松毛虫光周滞育的研究

在敏感的虫龄内，松毛虫对短光周的反应，随着幼虫发育进度的不同而不同，初龄对短光周最敏感，2龄开始减弱，到4龄时，幼虫基本上就丧失了对短光周的反应。在脱皮时，幼虫对短光周刺激的反应较明显，在两次脱皮之间，幼虫的反应较弱，短光周处理时间越长，幼虫在3－4龄时进入滞育的比率也越高，这可能与昆虫体内保幼激素含量的变化有关。     

小悍蟋若虫滞育的光周期调控及其季节适应策略

就光周期对小悍蟋T a rta rog ry llusm inuscu lus若虫发育及成虫繁殖的影响进行了调查.结果表明,在30℃恒定长日(LD16 h∶8 h)条件下,小悍蟋若虫63 d内全部供试个体完成羽化,而在恒定短日(LD 12 h∶12 h)条件下,小悍蟋若虫120 d之内仍只有90%的个体完成羽化;将孵化后第7 d和第35 d的若虫自短日条件向长日条件转移,能够促进小悍蟋若虫的发育,而反方向的转移则对小悍蟋若虫的发育几乎不起影响.这表明小悍蟋若虫存在滞育现象,短日条件诱导滞育,长日条件解除滞育,并且低龄若虫对长日条件比较敏感.光周期不仅影响小悍蟋若虫发育,而且也影响成虫的繁殖.长日条件下的成虫产卵量显著多于短日条件下的成虫产卵量.但是,光周期对成虫产卵前期间无明显影响.     

乙酰化处理对樟子松木材耐光性和热稳定性的影响

【目的】探讨乙酰化处理对人工林木材耐光性和热稳定性的影响,为木材颜色调控技术及高耐光染色木材的研发提供理论依据。【方法】以樟子松木粉为试样,加入乙酸酐和二甲苯溶液,在120℃条件下分别反应5,10,20,40,60 min,测试乙酰化处理时间对木粉增重率的影响;分别称取1 g经不同时间乙酰化处理的木粉和未处理木粉,置于 UV老化试验箱内辐射100 h,利用红外光谱分析 UV辐射前后乙酰化木粉化学官能团的变化,通过热重和扫描电镜分析乙酰化木粉的热稳定性及其形貌变化。【结果】随着乙酰化处理时间的延长,樟子松木粉的增重率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在处理40 min 时木粉增重率最大;乙酰化木粉在1741 cm －1和1385 cm －1处的CO,C—H特征吸收峰强度均大于原木粉,处理时间40 min 时木粉的吸收峰强度最大;UV 辐射后,乙酰化木粉在1508 cm －1处木质素苯环特征吸收峰强度明显大于原木粉,处理时间40 min 时木粉的吸收峰强度最大,表明木粉经乙酰化处理后光稳定性得到提升;热重分析显示,经乙酰化处理后,木粉热分解所需的温度明显提高,表明乙酰化木粉的热稳定性好于原木粉;扫描电镜分析表明,乙酰化处理可增强木粉微观构造抵抗光劣化的能力。【结论】乙酰化处理能有效抑制樟子松木材的光降解反应并提升其热稳定性。     

温度对黄脸油葫芦卵滞育解除的影响

黄脸油葫芦在我国分布广泛,对农作物造成一定程度的危害.调查了温度对江苏泗洪地区黄脸油葫芦卵滞育的影响,检测了低温对其卵滞育的解除效果及高温对促进滞育解除的影响.结果表明:黄脸油葫芦的卵在30、25、20℃的温度条件下均进入滞育;8℃处理40 d以上对黄脸油葫芦的卵滞育具明显的解除效果,但要完全解除其滞育需经8℃处理100 d以上;8℃低温处理20 d尚未能有效解除黄脸油葫芦卵的滞育,但8℃低温处理20 d后再30℃加温,卵的孵化虽然很不整齐,但在60 d内孵化率可达100%;同样,8℃低温处理20 d后经30℃处理7 d以上也会显著提高其孵化率,说明高温具促进黄脸油葫芦卵滞育解除的效果.高温对黄脸油葫芦卵滞育解除的促进作用,在维持其生活史的整齐性,并使其发育与季节保持同步方面具有重要的生态意义.     

中华稻蝗卵滞育的消除及滞育强度的可逆性

主要探讨了连续温度及波动温度对中华稻蝗卵维持和消除滞育的影响.结果表明:未经低温处理的中华稻蝗卵,在20、25℃的温度条件下,62%左右的卵进入了滞育,而在30℃的温度条件下,虽然累计孵化率达74%,但孵化断断续续很不整齐;低温对中华稻蝗卵滞育的消除效果明显,消除滞育的低温处理期间需40 d以上;从低温转移到高温条件后,高温有降低中华稻蝗卵滞育强度、促进中华稻蝗卵滞育消除的作用;8、2 5℃交替温度处理,中华稻蝗卵滞育的强度出现可逆变化,这种可逆性变化,对于卵块维持滞育、抑制秋季或冬季的发育、保证越冬卵的安全越冬具有重要的适应意义.     

