21世纪我国家畜繁育技术的发展趋势与展望

畜牧业发展的关键在于家畜良种产业化,繁育技术尤其是高新生物技术是选育优良品种和扩大良种数量的有效手段。２０世纪出现的人工授精,发情控制,提高繁殖力,胚胎移植及相关性物技术,细胞分子遗传与动物育种等技术在畜牧业中发挥了巨大的作用,给畜牧业的发展带来了质的变革和巨大的经济效益,２１世纪将是信息技术和生物技术的时代,以基因工程,配子与胚胎工程为主体的高新繁育技术将成为家畜繁育的主要手段。２１世纪,影响家     

可持续发展是21世纪我国草地畜牧业的必然选择

改革开放２０年来,我国的草地畜牧业生产取得了巨大成绩。但是,过去的粗放经营生产方式已使草地生态环境受到破坏;发达国家高投入高产出的草地集约化营也引起了环境的污染和畜产品中生长激素、兽药的残留,影响了人们身体健康。现在,天然草地生产的无公害畜产品在国际市场上的需求不断增长,具有一定的竞争优势。宏观经济下策鼓励草地畜牧业的可持续发展,可持续发展是２１世纪我国草地畜牧业的必然选择。     

21世纪我国畜牧业对饲料资源的需求与对策

饲料是发展畜牧业的物质基础,饲料短缺是世界性的问题。据预测,2000年世界精饲料需要量估计为18.92亿吨,而实际的供应量为14.9亿吨,尚缺少4.02亿吨,占12%。为解决饲料的缺口,各国正在采取各种办法,在开辟新的饲料资源和提高现有饲     

21世纪水产 养殖业发展趋势

淡水养殖业发展趋势 目前,虽然我国水产品总产量已连续7年居世界首位,但按人均计算也仅为世界平均水平,国内外市场十分广阔;另外,水产养殖还是比较效益较高的行业。因此,在今后一定时期     

可持续发展是21世纪我国草地畜牧业的必然选择

改革开放20年来,我国的草地畜牧业生产取得了巨大成绩。但是,过去的粗放经营生产方式已使草地生态环境受到破坏;发达国家高投入高产出的草地集约化经营也引起了环境的污染和畜产品中生长激素、兽药的残留,影响了人们身体健康。现在,天然草地生产的无公害畜产品在国际市场上的需求不断增长,具有一定的竞争优势。宏观经济政策鼓励草地畜牧业的可持续发展,可持续发展是21世纪我国草地畜牧业的必然选择。     

21世纪中国养猪业展望

到 2 0 10年 ,预计中国人口达 14亿 ,人均生产猪肉比 1998年略高 ,全国猪肉生产量比 1998年增加 2 3 %左右 ,同时要求品质更好。在存栏猪数基本不增加的情况下 ,主要依靠科学技术 ,提高出栏率与母猪年生产力来实现。为此 :1 在猪种改良上 ,应提倡培育含有一定比例中国猪血统的新品系 ,以保持较高的繁殖力和较好的肉质 ;2 对猪肉品质的要求 ,不但要口味好 ,而且在猪肉中应尽量降低有毒有害物质的残留 ;控制猪场对环境的污染 ;3 大力推广集约化、规模化养猪 ,提倡“产—供—销”一条龙的产业化养猪模式 ;4 充分利用当地饲料资源 ,研制多种类型的养猪日粮模式     

21世纪我国兽医生物制品展望

20世纪是兽医生物制品飞速发展的世纪 ,不仅研究出了大量细菌和病毒的灭活疫苗以及活的弱毒疫苗 ,而且生产出了基因工程疫苗 ,为畜牧业的发展作出了巨大贡献。自本世纪 5 0年代以后 ,我国兽医工作者已相继成功地研制出了具有国际领先水平的牛瘟兔化弱毒疫苗 ,猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗     

