共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Shannon MaleskyJason Turner PhD Clint LöestLiang Chen PhD Johnette Browne-Silva PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013
Six mature Quarter Horse geldings (age, 11.5 ± 4.7 years; body weight [BW], 526 ± 9.2 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to determine the effects of three dietary lysine (Lys) levels on nitrogen (N) retention and plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations. The geldings were fed a basal diet of concentrate and Bermuda grass hay supplemented with synthetic essential amino acids (EAA) to meet estimated requirements for EAA. Geldings were fed one of three dietary treatments: (1) a basal diet deficient in Lys (L−; 0.027 g of Lys•kg−1 BW•d−1); (2) a basal diet supplemented with synthetic Lys to meet National Research Council (NRC; 2007) requirements (L+; 0.036 g of Lys•kg−1 BW•d−1); or (3) a basal diet supplemented at twice the recommended Lys requirement (2 × L; 0.070 g Lys•kg−1 BW•d−1). Horses fed the 2 × L diet had higher N intakes (P = .0056) than horses fed either the L− or L+ diet. However N retention (P = .63) was not different between treatments. Plasma Lys was greater (P < .0001) in 2 × L than L− and L+ diets. Plasma threonine (Thr; P < .01), methionine (Met; P = .03), and total plasma non-EAA (P < .05) concentrations decreased as dietary Lys increased. These results suggest N retention is not a good response criterion for evaluating the AA requirements of mature horses. However, plasma AA data indicated more efficient use of Thr and Met when horses were fed dietary Lys in concentrations greater than the current requirement recommended by the Nutrient Requirements of Horses (National Research Council, 2007). 相似文献
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为了解不同比例低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮对断奶仔猪生长性能及氮平衡的影响,试验将96头初始体重9.8 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪随机分成4个处理,每个处理分别饲喂含不同蛋白水平的玉米-豆粕型饲粮(20%CP、19%CP、18%CP和17%CP),通过补充合成氨基酸,使各处理组的氨基酸与要求相一致。正式试验期为28 d,测定断奶仔猪生长性能、氮平衡指标。结果表明,日粮蛋白水平降至18%时,不会影响断奶仔猪生长性能,且显著降低尿氮、粪氮和总氮排放量(P<0.01);但随着日粮蛋白水平进一步降至17%时,显著降低仔猪平均日增重(P<0.01),显著增加料重比(P<0.01);18%CP组与17%CP组总氮排放量、氮表观利用率、氮表观生物学效价差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明添加合成氨基酸满足断奶仔猪需要,将日粮蛋白水平降至18%,不仅不会影响仔猪生长性能,而且还会降低氮排放,减少环境污染。 相似文献
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Nitrogen Retention and Nutrient Digestibility in Geldings Fed Grass Hay,Alfalfa Hay,or Alfalfa Cubes
Logan PottsJacinda Hinkson BS Brock GrahamClint Löest PhD Jason Turner 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010
This study was conducted to determine whether feeding different physical forms of hay alters nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention (NR). Six Quarter Horse geldings were assigned to any one of three different dietary treatments in three 14-day periods. The diets included long-stem Bermuda grass hay (G), long-stem alfalfa hay (A), and alfalfa cubes (C). In the final 4 days of each period, horses were fitted with harnesses for total collection of urine and feces. Samples of feed, orts, feces, and urine were analyzed for dry matter, organic matter, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nitrogen (N). Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and N was greatest for A, intermediate for C, and smallest for G (P < .05). Digestibility of acid detergent fiber was greater (P < .05) for A than G or C, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility was greater (P < .05) for A or G than C. Nitrogen intake (NI) was greatest for A, intermediate for C, and smallest for G (P < .05). Fecal N excretion was not different between diets, but urine N excretion was greater (P < .05) for A and C as compared with G. When expressed as a percentage of NI, NR did not differ among diets. We concluded that NR in mature horses increases with NI, but N utilization is not significantly influenced by the physical form or crude protein content of the hay fed. Potential differences in fiber digestibility and daily fecal output are factors to consider when incorporating processed forages into feeding programs of horses. 相似文献
