Durable antibacterial cotton fabrics with chitosan based quaternary ammonium salt

A water soluble quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative, N-benzyl-N,N-diethyl chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (BDCQA), was prepared for antibacterial finish of cotton textiles. The effects of concentrations of finish agents and treatment time on the add-on ratio of cotton treated BDCQA (BDCQA-cotton) were studied in details. The morphology and thermal property of BDCQA-cotton were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermagravimetric (TG) analysis. Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) and drug-resistant bacterium Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity and durability of BDCQA-cotton. The results showed that BDCQA-cotton possessed good antibacterial activity and high durability against broad spectrum bacterium. The preliminary investigation on the antibacterial mechanism was discussed in this work.     

Facile procedure for producing silver nanocoated cotton gauze and antibacterial evaluation for biomedical applications

We present a rapid, simple, convenient and cost-effective method for producing nanosized stable silver particles on cotton fibers with complete control of the silver loading level using a thermal reducing silver carbamate complex. Cotton gauze was coated with silver 2-ethylhexylcarbamate solution. Silver nanoparticles on the cotton gauze were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Particle size and lattice image of the silver nanoparticles were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial activity of the silver coated cotton gauze against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, whole blood clotting and physical properties including vertical wicking test, water retention time and absorption of 0.9 % (w/v) saline were studied. Silver coated cotton gauze showed a faster blood clotting rate than the untreated cotton gauze. Cotton gauzes treated with two different silver concentrations (0.01 %, 0.1 %) showed slightly better saline absorption and they had better vertical wicking and water retention time than pristine cotton gauze.     

Preparation of the cotton fabric with ultraviolet resistance and antibacterial activity using nano attapulgite colloidal particles

A carefully designed surface modification technique for the preparation of multifunctional cotton fabric was successfully developed by the functionalization of cotton fabric with nano attapulgite (ATP) colloidal particles. The dispersion of the nano ATP colloidal particles, the morphology, microstructure, thermal stability, ultraviolet resistance, antibacterial activity and air permeability of the treated cotton fabric were characterized. The results showed that the particle size of the ATP particle distributed between 100 nm to 150 nm after dispersion. The SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectra) analysis demonstrated that the ATP particles were successfully introduced to surface of the cotton fabric. The structural and thermal stability of the treated fabric were higher than those of the untreated fabric. The ATP treated cotton fabric possessed excellent ultraviolet resistance and antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the treatment did not affect the wear ability of the cotton fabric. The multifunctional cotton fabric meets the market demand for natural products.     

Testing for antibacterial properties of cotton/flax denim

The ‘AATCC Test Method 100-1999, Antibacterial Finishes on Textile Materials: Assessment of’ was modified by not assaying for the initial population density and only reporting the population density at the end of incubation for comparing treatments. This seemed to be a reasonable change since the assay challenges the treatments at the start with the same population inoculum density. This permitted the AATCC Test Method 100-1999 to be flexible and easier for testing materials that may or may not actually exhibit bacteriostatic properties. A substantial savings in material and time was gained by not taking the initial population density. This change allows testing more treatments, using more replicate samples, or shortens the time to conduct the assay which can permit more assays to be conducted. However, the control treatment needs to be integral with each assay; but since this is usually done, this would be a small inconvenience compared to the savings. The assay responded well when used to test fabric containing variable amounts of material with known antibacterial properties. The population density of the challenge bacteria decreased as the concentration of the antibacterial component of the fabric increased. The results from the use of the modified AATCC Test Method 100-1999 assay did not indicate that adding flax provided any additional bacteriostatic properties to the flax denim against the two challenge bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The long held assumption that flax is bacteriostatic or antibacterial was not supported by the results and probably does not contribute to its resistance to rotting as much as its physical or chemical composition.     