中药治疗牛、羊口炎

口炎是口腔黏膜炎症的总称。牛、羊中以犊牛、羔羊多发 ,有原发性和继发性两种。笔者在临床中用中药治疗牛、羊口炎10 0 0例 ,疗效很好。1　临床症状　 口腔黏膜潮红、肿胀、疼痛 ,流涎 ,继而口腔黏膜上有大小不等的水泡 ,泡内充满液体。水泡破溃后继发感染 ,使口腔黏膜发生糜烂、出血、坏死、溃疡 ,有恶臭味 ,口内流大量唾液 ,口角边缘附有白色泡沫。继发性口炎伴有发热等全身性变化。2　治疗　 青黛 15g ,黄莲 10g,黄柏 10g,薄荷 5g,桔梗 10g ,儿茶 10g ,人中白 10g ,混合 ,研为细末 ,涂或吹入牲畜口腔病变部位 ,每日 1～ 2次。轻症 1次可…     

21世纪家禽营养展望

在禽肉价格合理的情况下,随着人们对瘦肉型家禽产品需要量的增加,21世纪家禽产品瘦肉率、均匀度和供应必将达到新的最高纪录。家禽将很少被加工成产品价值得到相应“增加”的“冰块”样。因此,替代家禽传统生产方式而生产出高蛋白产品的技术,将会受到重视。利润重心转向蛋白组织,使营养技术向肌肉生长最佳、脂肪沉积最少方向发展。但这一发展方向会减慢家禽生长率。可人为通过脂肪沉积来提高家禽生长率。减少应激对生长下降影响的研究,有助于抵消家     

Controlling emerging diseases in the 21st century

The presentation addressed the following points: the role of veterinary epidemiology in emerging and global disease outbreaks; the contribution of veterinary epidemiology discipline to understanding and prevention of infections and other emerging animal disease, and the challenges for the discipline of veterinary epidemiology in the near future. The emerging and re-emerging infections animal diseases have contributed to expand the outlook of veterinary epidemiology. Methods and approaches in this discipline have been modified to satisfy the needs of society and of the scientific community. Mistakes and "bad turns" were made and should be avoided in the future. Veterinary epidemiology is alive and growing.     

Internationalizing veterinary education in the 21st century

This paper presents the results of a survey conducted in the spring of 2001 to assess international activities at colleges of veterinary medicine in North America. A questionnaire was sent to all 31 colleges of veterinary medicine in the United States and Canada, of which 22 responded. Of those schools responding to the survey, 86% have International Veterinary Medicine (IVM) programs and most have faculty involved in internationally oriented research (95%), in teaching IVM (74%), in mentoring veterinary students in IVM (84%), and in international consultancies (84%). Funding sources for faculty international activities include foundations, intramural funds, curriculum development grants, endowment/development funds, and sabbaticals. Foreign animal diseases are the most commonly taught international topic. The increasing importance of international veterinary issues is leading to the internationalization of the veterinary education in North America. Most IVM programs include activities of both faculty and students. Greater collaboration between faculty and programs across schools would allow schools to benefit from each other's strengths in IVM education.     

21世纪的饲料制作工艺技术

畜牧业在以往20年变化很快,今后的变化只会有增无减。家畜的基因改良迫使饲料厂商生产质量更高的饲料,以满足改良的家畜品种更高的营养需要。人们更多地掌握营养知识、关注环保、甚至营养学家与媒体之间的观念分歧,都促使饲料厂商改变工作程序。酶制剂之类的新型添加剂的出现,使得饲料厂商和设备供应商都考虑需要将设备设计成能在加工过程的任何阶段添加低剂量原料,为此许多因素都影响饲料厂的设计、运作和管理。1饲料原料大多数饲料厂无论是处理一种或多种原料都是通过接收、贮存、粉碎、仓位调配、盘查、质检等各个环节,因此厂房的设计就…     

Development of antiparasitic drugs in the 21st century

Prospects for discovering new antiparasitic drugs for veterinary medicine in the coming century will be determined by economic, social and scientific factors. Consolidation in the pharmaceutical industry in general, and the animal health industry in particular, changes the business conditions in which drug discovery for veterinary medicine occurs. Social pressures on traditional animal agriculture and companion animal ownership have shifted the interest of animal companies primarily to pet medicine. Antiparasitic drug discovery is more than ever targeted to the most lucrative market segments, but the excellence of available drugs, and the apparent lack of resistance in important parasites, reduces industrial motivation to invest in parasitology. Veterinary parasitologists in academia will still have the chance to interact with their industrial counterparts in the traditional ways of supporting drug discovery and development. Nonetheless, there are many new opportunities to expand the research horizons of veterinary parasitology to strengthen the case for retaining a significant presence in the animal health industry.