共轭亚油酸与动物的免疫机能

共轭亚油酸(CLA)属于多不饱和脂肪酸,是必需脂肪酸亚油酸的一组异构体;CLA具有广泛的生物学作用。本文综述了共轭亚油酸对动物免疫机能的作用,为进一步开发和利用共轭亚油酸提供理论依据。     

共轭亚油酸对动物免疫调节的研究

共轭亚油酸是一种功能性脂肪,具有抗癌、抗动脉硬化、抗糖尿病、抗氧化、降低脂肪沉积、促进骨生成、提高免疫力和缓和狼疮等功能。     

共轭亚油酸对动物机体免疫机能的影响

自从1961年Bartlett和Chapman首先发现共轭亚油酸(CLA)是瘤胃微生物代谢的中间产物以来,CLA受到国内外学术界的广泛重视并作了大量研究,特别是CLA在不同动物和人体的试验中所表现的抗癌、抗糖尿病、抗过敏、抗动脉粥样硬化、调节免疫、营养重分配和降体脂等作用使CLA成为医学界的研究热点,并逐渐成为动物营养界研究的崭新领域。     

共轭亚油酸在肉鸡体内的富集规律及其对鸡肉PUFA的影响

在肉仔鸡日粮中分别添加0、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%、1.5%、1.8%的CLA,测定不同阶段胸肌、肝脏、腹脂中CLA和PUFA含量,研究CLA对鸡肉组织中PUFA和CLA的影响及其富集规律。结果表明:随着共轭亚油酸添加量的加大,肉鸡组织中CLA沉积量明显增加。其中各添加组胸肌中CLA含量由对照组的检测不到分别增至1.07%、2.12%、3.11%、3.71%、4.56%、5.58%;肝脏中CLA含量由添加前的0.05%分别提高到0.69%、1.52%、1.88%、2.54%、2.78%、3.25%;腹脂中CLA含量由添加前的0.40%分别增至3.16%、4.66%、7.52%、9.04%、12.38%、12.62%,各组织中各添加组与对照组间差异均极显著(P<0.01)。肌肉中CLA沉积率分别为0、14.08%、23.94%、45.07%、60.56%、28.17%、12.68%,以添加1.2%时沉积率最高。试验组各组织中PUFA含量均有所增加,以添加量1.2%和1.5%效果最佳。各添加组胸肌CLA含量均以28日龄时含量最高,PUFA均以添加量1.2%效果最佳。     

共轭亚油酸及其对动物生产性能影响的研究

共轭亚油酸以其特殊的生物活性在食品和医药领域受到极大的关注，有望改善食品品质和人类健康。本文综合国内外研究文献对共轭亚油酸的来源与结构及其对动物生产性能的影响作一简要概述。     

共轭亚油酸对动物脂肪沉积的影响

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是亚油酸的一组构象和位置异构体,因其多种生物学功能而日益引起多方关注,目前已发现CLA具有降低体脂沉积的作用,使之成为了国内外学者关注的焦点.本文就CLA对动物脂肪沉积的影响作一综述.     

共轭亚油酸对动物免疫功能的调节

共轭亚油酸具有广泛的生物学功能,它对增加机体免疫球蛋白含量,促进免疫细胞增殖、细胞因子产生、吞噬细胞的功能,基因表达都具有调节作用。本文就共轭亚油酸的免疫调节作用进行了阐述。     

共轭亚油酸的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用

共轭亚油酸（CLA）作为一种天然的新型功能性脂肪酸,具有抗高血压、抗癌、抗糖尿病等生物学特性,其发挥不同作用的主要活性异构体不同。近年来,随着CLA人工合成成本的降低及动物营养领域研究的深入,发现CLA既可抑制促炎因子的表达和产生,促进抑炎因子的产生,达到抗炎的效果;又可调控淋巴细胞的增殖和分化、巨噬细胞的活性、促进抗体合成,调节机体体液免疫和细胞免疫,进而增强动物免疫力;CLA还可调节多种核转录因子的表达,影响脂肪酸的摄取和氧化及脂质的合成代谢,从而降低体脂沉积,提高肌内脂肪含量,改变脂肪酸组成,改善肉品质等。因此CLA在畜牧业生产中具有潜在的应用价值和广阔的市场前景。作者主要介绍了CLA在抗炎、免疫功能、脂质代谢和抗氧化等方面的作用,综述了CLA的生物学功能及其在动物生产上的应用研究进展。此外,还探讨了CLA作为饲料添加剂,其合成纯度,在不同种类动物、不同年龄阶段的最适添加量、饲喂方式等问题,旨在为其在动物生产中的合理应用提供理论参考。     

