嘉兴黑猪新品系选育研究

嘉兴黑猪新品系是以优良地方品种嘉兴黑猪为基本育种素材,导入18.75%外来瘦肉型公猪血缘,采用现代遗传育种学原理,经过10多年的精心培育而成.尤其是经过"九五"期间6年5个世代系统严格选育,其主要经济性状均已达到或超过育种目标.初产母猪头胎平均产仔数11.27头,产活仔10.86头,经产母猪平均产仔数达14.36头;纯种猪肥育期(25～75kg)日增重493 g,料重比3.36;75 kg屠宰胴体瘦肉率52.1%,平均背膘厚2.75 cm.以新品系猪为母本,用长白公猪、大约克公猪、皮特兰公猪进行二元杂交,3个杂交组合肥育期(25～90 kg)平均日增重587 g,料重比为3.29;90kg屠宰平均胴体瘦肉率为55.5%,屠宰率72.17%,平均背膘厚为3.04 cm,其生产水平达到了"二洋一土"杜长嘉三元杂种猪的水平.筛选出的最优杂交组合长白猪×新品系,日增重634 g,料重比3.07,胴体瘦肉率55.4%,是一个较理想的高产、优质杂交组合,值得生产上大力推广利用.     

湖北白猪优质系选育进展报告

经过6个世代持续选育,湖北白猪优质系初产母猪产仔数达到12.13头/窝,经产母猪达到13.52头/窝,经产母猪产活仔数12.74头/窝;初产、经产母猪产活仔数世代进展分别为0.208头、-0.064头。肥育期平均日增重达到621.39 g/d,达90 kg体重日龄由初始191.45 d降至179.26 d,世代进展为-2.438 d;料肉比3.15∶1。90 kg体重阶段屠宰测定结果表明,第6世代的屠宰率为74.96%,屠体膘厚为2.64 cm,瘦肉率为58.69%,眼肌面积为38.02 cm^2。各胴体性状在6个世代间差异不显著,但瘦肉率有所下降,下降幅度为每世代0.814%。     

梅山猪、通城猪与湖北白猪的杂交猪生产性能观察

此试验以梅山猪、通城猪为父本,测定其与湖北白猪的杂交猪肥育性能、胴体与肉质性状及繁殖性能。结果表明,梅湖杂交猪肥育期日增重514.39g、料重比3.56、瘦肉率56.53%、肌内脂肪含量3.91%,初产母猪产仔数12.36头、产活仔数11.73头,二胎母猪窝产仔数15.67头、产活仔数15.17头;通湖杂交猪肥育期日增重511.47g、料重比3.72、瘦肉率53.72%、肌内脂肪含量3.51%,初产母猪产仔数10.32头、产活仔数10.24头,二胎母猪产仔数12.20头、产活仔数11.80头。两组合料重比、初产产活仔数差异显著;瘦肉率、肌内脂肪含量、初产及二胎产仔数差异极显著。说明杂交猪具有良好的繁殖性能和胴体与肉质性状,且梅湖杂交组合效果优于通湖杂交组合。     

湖北白猪优质系选育进展报告

为充分利用地方猪种资源,培育优质、高效的专门化母本新品系,以长白猪、梅山猪、通城猪和湖北白猪为遗传资源,进行了湖北白猪新品系的选育。经过6个世代持续选育,各品种在品系的血统比例分别为45.15%、23.39%、7.08%和24.38%。湖北白猪优质系初产母猪产仔数达12.13头/窝,经产母猪达13.52头/窝,经产母猪产活仔数12.74头/窝;肥育期平均日增重达到621.39 g,达90 kg体重日龄为179.26 d,料重比3.15。90 kg体重阶段屠宰率为74.96%,屠体背膘厚为2.64cm,瘦肉率为58.69%,眼肌面积为38.02 cm2,肌内脂肪含量3.05%。     

永新加系种猪选育与配套组合的研究报告

经6世代选育,大约克体重达100kg背膘厚为12.7mm,30～100kg平均日增重841g,料重比2.4,体重达100kg的校正日龄为159d,经产母猪窝均产仔数11.4头,窝均产活仔数10.8头;长白体重达100kg的背膘厚为12.5mm,30～100kg的平均日增重为821g,料重比2.4,体重达100kg的校正日龄为161d,经产母猪窝均产仔数10.3头,窝均产活仔数9.9头;杜洛克体重达100kg的背膘厚12.5mm,30～100kg平均日增重844g,料重比2.3,体重达100kg的校正日龄为162d,经产母猪窝均产仔数10.2头,窝均产活仔数8.5头。3个品种胴体瘦肉率在65%以上。加系种猪适应强,在广西高温高湿条件下具有较强优势,其体形好,四肢粗壮,后躯丰满,繁殖力强,生长快,耗料低,健康程度高,肉质好,值得推广。     