Enzymatic grafting of lactoferrin onto silk fibroins for antibacterial functionalization

Enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine side-chains in proteins could produce reactive o-quinones that might subsequently react with the primary amino groups of functional compounds, which provided a worthwhile reference for functionalization of fibrion materials. In the present work the potential for using tyrosinase to graft the bovine lactoferrin onto Bombyx mori silk fibroin was examined. Lactoferrin could adsorb onto silk fibers and covalently bind to the previous enzymatically oxidized fibroin surface. The enzyme-generated quinones in silk fibers also might cause self-crosslinking of fibroin peptides, which led to beneficial changes of silk properties. For the fabric treated with tyrosinase and lactoferrin slight improvements of dyeability and strength were obtained in comparison to the control. The combinedly treated fabric showed encouraging resistance to S. aureus and E. coli, the antibacterial activities reached to 87.0 % and 76.4 %, respectively. The durability of the antibacterial silk was noticeably higher than that of the sample treated with lactoferrin alone.     

The effect of biodegradable organic acids on the improvement of cotton ink-jet printing and antibacterial activity

In this study, various biodegradable organic acids with varying numbers of carboxylic acid groups were incorporated into the ink formulation both in the presence and absence of sodium hypophosphite (SHP) to investigate the colour yield and antibacterial properties. Ink-jet prints on cotton fabric, which were either pretreated (industry standard practice) or non-pretreated, were analyzed to determine if there is a significant difference in their properties. Antibacterial activities and dye fixation of printed cotton fabrics were also tested. The results indicated that at optimum pH, the non-pre-treated samples printed with ink formulations containing more carboxylic acid groups in their structure (BTCA) in the absence of SHP, demonstrated higher levels of reactive dye fixation and antibacterial properties than pre-treated samples containing no biodegradable organic acid in the ink formulation. The printed cotton fabrics with ink formulation that contained BTCA without dye were characterized by ATR-FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and their morphology was investigated through the use of SEM to determine if cross-linking had taken place.     

Investigation of antibacterial properties of nano-ZnO assembled cotton fibers

Nano-ZnO assembled cotton fibers (NZCF) with excellent antibacterial properties were fabricated using microwave synthesis method. The effects of ZnO size, ZnO content, assembly times, microwave power and Zn²⁺ concentration of the synthesis solution on the antibacterial activity of the NZCF were studied using bacteriological tests such as Petri dish and agar diffusion method. The results show that NZCF has the antibacterial circle width (ACW) of about 1.5–2.3 mm and 2.3–3.4 mm against Escherichia coli (E. coli, gram-positive organism) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, gram-negative organism), respectively. It is also found that the antibacterial activity of NZCF increases with decreasing ZnO size, increasing ZnO content in NZCF and increasing Zn²⁺ concentration in synthesis solution.     

Application of liquid organic salt to cotton dyeing process with reactive dyes

Reactive dyes are used widely in cotton dyeing process. Reactive dyeing uses high amounts of inorganic salts to accelerate dye exhaustion. These salts are then discharged to the effluent, leading to serious environmental problems. Biodegradable organic salts can alternatively be used in the dyeing process. In this paper, a new liquid organic salt was synthesized by acid-base neutralization, which was used to replace inorganic salts in reactive dyeing. Dye exhaustion in organic salt dyeing was similar to the values in conventional dyeing. However, dye fixations were slightly lower in organic salt dyeing than in conventional dyeing. The washing fastness of dyed fabrics with organic salt was excellent. Experimental results showed that dye exhaustion reached the maximum value when the concentration range of organic salt was from 20 g/l to 40 g/l. In addition, the optimal alkali concentration in organic salt dyeing was found to be about 30 g/l. These parameters suggested organic salt could replace inorganic salt in reactive dyeing process.     

叶面肥配施生物刺激素在棉花苗期应用效果

生物刺激素可以提高作物抗逆性、改善作物品质.为探索不同生物刺激素类物质对棉花苗期生长的影响,以喷施清水为空白对照(F0),以大量元素肥料100 g·L-1尿素和50 g·L-1磷酸二氢钾为常规叶面肥对照(F1),设置150 mg·L-1壳寡糖、黄腐酸钾和腐殖酸钠分别配合上述大量元素肥料处理(分别记为F2、F3、F4),...     