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Gerardo Mariscal-Landin ;Tercia Cesaria Reis de Souza ;Ericka Ramirez Rodriguez 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,(4):461-470
Background:To compare the nutritional value and digestibility of five quality protein maize(QPM) hybrids to that of white and yellow maize,two experiments were carried out in growing pigs.In experiment 1,the energy metabolizability and the nitrogen balance of growing pigs fed one of five QPM hybrid diets were compared against those of pigs fed white or yellow maize.In experiment 2,the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility(AID and SID,respectively) of proteins and amino acids from the five QPM hybrids were compared against those obtained from pigs fed white and yellow maize.In both experiments,the comparisons were conducted using contrasts.Results:The dry matter and nitrogen intakes were higher in the pigs fed the QPM hybrids(P 〈 0.05) than in the pigs fed white or yellow maize.Energy digestibility(P 〈 0.001) and metabolizability(P 〈 0.01) were higher in the pigs fed the white and yellow maize diets than in those fed the QPM diets.The AID of lysine was higher(P〈 0.01) in the QPM diets than in the white and yellow maize.The AIDs of leucine,isoleucine,valine,phenylalanine,and methionine were lower in the QPM diets than those of maize(white and yellow)(all P 〈 0.05).Maize(white and yellow) had greater SIDs of leucine,isoleucine,valine,phenylalanine,glutamic acid,serine,alanine,tyrosine,and proline(P 〈 0.05).Conclusions:Based on these results,it was concluded that QPM had a lower metabolizable energy content and a higher amount of digestible lysine than normal maize. 相似文献
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Gerardo Mariscal-Landín Tércia Cesária Reis de Souza Ericka Ramírez Rodríguez 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):26
Background
To compare the nutritional value and digestibility of five quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids to that of white and yellow maize, two experiments were carried out in growing pigs. In experiment 1, the energy metabolizability and the nitrogen balance of growing pigs fed one of five QPM hybrid diets were compared against those of pigs fed white or yellow maize. In experiment 2, the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility (AID and SID, respectively) of proteins and amino acids from the five QPM hybrids were compared against those obtained from pigs fed white and yellow maize. In both experiments, the comparisons were conducted using contrasts.Results
The dry matter and nitrogen intakes were higher in the pigs fed the QPM hybrids (P < 0.05) than in the pigs fed white or yellow maize. Energy digestibility (P < 0.001) and metabolizability (P < 0.01) were higher in the pigs fed the white and yellow maize diets than in those fed the QPM diets. The AID of lysine was higher (P < 0.01) in the QPM diets than in the white and yellow maize. The AIDs of leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, and methionine were lower in the QPM diets than those of maize (white and yellow) (all P < 0.05). Maize (white and yellow) had greater SIDs of leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, serine, alanine, tyrosine, and proline (P < 0.05).Conclusions
Based on these results, it was concluded that QPM had a lower metabolizable energy content and a higher amount of digestible lysine than normal maize. 相似文献11.