共轭亚油酸在动物生产中的应用

介绍了共轭亚油酸的种类、来源,综述了其生物学功能以及在猪、禽、奶牛生产中的应用,并展望了其应用前景。     

共轭亚油酸的来源及其生物学作用

共轭亚油酸(CLA)因具有许多生物保健功能而成为动物营养学领域的研究热点,诸如抗癌、抗动脉硬化及其提高免疫力等.CLA主要存在于反刍动物的肉及乳制品中,它主要由反刍动物瘤胃内微生物氢化多不饱和脂肪酸的中间产物,或通过内源乳腺、脂肪组织经△9脱氢酶脱氢所形成.     

Effects of supplemental conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on fresh and post‐thaw sperm quality of Holstein bulls

This study was designed to investigate the effects of feeding‐protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the semen production and sperm freezability in Holstein bulls. Twelve bulls were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 6 per group). Bulls received the normal diet (control group) or the normal diet top‐dressed with 50 g of CLA (treated group) for 10 weeks. The control group received 40 g/day calcium soap of fatty acid. Fresh and post‐thaw semen quality was assessed on ejaculates collected at the 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 week of supplementation. Semen evaluations including sperm concentration, motion characteristics (subjective and computer‐assisted), viability (Eosin–Nigrosin), membrane integrity (hypo‐osmotic swelling test) and abnormality were conducted. Semen volume, sperm concentration and total sperm output were not affected by dietary treatment (p > .05). The proportion of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology in fresh semen significantly increased (p < .05) in the CLA‐fed group compared to control group. Also, in CLA‐fed group, the proportion of post‐thaw spermatozoa with abnormal morphology at week 10 of trial was significantly higher in CLA than control group (p < .05). Progressive motility tended to be increased in the CLA‐fed group, although dietary supplementation did not affect other CASA parameters or viability in fresh and frozen‐thawed sperm. In this study, CLA supplementation had little positive effect on fresh or post‐thaw sperm quality of Holstein bulls.     

富含功能性脂肪酸牛肉生产技术的研究进展

牛肉是一种营养价值较高的食品,具有高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇等优点。随着健康水平和保健意识的提高,人们越来越意识到健康和饮食的关系,这使消费者不仅仅注重牛肉的营养价值,而且要求生产出富含功能性成分的保健型牛肉来提高消费者的健康水平,防止疾病的发生。因此,生产富含功能性成分的牛肉日益成为研究的热点。作者对富含功能性脂肪酸牛肉生产的意义、生产机理及日粮营养调控技术进行了综述。     

包被共轭亚油酸对山羊瘤胃氢化、肠道及乳脂肪酸的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加棕榈油酸钙和包被共轭亚油酸对瘤胃氢化和长链脂肪酸从十二指肠到乳转化的影响。试验将12只体重(61.9±8.57)kg处于泌乳期的多胎次萨能奶山羊随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊。两个试验组分别在基础日粮中补充50g棕榈油酸钙和包被共轭亚油酸,试验共开展42d。结果显示,两个试验组对山羊干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维、淀粉摄入量及养分在十二指肠流量和瘤胃表观消化率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。与棕榈油酸钙组相比,包被共轭亚油酸组有降低干物质和中性洗涤纤维消化率的趋势(P=0.08),但处理组对淀粉消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。山羊饲喂棕榈油酸钙或包被共轭亚油酸日粮后,脂肪酸的十二指肠流量高于脂肪酸摄入量。包被共轭亚油酸增加了C18:2trans-10,cis-12和C18:2cis-9,trans-11的十二指肠流量,导致两种脂肪酸对瘤胃的氢化保护率均达到16%。C18:1cis-9、C18:2cis-9,12、C18:3cis-9,12,15的瘤胃生物氢化不受包被共轭亚油酸处理的影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,与添加棕榈油钙相比,在奶山羊中饲喂不受瘤胃生物氢化包被共轭亚油酸对干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维、淀粉摄入量、十二指肠流量及瘤胃表观消化率无显著影响。包被共轭亚油酸增加了十二指肠的流量和C18:2trans-10,cis-12和C18:2cis-9,trans-11的比例,使瘤胃生物氢化保护率达到15%~16%。     