银杏叶营养元素季节性变化的研究

对银杏叶营养元素的季节性变化进行了研究，结果表明，银杏雌雄无性系叶中Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｋ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ，Ｂ，Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｕ的含量随物候期呈规律性变化，雌株与雄性无性系叶片中Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｋ，Ｂ，Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ的含量变化有明显差异（Ｐ≤０．０５），Ｃａ，Ｍｇ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｕ的变化基本一致，大果无性系对Ｐ，Ｋ，Ｂ，Ｚｎ的吸收量最高而Ｃａ的含量最低，不同无性系间（大，中，小果）Ｎ，Ｍｇ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｕ则没有显著差异（Ｐ     

Seasonal and genotypic variation of water-soluble polysaccharide content in leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus

Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal) Iljinskaja is an important medicinal woody plant due to numerous bioactive natural products in its leaves. As an important bioactive natural product, water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) in leaves of C. paliurus possess diverse biological activities, such as hypoglycemic, anticancer and free-radical-scavenging activities. To better understand accumulation patterns of WSP in C. paliurus leaves, seasonal, genotypic and positional variations of WSP content were investigated in this study. The results showed that the mean content of WSP in leaves from three crown positions (upper, middle and lower) within an individual was 38.5?mg g^?1. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test indicated that WSP content in leaves of the upper crown was significantly higher than that in the middle and lower crowns, whereas no significant difference was observed between the middle and the lower positions. Seasonal variation of WSP content in the leaves was revealed as a bimodal temporal pattern with the maximum (38.3?mg g^?1) observed in April and the second peak (32.3?mg g^?1) in October, whereas the lowest WSP content was observed in June (20.12?mg g^?1) or in fallen leaves (17.71?mg g^?1). Generally, higher contents of WSP accumulated in the maturity/senescence period (from September to mid-November) than during the rapid growth phase (from May to August). Moreover, WSP content varied significantly among 12 provenances, ranging from 22.09 to 34.56?mg g^?1, in leaves sampled in October. Our results not only provide knowledge of the accumulative dynamics and genotypic variation of WSP, but also establish a basis for determining the optimal time for harvesting and for extensive selection and breeding programs to improve the content of beneficial compounds in the leaves of C. paliurus in the future.     

天台山3种常绿阔叶树光合特性的季节变化

以天台山东南石栎、云锦杜鹃和甜槠3种常绿阔叶树为材料,对其光合特性的季节变化进行了研究,结果表明:(1)在夏季,东南石栎等3种常绿阔叶树的光合日变化均为双峰型,具有明显的光合午休现象.(2)日均净光合速率大小的季节顺序为夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季,树种顺序为东南石栎＞甜槠＞云锦杜鹃.(3)东南石栎等常绿树种日均净光合速率比大血藤等层间植物和七子花等落叶植物高.(4)在夏季,3种常绿树种的光补偿点最低,光饱和点最高.(5)3种常绿阔叶树叶绿素含量夏季最高,叶绿素a / b值夏季最低.同种植物叶绿素含量季节变化与净光合速率有一定的相关性,与光饱和点呈正相关,与光补偿点呈负相关.     

鞭角华扁叶蜂滞育期幼虫空间分布型及抽样技术研究

鞭角华扁叶蜂滞育期幼虫空间分布型及抽样技术研究＊郑永祥崔相富吴道圣杨胜利陈绘画关键词鞭角华扁叶蜂、滞育期幼虫、空间分布、抽样技术鞭角华扁叶蜂［Ｃｈｉｎｏｌｙｄａｆｌａｇｅｌｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ（Ｆ．Ｓｍｉｔｈ）］属膜翅目（Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｐｔｅｒａ）、扁叶蜂科...     

长白山红松针阔混交林CO2通量的日变化与季节变化

森林是陆地上面积最大的生态系统,它通过光合作用吸收大量的CO2并将其长期地储存于生态系统中,森林生态系统CO2通量的研究备受关注(方精云等,2001; 于贵瑞等,2001; 吴家兵等,2003).     

Seasonal variation in root growth capacity during cultivation of container grown Pinus sylvestris seedlings

Root growth capacity (RGC) in Scots pine seedlings was studied from the time of sowing and during the following two growing seasons. The method used for measuring RGC is also described. In the first growing season root growth was intense during the period mid‐July to mid‐September with an earlier peak for early sowing dates. After a period of low growth activity during winter, RGC rose sharply in early spring. During periods of intensive shoot elongation in May and June root growth was depressed. After shoot elongation was completed, RGC rose again before declining during the autumn. During winter and the second growing season, higher RGC levels were obtained for seedlings sown in June compared to the ones sown in April. This result is discussed with regard to differences in cultivation regimes.     

桤木人工林细根与土壤养分含量季节动态变化

对桤木人工林细根、土壤养分含量的季节变化及其两者之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明:(1)桤木细根中大量元素N、Ca、K、Mg、P含量冬季高,春季最低;微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cd含量冬季最低,春夏季较高.(2)土壤各层中大量元素N、Ca、K、Mg、P含量冬季最低,夏季最高;微量元素Mn、Zn含量在冬季最低,秋季最高;Fe、Ni、Pb、Cu、Cd含量在冬季最高,春秋较低.(3)细根和土壤中大量元素含量在冬季存在负相关关系,微量元素Fe、Ni、Cd含量在一年四季均存在显著负相关关系,Mn、Cu含量在春季、夏季和秋季存在负相关关系,Zn、Pb含量在春季、夏季和秋季存在正相关关系.