差量法测定鸭饲料氨基酸真消化率和内源氨基酸排泄量的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了考察差量法测定氨基酸真消化率及内源氨基酸排泄量的可行性,用平均体重(3.0±0.1)kg、7周龄的天府肉公鸭(樱桃谷×建昌鸭)96只进行试验,设计6个试验日粮,蛋白质水平分别为0、5%、10%、15%、20%和25%。采用Sibbald的强饲法测定氨基酸的消化率,并同时用无氮日粮法、梯度回归法及饥饿法测定内源氨基酸的排泄量,计算各蛋白质水平日粮氨基酸的真消化率。试验结果表明,差量法测得各蛋白质水平段日粮氨基酸真消化率为(90.54±2.70)%、(90.62±1.88)%、(92.52±1.73)%、(92.73±1.77)%、(93.44±1.59)%和(92.37±1.09)%,在10%~20%的日粮蛋白质水平范围基本稳定。差量法、无氮日粮法、回归法和饥饿法测得日粮氨基酸真消化率平均值分别为(92.37±1.09)%、(92.65±0.56)%、(92.53±0.48)%和(89.15±2.02)%,其内源氨基酸排泄总量分别为0.233±0.015(6个蛋白质水平日粮平均值)、0.228、0.230和0.184g/(4只.h)。由此得知,差量法可用于测定饲料氨基酸的真消化率及内源氨基酸排泄量。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮氨基酸平衡模式对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、氮利用率、血浆生化指标的影响.选用1日龄健康快大型黄羽肉鸡公雏252只,根据体重相近原则,随机分为7个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡,对照组粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量均符合饲养标准需要量;低蛋白质组粗蛋白质含量降低3%,添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸和异亮氨酸,使其必需氨基酸含量与对照组相同;其余5个组根据扣除法原理,依次按照饲养标准中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸及异亮氨酸水平扣除20%,其余氨基酸含量保持不变,分别为低蛋白质-赖氨酸组、低蛋白质-蛋氨酸组、低蛋白质-色氨酸组、低蛋白质-苏氨酸组和低蛋白质-异亮氨酸组.试验期21 d.结果表明:1)各组与对照组相比平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05),其中低蛋白质-赖氨酸组平均日增重最高,料重比最低.2)低蛋白质-蛋氨酸组和低蛋白质-色氨酸组血浆总蛋白含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05).低蛋白质-蛋氨酸组血浆白蛋白含量显著低于对照组、低蛋白质组、低蛋白质-赖氨酸组、低蛋白质-苏氨酸组、低蛋白质-异亮氨酸组(P<0.05).低蛋白质-色氨酸组与低蛋白质-异亮氨酸组血浆尿素氮含量显著高于对照组、低蛋白质-赖氨酸组(P<0.05).3)所有组排泄物中氮含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05).低蛋白质-赖氨酸组、低蛋白质-苏氨酸组氮存留率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).4)所有组赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸存留率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).低蛋白质-异亮氨酸组蛋氨酸、精氨酸存留率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).低蛋白质组、低蛋白质-赖氨酸组、低蛋白质-色氨酸组、低蛋白质-异亮氨酸组和低蛋白质-苏氨酸组的苏氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸存留率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).综合以上结果得到,1~21日龄快大型黄羽肉鸡低蛋白质饲粮(粗蛋白质含量为17.51%)中赖氨酸∶蛋氨酸∶苏氨酸∶色氨酸∶异亮氨酸的适宜比例为100∶(44~ 55)∶72∶(18~23)∶(54~72). 相似文献
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中国不同品种菜粕猪回肠氨基酸消化率研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试验选用 9头 34.5± 2 .1kg的阉公猪 ,在回肠末端安装T型瘘管后按 9× 6不完全拉丁方设计分别饲喂 7种菜粕半纯合日粮、1种豆粕半纯合日粮和 1种酪蛋白日粮 ,以研究中国不同品种菜粕和豆粕回肠氨基酸表观 (真 )消化率。结果表明 ,7种菜粕粗蛋白质和氨基酸 (半胱氨酸除外 )回肠表观 (真 )消化率均显著低于豆粕 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;7种菜粕粗蛋白质和氨基酸回肠表观 (真 )消化率之间存在显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,这些变异主要是由菜粕中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维水平及相应氨基酸含量不同引起的 ;可利用粗蛋白质回肠表观消化率估测多数氨基酸回肠消化率 相似文献
