大力开展“种三产四”推动湖南水稻持续发展

回顾了超级杂交稻"种三产四"丰产工程项目提出的背景,介绍了2007—2017年项目实施的5种种植模式、6项主推技术、26个示范超级杂交稻品种及其推广面积和增产效果,总结了加强项目组织实施的成功经验。认为超级杂交稻"种三产四"丰产工程技术将融入到未来满足种植农户与市场需求、促进水稻生产可持续发展的进程中去,有着广泛的应用前景。     

超级杂交稻的引进示范与高产栽培技术总结

安庆市自1999年开始引进试种超级杂交稻新组合两优培九和培矮64S／E32，至2001年种植面积迅速扩大，全市3a种植面积共38138．67hm^2，各年平均单产为9.44-9.96t/hm^2，最高单产达13.38t/hm^2，取得了明显的社会效益与经济效益，并促进了超级杂交稻轻简栽培技术的推广。同时总结了安庆市示范推广超级杂交稻的成功经验及高产栽培技术。     

石门县超级杂交稻“种三产四”高产栽培技术

2011～2014年，石门县实施“种三产四”丰产工程项目，共示范推广超级杂交稻26533.3 hm^2，平均产量达9156 kg／hm^2，总产稻谷242935.8 t。介绍了实施超级稻“种三产四”丰产工程项目的措施与经验，找出了存在的问题，提出需在超级杂交稻品种适应性、抗性筛选、配套栽培技术和病虫害综合防治技术等领域加大研究力度。     

培矮64S/E32的超高产特性及栽培技术初探

以超级杂交稻苗头组合培矮６４Ｓ／Ｅ３２为材料,采取大田示范与辅助试验相结合的方法,初步研究了其超高产的主要特性,据此提出了超级杂交稻的超高产栽培技术。     

"双低油菜-超级杂交稻"种植模式的研究

随着农业产业结构不断调整和优化 ,优质、高产、高效的种植模式越来越受到农户欢迎。针对浙江省诸暨市结构调整中冬季抛荒田增多 ,早稻面积减少 ,单季晚稻面积扩大的实际情况 ,我们研究和示范推广了“双低油菜 -超级杂交稻”种植模式 ,以替代“麦 -稻 -稻”、“稻 -稻”等种植模式 ,达到优化种植结构 ,提高种植效益 ,实现绿色过冬和粮油双丰收的目的。一、“双低油菜 -超级杂交稻”种植模式效益和优势1.油粮双丰收 ,增效显著2000～2002年三年全市示范推广“双低油菜 -超级杂交稻”种植模式2378hm2,每667m2 产值1235.22元 ,利润727.12元。其…     

新闻集锦

温家宝称2005年中国粮食价格将会保持平稳；科技部启动第三期超级杂交稻研究；湖南启动杂交稻基因功能破解工程；2006年一半风险资金直补农民     

超级杂交稻单产13.5t/hm~2高产栽培技术

通过广泛开展超级杂交稻新品种筛选及当选品种相应高产栽培技术研究,集成了超级杂交稻单产13.5 t/hm2高产栽培技术,并成功指导6.67 hm2高产攻关示范。     

超级杂交稻先锋组合两优培九的示范与推广概述

总结了超级杂交稻先锋组合两优培九自1998年以来的示范推广概况及其在全国不同生态区的种植表现,分析了两优培九得以快速推广的主要原因.     

协优9308的分蘖成穗与灌浆结实特性及其调节

近年来利用亚种间杂种优势选配了诸如协优９３０８、两优培九等超级杂交稻 ,显示了营养生长与生殖生长的优势 ,单季产量高达１０～１２ｔ／ｈｍ２。在农业部科技跨越计划“中国超级稻试验示范”的研究过程中 ,我们以协优９３０８（跨越计划中供试超级杂交稻组合）为靶标组合 ,研究“超级杂交稻的生理模型”。本文阐述超级杂交稻协优９３０８少蘖成穗率高与营养生长期“茎蘖顶端优势”关系 ,穗大结实率高与灌浆成熟期“粒间顶端优势”的关系 ,以及提高成穗率与结实率的主要措施。一、超级杂交稻协优９３０８的茎蘖顶端优势与分蘖成穗１．秧田…     

我国超级再生稻研究生产获突破

福建省尤溪县引进杂交稻新组合“Ｄ70 2优多系 1号”进行的再生稻高产栽培 ,近日通过专家验收表明 ,其产量超过国家超级杂交水稻验收指标。这一新组合品种“米质优 ,具有再生高产潜力”。该品种是四川农业大学水稻研究所用“Ｄ70 2Ａ”不育系与“多系 1号”父本杂交的中、晚稻杂交稻新组合。 1996年 ,尤溪县良种生化研究所与福建种子总站合作引进 ,进行超高产制种及超级再生稻研究后 ,经过两年区域试验和生产试验等 ,今年在尤溪县梅仙、坂面等 6个乡镇示范推广栽培530多公顷。超级杂交稻是农业部提出的中国高产水稻计划中的主要内容 ,其指标…     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.