饲料中添加CLA开发共轭亚油酸强化鹌鹑蛋的试验研究

试验选择132日龄的产蛋期健康鹌鹑450只,分成3组,各组日粮中共轭亚油酸(CLA)的添加量分别为0%、2.0%和4.0%。试验期30d。结果表明,日粮中添加CLA对鹌鹑产蛋量、平均蛋重、料蛋比、产蛋率无显著影响(P0.05)。脂肪酸分析表明,CLA明显降低鹌鹑蛋黄中总单不饱和脂肪酸含量,但能增加总饱和脂肪酸和总多不饱和脂肪酸及CLA的含量。2.0%CLA处理组20d鹌鹑蛋黄中的CLA含量达最大。鹌鹑饲粮中添加CLA可生产出富含CLA的鹌鹑蛋。     

Effect of dietary fermented fish waste on the digestion of feed and supply of unsaturated fatty acids including conjugated linoleic acid in cattles

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented fish waste (FW) on the digestion of fiber and the flow of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) to the duodenum and plasma in cattle. Four Holstein cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square design and cows were provided with one of four treatments consisting 0, 5.5, 11, and 16.5% of FW. The digestion of dry matter decreased as the FW increased; however, the lipid concentration increased linearly (P<0.05) as the FW increased. According to the duodenal composition, the lipid concentration and UFA such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increased linearly (P<0.05) as the amount of FW increased in the diet. Additionally, the concentration of CLA, eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA increased linearly (P<0.05) in the plasma as the FW increased. Thus, these findings indicate that FW can be useful as UFA supplementation of feedstuff.     

共轭亚油酸的生物学功能及其在肉鸡上的应用

本文就共轭亚油酸的生物学功能及其对肉鸡生产性能、脂肪沉积、脂肪酸组成、免疫机能、屠宰性能和胴体品质影响方面进行综述。     

Dietary conjugated linoleic acids alleviate early inflammatory response caused by lipopolysaccharide injection in male broiler chicks

An experiment was undertaken to determine if dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) influences the early stage of the inflammatory response caused by a single injection of Salmonella enteritidisi lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in male broiler chicks. Chicks (7 days old) were fed either 0 or 10 g CLA/kg in their diet for 21 days. At 28 days old, birds were injected intraperitoneally with 1.5 mg LPS/kg body weight after 12 h fasting. Changes in feed intake, rectal temperature and plasma α‐1 acid glycoprotein and ceruloplasmin concentrations were measured during 24 h after LPS injection. Chicks fed the CLA diet were fed more feed for 24 h, had a lower rectal temperature at 9 and 24 h and a lower plasma α‐1 acid glycoprotein concentration at 24 h after LPS injection than chicks fed the basal diet. Plasma ceruloplasmin concentration tended to be lower in chicks fed the CLA diet than in chicks fed the basal diet. The results suggest that dietary CLA alleviate undesirable early inflammatory response due to LPS injection in male broiler chicks.     

瘤胃保护共轭亚油酸和亚油酸对奶牛产奶性能的影响

选择健康、泌乳月份与产奶量相近的多胎荷斯坦泌乳牛20头,随机分成5组,每组4头,研究日粮中添加商业来源的瘤胃保护共轭亚油酸钙盐(Ca-CLA)同时添加自然来源亚油酸(葵花油)对奶牛生产性能的影响。试验期为52d。对照组基础日粮为60%粗饲料(苜蓿、羊草、青贮)和40%精料(以DM为基础),处理组在对照组日粮基础上分别添加Ca-CLA100g/d·头(CLA)、葵花油350g/d·头(Sunf);Ca-CLA100g/d·头 葵花油350g/d·头(CLA Sunf),Ca-CLA50g/d·头 葵花油175g/d·头(1/2CLA 1/2Sunf)。结果表明:在奶牛日粮中,单独添加自然来源亚油酸产奶量较对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),而单独添加共轭亚油酸钙盐或与自然来源亚油酸高低不同剂量添加产奶量较对照组都分别显著提高2.20%、9.95%、11.16%,无论单独添加自然来源亚油酸或Ca-CLA或二者以高低不同剂量同时添加,牛奶的乳脂率较对照组都分别显著降低15.0%,6.24%,21.74%,14.35%。总之,奶牛日粮中同时添加Ca-CLA和自然来源亚油酸能显著提高产奶量,降低乳脂率,并且,减少Ca-CLA的添加量同时添加自然来源亚油酸可以达到高剂量添加Ca-CLA相同的效果。