施格猪与三江白猪及芦台白猪杂交试验报告

利用施格猪与三江白猪及芦台白猪进行级进杂交,分3批(共198头)进行对比试验,测定了各杂交组后代的生产性能和繁殖性能.结果,各杂交组后代平均日增重无显著差异,三江白猪各杂交组后代的日增重平均数为634.71g,芦台白猪各杂交组后代的日增重平均数为647.85g.芦台白猪各杂交组后代的胴体瘦肉率(61.5％)明显高于三江白猪各杂交组后代(55.02％).三江白猪及芦台白猪各杂交组后代经产母猪禽产活仔数12头左右,初产母猪9头以上.     

优质高效瘦肉型猪杂交组合筛选试验

为筛选优质高效瘦肉型猪杂交组合,1997～2003年在丹东市种畜场,以辽宁黑猪为母本,引进杜洛克、长白、大约克为父本进行二、三、四元杂交,以引进品种间二、三元杂交为对照,历时6年对9种组合系统比较了繁殖、肥育及胴体性状表现,并做了效益分析。结果表明,繁殖性能含黑猪血液母猪组合优于洋洋杂种,杜×大长黑母猪表现较好,产仔数一产为12头,经产为13.67头;35天断奶窝重,一产为106.3kg,经产是108.7kg;断奶成活一产11.6头,经产12头;平均利用年限6.5产以上,每产创效益866元,每头累计可创效益5629元。生长性能和胴体品质杜大长黑组合符合猪肉市场竞争的需要,日增重837g,料重比2.9,瘦肉率62%,肌内脂肪4.4%,肉质佳,一头育肥猪可创效益136.78元。杜大长黑为优质高效最佳商品猪组合。     

引用双肌臀大约克种公猪对南昌白猪的改良效果初报

南昌白猪选育至第7-8世代时,于2000年引进加系双肌臀大约克公猪与南昌白猪杂交,以改善南昌白猪后躯的丰满度。南昌白猪导入双肌臀血缘后8世代母猪头胎产仔数9.18头,产活仔数8.30头,初生窝重9.6kg,20日龄窝重31.14kg,60日龄窝重115.15kg;后备母猪6月龄体重87.37kg,日增重633.27g,三点均膘2.23cm;肥育测定日增重606g,屠宰测定瘦肉率61.63％,肉质优良。通过导入双肌臀大约克种猪血后,在生长发育、胴体性状等重要经济性能上取得了比较理想的改良效果。     

大汉梅猪母本系选育研究

大汉梅猪母本系选育，完成4个世纪，母猪窝均产仔数，初产10.66头，经产12.7头，35天断乳窝均10.13头，窝均重79.39千克，同胞肥育日增重632克，料重比3.23，胴体瘦肉率56.94%。     

优良肉质瘦肉猪新品系(DⅣ2系)的选育与配套研究

采用分子标记辅助选择与常规育种技术相结合,以中国瘦肉猪新品系(DⅣ2)系为基础,以肉质性状为主选性状,经过6个世代选育,培育的优良肉质瘦肉猪新品系(DⅣ2系),具有肉质好、瘦肉率高、生长快、产仔多等优良特性,是理想的瘦肉型母本新品系。DⅣ2系后备公母猪6月龄体重分别为103.50和97.77 kg,达90 kg日龄分别为161.68和169.42 d,活体背膘厚分别为1.69和1.70 cm;同胞测定猪肥育期日增重714.23 g,达90 kg日龄170.02 d,饲料利用率2.80∶1,胴体瘦肉率60.23%,肌内脂肪3.13%;经产母猪窝产仔数13.53头。以DⅣ2系作母本生产的“大×DⅣ2”、“长×DⅣ2”二元和“杜×大DⅣ2”、“杜×长DⅣ2”三元杂优商品猪,达90 kg日龄145.1~157.6 d,饲料利用率2.4~2.9∶1,瘦肉率66.4%~68.1%,肌内脂肪2.75%~3.36%,是理想的杂优商品猪生产配套组合。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。