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试验旨在探究实际饲养条件下由十二指肠瘘管灌注不同必需氨基酸溶液对哈萨克羊羔羊氮平衡及血浆尿素氮(plasma urea nitrogen,PUN)的影响。选取5只体况良好、4月龄、体重为(29.40±1.76) kg的哈萨克羊公羔羊,安装永久性十二指肠近端瘘管,代谢笼内单笼饲养。采用5×5拉丁方设计,即不含氨基酸组(对照组)、包含8种必需氨基酸的全灌注组(8EAA)、剔除赖氨酸组(-Lys)、剔除精氨酸组(-Arg)及剔除蛋氨酸组(-Met),处理组采用随机过程进行分配,每期7 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,8EAA组粪氮排出量差异不显著(P>0.05),而尿氮、氮表观消化率、氮沉积和PUN浓度都显著升高(P<0.05)。与8EAA相比,-Arg、-Met、-Lys组氮沉积均显著降低(P<0.05),分别降低30.62%、11.56%、12.99%,日增重分别下降13.89%、7.78%、6.58%,但差异不显著(P>0.05),PUN浓度也有升高的趋势。结果表明,实际育肥条件下Arg、Met、Lys对哈萨克育肥羔羊有限制性作用。 相似文献
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This study was aimed to explore the effects of duodenal infusions of essential amino acid (EAA) on nitrogen balance and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) of growing-finishing lambs.Five Kazakh male lambs with (29.40±1.76) kg body weights and 4 months old were chosen,fitted with duodenal cannulae and raised in metabolic cage individually. The 5×5 Latin square design was used in this experiment and 7 d for per period. The duodenal infusions in control group contained no EAA,that in 8EAA group contained 8 kinds of EAA,while that in -Arg,-Lys and -Met groups were contained 8 kinds of EAA without Arg,Lys and Met,respectively. The results showed that the fecal N excretion in 8EAA group was no significant difference compared with control group (P>0.05),while the urinary N,N retention,N apparent digestibility and PUN concentration were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with 8EAA group,the N retention in -Arg,-Lys and -Met groups were significantly decreased by 30.62%,11.56% and 12.99% (P<0.05),and the daily gain were decreased by 13.89%,7.78% and 6.58% (P>0.05),respectively. PUN concentration was increased in response to the removement of Met,Arg and Lys. In conclusion,Arg,Met and Lys had restricted effect to Kazakh lamb in actual fattening conditions. 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(3)
本试验旨在研究饲粮外源代谢葡萄糖(MG)水平对断奶仔猪门静脉回流组织(PDV)氨基酸利用量的影响。选择20头健康状况良好、体重在7.74 kg左右的25日龄杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,分为4个处理组,每组5个重复,给每头猪的门静脉、颈动脉和肠系膜静脉安装血管插管,并安装T型回肠瘘管。待仔猪术后恢复正常后,4组分别饲喂MG水平为22.82%、26.59%、36.37%、42.41%的等能、等氮的玉米-豆粕型饲粮,每种饲粮添加0.1%的二氧化钛(TiO2)作外源指示剂。术后3 d,从肠系膜静脉持续灌注对氨基马尿酸(PAH),并从门静脉和颈动脉采血,并且在回肠段收集食糜。结果表明:仔猪PDV氨基酸利用量随着MG水平增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;PDV对17种氨基酸的利用量均在饲粮MG水平为26.59%时达到最大值;必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、生糖氨基酸、支链氨基酸也在饲粮MG水平为26.59%时达到最大值(P<0.05)。可见,饲粮适宜MG水平能够显著增加小肠氨基酸消失量和门静脉氨基酸净吸收量,从而显著提高仔猪PDV对饲粮蛋白质的利用效率。 相似文献