“五增牌”谷粒饱在棉花上的应用试验

在湖南南县对湘杂棉7号进行的五增牌谷粒饱喷施试验表明,谷粒饱在棉花上使用能促进棉株上部果枝增长,增加果节数,减少蕾铃脱落,保花保铃效果好;同时,棉株生长健壮,每公顷可增产籽棉450~750 kg。     

Study on antibacterial and comfort performances of cotton fabric finished by chitosan-silver for intimate apparel

The fabric used for intimate apparel is widely required to have excellent antibacterial and comfort performances. In order to improve its antibacterial ability, this paper studied chitosan-silver finishing on the cotton knitted fabric. The study indicates that the chitosan-silver attached to the fabric exhibits excellent antibacterial action against the typical bacteria of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureu). The anti-bacterial mechanism of chitosan-silver against E. coli and S. aureu were investigated. To guarantee its prominent comfort performance, measurements were made on the finished fabric of its air permeability, water vapor transmission, hydrophily, surface friction and bending ability against the control fabric, which is currently used for intimate apparel. The antibacterial and comfort performances were compared between the tested fabrics. The results show that the air permeability and the hydrophily of the finished cotton fabric are significantly better than the control one, while the water vapor transmission, the surface friction and the adjustable rate remain similar to each other. The bending rigidity of the finished fabric is slightly better due to the attachment of chitosan within accepted threshold. The dual compounding theory of chitosan-silver proves to be useful for a higher synergistic effect of anti-bacteria, lower whiteness degradation and overall optimization of comfort performance. This dual compounding theory of chitosan-silver is valuable for improving antibacterial and comfort performances of intimate apparel.     

Application of silver nanoparticles to cotton fabric as an antibacterial textile finish

A novel nano-silver colloidal solution was prepared in one step by mixing AgNO₃ aqueous solution and an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH₂) aqueous solution under vigorous stirring at room temperature. All results of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV/Visible Absorption Spectrophotometry indicated that silver nanoparticles had been formed in colloidal solution. Cotton fabric was treated with nano-silver colloid by an impregnation method to provide the cotton fabric with antibacterial properties. The whiteness, silver content, antibacterial activity and washing durability of the silver-treated fabrics were determined. The results indicated that the silver-treated cotton fabric showed 99.01 % bacterial reduction of Staphylococcus aureus and 99.26 % bacterial reduction of Escherichia coli while the silver content on cotton was about 88 mg/kg. The antimicrobial activity of the silver-treated cotton fabric was maintained at over 98.77 % reduction level even after being exposed to 20 consecutive home laundering conditions. In addition, the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that silver nanoparticles have been fixed and well dispersed on cotton fabrics’ surface and the major state of the silver presented on the surface was Ag⁰.     

Optimization of dyeing condition for wool/cotton union fabric with direct dye using box-behnken design

Wool/cotton union fabric was dyed with a direct dye in union shade. The dyeing was performed in a single bath in relation to four factors: leveling agent (Lyogen SMKI, 0–1.5 % oww), electrolyte (sodium sulfate, 0–10 %), dyeing temperature (85–95 °C), and dyeing time (15–60 min). The dyeing was characterized by dye bath exhaustion (%), color strength (K/S value), washing fastness, and light fastness of dyed sample. Response surface analysis showed that the exhaustion of direct dye increased with electrolyte, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time while the K/S value followed a linear shape with leveling agent and dyeing temperature. An optimized recipe was formulated based on response surface strategy and numerical optimization solution.     

棉花区域试验数据异常值诊断方法与应用

对基于敖据拟正态分布倾向的离群值诊断方法中的拉依达(PanTa))准则、格拉布新(Crubbs)准则、狄克松(Dixon)准则及五数概括法(箱线图)等方法进行综合比较与筛选,并以2009年长江流域棉花区域试验中的皮棉产量数据为例进行异常值诊断与验证.从而确定对区域试验产量数据异常值检验效率最高的方法是五教概括法和拉依迭(啪)准则,格拉布斯(Grubbs)准则和狄克松(Dixon)准则检验效果较盖.     

