个不同处理研究贮藏保鲜期。试验结果表明,绿雁的商品叶片室温16～21℃3个处理,以保鲜膜包装留孔保鲜方法最适,可达4～6d,鲜质量损失12．36％;冰箱O～4℃3个处理,保鲜盒内净存放,每天打开交换空气1—2min保鲜方法最适,可达36d,鲜质量损失17．97％。绿雁的保鲜期较常温延长了30d左右,受低温和环境空气影响各15d。说明食用羽衣甘蓝等绿色蔬（叶）菜高效低廉的贮藏保鲜方法是尽力保持较低的温度（一般在0—10℃）和处理好贮藏空间空气的流通情况。     

Preventing cold storage disorders in nectarines

A storage experiment was aimed at preventing low temperature storage disorders in nectarine fruits, of cvs July Red and Autumn Grand. Fruit was either cooled immediately after harvest or kept at 20°C for 48 h, before transfer to controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions at 0°C. Combinations of 0, 10, 15 and 20% C02 with 8 and 16% 02 were assayed. The fruit was evaluated following cold storage, 31 days after harvest, and after four and eight days under ‘shelf conditions’ (ripening at 15-18 °C). Warming of the fruit at 20°C before cold storage prevented woolliness in the absence of elevated C02 levels but did not affect internal browning and increased reddish discoloration; further, it enhanced water loss and ripening, increasing fruit softening markedly. Conversely, high C02 delayed fruit ripening in CA storage, keeping the fruit firmer, and preventing the development of woolliness, internal browning and reddish discoloration during ripening, the best results being mostly obtained with 20% C02. 02 levels assayed did not show clear effects, but decreased 02 concentration in absence of high C02 showed some benefit in ‘July Red’. No deleterious effect of C02 concentrations even as high as 20% could be detected. Thus, even though high C02 in CA conditions showed promise for controlling disorders and preventing over-ripening, further work is needed on other cultivars, and lower 02 concentrations should be investigated before making a general recommendation.     

Can Mineral Analysis be Used as a Tool to Predict ‘Braeburn’ Browning Disorders (BBD) in Apple in Commercial Controlled Atmosphere (CA) Storage in Central Europe?

‘Braeburn’ apples stored in controlled atmosphere (CA) frequently present internal flesh browning physiological disorder which is commonly referred as ‘Braeburn’ Browning Disorder (BBD). Apples from different orchards, years or site conditions can vary considerably in their sensitivity. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the mineral status of ‘Braeburn’ apples before-harvest (18 days) and at early and normal harvest, to correlate the data with the BBD incidence found in apples post storage and to investigate possible reasons for differences in disorder sensitivity. Fruits from seven orchards in the Lake Constance area (South-Western Germany) were harvested at two picking dates and the mineral content was measured before-harvest, at-harvest and during storage. Fruit were stored at 1.5?°C under CA conditions (1 kPa O₂ and 0.5 kPa CO₂) using either a 10 days or a 24 days delayed establishment of CA conditions. Fruit were evaluated after 6 months of storage plus 10 days of shelf life at 18?°C for mineral status and the browning disorder incidence. Results indicate no significant changes of the mineral concentrations in the fruit during CA-storage. Significant correlations between the post storage BBD incidence with K, and in some cases also for the K/Ca ratio and for P at-harvest were found.     

荔枝常温贮藏与包装的研究

研究了以包装为主题的荔枝常温贮运技术,结果表明简单的塑料框十树叶包装可减少果实失重达10．4％,果实贮藏3d商品率为96．20％,5d为71．47％。同时上述包装结合防腐保鲜处理,贮藏5d果实商品率为88．2％,提高了16．8％,而失重降低了2．2％。进行了泡沫箱的加冰包装的荔枝常温贮运试验,测定了箱内温度、CO2、O2和乙烯的变化规律及其对荔枝果实失重和商品率的影响。     

Fruit quality and respiration of ‘McIntosh’ apples in response to ethylene,very low oxygen and carbon dioxide storage atmospheres

Storage of ‘McIntosh’ Apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in a controlled atmosphere (CA) with very low O₂ (1.5% CO₂ + 1.0% O₂, 2.8°C) retained greater fruit firmness and titratable acids during storage and during subsequent air storage than apples stored in conventional CA (5.0% CO₂ + 3.0% O₂, 2.8°C). The rate of firmness loss during subsequent 0°C air storage decreased with length of storage in CA. Storage of apples in very low O₂ for 40 or 80 days decreased the rate of firmness loss in subsequent 0°C air storage as compared to the rate of firmness loss in conventional CA fruit, but the rate of firmness loss in 0°C air storage subsequent to 160 or 320 days of conventional CA was significantly less than the loss in similar fruit stored in very low O₂ atmospheres.A modified atmosphere with 1.0% O₂ decreased the rate of C₂H₄ accumulation in storage, and fruit production of both C₂H₄ and CO₂ after storage opening in comparison with similar fruit in conventional CA. The accumulation of C₂H₄ in storage chambers was increased with increasing O₂ levels, but the rate of increase depended upon the CO₂ level. C₂H₄ storage accumulation was stimulated by the presence of CO₂ at 0.5% O₂, but was suppressed by CO₂ when 3.0% O₂ was maintained.Retention of fruit firmness and titratable acids in apples stored in 1.5% CO₂ + 1.0% O₂ were insensitive to very low (0.231 ml l^?1) or very high (2440 ml l^?1) C₂H₄ levels in storage. Scrubbing C₂H₄ (0.304 ml l^?1) from chambers held at 5.0% CO₂ + 3.0% O₂ resulted in significantly firmer fruit after storage, but this effect was not significant after shelf life of 7 days at 20°C.