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瘤胃投饲不同形式蛋氨酸对肉牛微生物氨基酸的影响 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
选择安装瘤胃、十二指肠前端和回肠末端瘘管的肉牛4头,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究瘤胃投饲不同形式蛋氨酸对肉牛微生物氨基酸的影响,投饲蛋氨酸添加剂分别为0( 组)、DL-Met( 组)、动物油包被Met( 组)和吸附MHA( 组)。试验结果表明, 组不仅显著提高瘤胃液中微生物(LAM)中Phe和Met的含量(P<0.05),降低Asp含量(P<0.05),而且显著提高瘤胃食糜中微生物(SAM)Leu和Ile的含量(P<0.05); 组显著提高LAM中Phe和Met的含量(P<0.05),降低SAM中Ile的含量(P<0.05)。 组和 组显著提高十二指肠微生物Ile、Leu、Phe和Met的流通量(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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日粮中添加氨基酸对焉耆马运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
试验旨在探讨日粮中添加氨基酸对焉耆马赛后运动性能及抗氧化能力的影响.选取运动成绩、体重、体尺、年龄相近的焉耆马11匹,随机分为3组:对照组(3匹)、试验Ⅰ组(4匹)、试验Ⅱ组(4匹).对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加不同水平氨基酸.试验开始第20天对各组马匹进行20 km模拟比赛,赛后30 min内测定各组试验马匹的体温、脉搏、呼吸,同时采集各试验马匹血液.结果表明,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后0 min心率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),赛后20 min心率、赛后5 min呼吸频率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后血浆中GSH-Px、T-SOD活力及GLU浓度分别比对照组高34.41%(P>0.05)、37.02%(P<0.01)、37.41%(P<0.01)和32.06%(P>0.05)、35.46%(P<0.01)、26.98%(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后血浆中MDA、LA浓度分别比对照组低38.46%(P<0.05)、17.56%(P<0.05)和38.26%(P<0.05)、13.04%(P>0.05).饲料中添加氨基酸,可提高焉耆马运动性能,有利于焉耆马运动后生理机能的快速恢复;可提高运动后焉耆马的抗氧化能力,减缓焉耆马在运动期间的疲劳症状,相比而言,添加0.25%赖氨酸的效果较好. 相似文献
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本文旨在研究断奶仔猪血清氨基酸含量和生化参数对不同蛋白质水平饲粮的动态响应。选取18头35日龄平均体重为(10.0±1.0)kg三元(杜×长×大)杂交断奶阉公猪,随机分为3组(每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪),并分别饲喂蛋白质水平为14%(LP)、17%(M P)和20%(HP)的饲粮。每头试验猪安装颈动脉血管插管,术后恢复5 d,于第6~8天正式试验。每天采食前,采食后30、60、120、180和300 min连续采集颈动脉血液10 m L,分别检测血清游离氨基酸含量和相关生化指标。结果表明:不同蛋白质水平饲粮对仔猪采食前后各时间点血清中游离赖氨酸(Lys)、蛋氨酸(Met)、苏氨酸(Thr)、色氨酸(Trp)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、丝氨酸(Ser)、甘氨酸(Gly)和谷氨酸(Glu)含量影响均不显著(P0.05)。但血清中Lys、Met、Thr、Trp含量随饲粮蛋白质水平的降低而升高。HP组仔猪采食前后各时间点血清游离氨基酸[缬氨酸(Val)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、精氨酸(Arg)]和尿素含量显著高于MP和LP组(P0.05)。采食后120~300 min HP组血清Leu含量显著高于LP组(P0.05)。采食后各时间点LP组血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)含量及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著高于HP和MP组(P0.05)。各组仔猪采食后血清游离氨基酸含量和相关生化指标随时间变化无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,断奶仔猪饲粮在平衡4种氨基酸(Lys、Met、Thr、Trp)的基础上,常规饲粮蛋白质水平降低3个百分点,血清游离Val、Ile、Arg含量显著降低,但对血清中其他氨基酸和相关生化指标无显著影响;而蛋白质水平降低6个百分点,血清游离Leu和尿素含量显著降低,TP、ALB含量和ALP活性显著升高,但对血清中其他氨基酸和相关生化指标的影响不显著。 相似文献