The bioscouring efficiency and activity of alkaline pectinase for cotton fabric

Alkaline pectinases could be applied in the bioscouring for cotton textiles to improve the wettability of the fabric. In order to evaluate the bioscouring effect of cotton fabrics directly and simply, the relationship between the amount of products degraded by alkaline pectinase and the wettability of the fabric was established with spectrophotometry. The results showed that products degraded by an alkaline pectinase Bioprep 3000L exhibited one characteristic absorption peak at 239 nm, which indicated that unsaturated degradation products were yielded. During the bioscouring of the cotton fabrics, the increase of the amount of both unsaturated degradation products and reducing sugars released from the pectins existing in raw cotton fiber was consistent with the improvement of wetting property of the cotton fabrics with prolonging the treatment time.     

Novel one bath application of oil and water repellent finish with environment friendly cross-linker for cotton

The performance of the fluorocarbon based acrylate polymer, Genguard, was evaluated on cotton fabric. Genguard treated fabric exhibited good oil and water repellency rating before washing. However, rating was lost immediately after washing. In order to enhance the washing durability of the Genguard finish, citric acid was incorporated into the recipe as a formaldehyde free cross-linker. The combination of citric acid with fluorocarbon exhibited good improvement in the durability of the oil and water repellency rating after multiple washings. In addition, fabric treated with this novel combination demonstrated excellent increase in the easy care performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the surface of the fabric treated with Genguard and citric acid as a cross-linker.     

盐分胁迫下滴灌时间对棉花生长和产量的影响

为研究盐分胁迫下不同滴灌时间对棉花生长状况和产量的影响,在石河子大学农学院试验站进行了盐池试验,设计3个盐分处理（土水质量比为1∶5时的电导率分别为0.230、0.904、1.910 dS·m^－1）和2个灌溉时间处理（5月25日、6月5日）,测定棉花株高、干物质积累量、叶绿素含量、光合指标、产量等。结果表明,提前灌水使棉花株高增长的拐点提前,可以使棉花生长发育提前,棉花株高、干物质积累量及产量随着灌水时间的提前呈上升趋势。提前灌水对盐胁迫下的棉花生长有促进作用。     

Deodorizing and antibacterial performance of cotton, silk and wool fabrics dyed with Punica granatum L. extracts

Natural dye extracts were obtained by extraction from Punica granatum L. using water as an extractant at 90 °C for 90 min with various liquor ratios (solid Punica granatum L.(wt.): solvent water(wt.); 1:100–1:5). Dyeing was carried out using a 1:50 dyeing bath ratio at 80 °C for 60 min by exhaustion method. This study focused on the effect of liquor ratio on dyeing properties and deodorizing/antibacterial performance of various fabrics (cotton, silk and wool) dyed with Punica granatum L. extract without mordants. The optimum liquor ratio was found to be 1:10. By IR, UV-visible spectroscopies and HPLC analysis, the main component in Punica granatum L. extract and the yellow colorant component were found to be ellagic acid. By GC/MS analysis, the major volatile components of pristine Punica granatum L. powder were found to be acetic acid (area: 25.84 %), ethanol (area: 17.97 %), acetoin (area: 13.11 %), acetaldehyde (area: 8.96 %), isobutanal (area: 4.90 %). All dyed fabrics (cotton, silk and wool fabrics) displayed outstanding deodorizing performance (99 %) against ammonia gas and excellent antibacterial performance (bacteriostatic reduction rate: 99.9 %) against Staphylococcu aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.     

鲁西南植棉区蒜套棉氮肥施用量试验初探

为探讨蒜套棉适宜的施氮水平,以鲁西南植棉区主栽品种瑞杂818为试验材料,设置45、90、135、180和225 kg·hm-25个施氮水平,研究不同施氮量对土壤氮肥残留量、棉花生育期、棉花农艺性状和产量的影响.结果表明,随施氮量的增加,土壤氮肥残留量增加,棉花生育期延长且生殖生长推迟,产量则呈现先增后减的趋势.综合考虑...