辽宁绒山羊抑制素A基因遗传变异与双羔性状的关联分析

以抑制素A基因(Inhibin alpha subunit gene,INHA)作为辽宁绒山羊双羔性状的候选基因,以便为绒山羊育种工作中分子标记选择提供理论依据。运用测序法寻找辽宁绒山羊INHA基因单核苷酸多态性,筛查到一个新的多态位点-446TC,该位点位于INHA基因的启动子区域。运用PCR-RFLP法验证并分析该位点在辽宁绒山羊双羔群体和单羔群体间的多态性。结果表明,在辽宁绒山羊中双羔和单羔群体中分布A、B两个等位基因,处于中度多态。经χ2检验,样本在该位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05),不同基因型在辽宁绒山羊单、双胎群体上差异达到显著水平(P0.05)。     

葡萄无核基因的RAPD遗传标记

报道了用随机引物和混合分离分析（ＢＳＡ）方法检测葡萄无核基因连锁的遗传标记。ＤＮＡ混合样来自Ｂ７２－２１６×Ｂ４５－１８７的杂交后代。两个混合样分别由９个表现型为无核和有核杂种组成，除有核与无核性状外，其他性状是随机的。用１０碱基随机序列的１００个引物筛选混合样以期获得多态型ＤＮＡ片段。结果在引物ＵＢＣ－２６９扩增后，５００对碱基的ＤＮＡ多态型片段出现在无核样，而有核样不出现该多态型片段。进一步用杂种、父本及其无核基因的供给者无核白（ＴｈｏｍｐｓｏｎＳｅｅｄｌｅｓｓ）和百乐葡萄（Ｐｅｒｌｅｔｅ）作模板，用引物ＵＢＣ－２６９扩增，一些杂种、亲本及无核基因的供给者也拥有５００对碱基的多态型片段。据此分析，葡萄的无核性是由多基因控制的，这些基因有主效和微效之分；本研究获得的分子标记ＵＢＣ－２６９５００与葡萄无核基因之一有连锁关系，而且与主效基因之一有连锁     

KAP基因的多态性与辽宁绒山羊经济性状的关系研究

 【目的】研究辽宁绒山羊KAP基因的遗传多态性及其多态位点对绒山羊产绒性状和体重性状的关系，寻找可用于标记辅助选择的分子标记，为下一步分子育种提供理论依据。【方法】采用PCR-SSCP技术研究了绒山羊KAP基因的多态性，分析了4个多态位点不同基因型的最小二乘均值（LSM）、最小二乘效应值（LSE）及其遗传方差；通过标记位点与经济性状的遗传相关预测了选择反应。【结果】产绒量性状上，S1-AB和S1-BB的LSM显著高于S1-AA （P＜0.05）,S2-BB 的LSM显著高于S2-AA和S2-AB（P＜0.05），S3-BB的LSM显著高于S3-AA和S3-AB （P＜0.05），S4-AB的LSM显著高于S4-AA和S4-BB（P＜0.05）；在体重性状上，S2-BB的LSM显著高于S2-AA和S2-AB（P＜0.05）,S3-AA和S3-AB的LSM显著高于S3-BB（P＜0.01）；产绒量性状和体重性状上S2位点的选择反应最大。【结论】产绒量性状上，S1-AB，S1-BB，S3-BB和S4-AB基因型可以作为标记基因型；在体重性状上，S3-AA和S3-AB基因型可以作为标记基因型；在体重和产绒量性状上S2-BB基因型可作为多性状标记辅助选择的标记。     

Linkage and association mapping of wild soybean (Glycine soja) seeds germinating under salt stress

Salinity threatens soybean germination,growth and production.The germination stage is a key period in the life of soybean.Wild soybean contains many genes related to stress resistance that are valuable resources for the genetic improvement of soybean.To identify the genetic loci of wild soybean that are active during seed germination under salt stress,two populations,a soybean interspecific hybrid population comprising 142 lines and a natural population comprising 121 wild soybean accessions,wer...     

水稻产量因子的遗传主效应及基因型和环境互作效应的QTL分析(英文)

在构建DH群体RFLP图谱的基础上定位了产量因子的数量性状位点(QTL).在杭州和海南两地分别种植包括123个DH原的DH群体及其亲本IR64和Azucena,并对产量因子性状进行了测定.运用调整无偏预测(AUP)法预测遗传主效应值和GE互作效应值,并用于QTL定位.结果表明,一些有主效应的QTL同时具有QTL×环境(QE)互作效应,而一些没有主效应的QTL也可以有QE互作效应.研究还表明,QTL对环境的敏感性不同,有的QTL只能在一个环境中检测到,而另一些QTL能在二个环境中都检测到.产量因子包括总粒数和实粒数的QTL无论是主效还是QE互作效应均具有较大的加性效应值,这些QTL在两个环境中起主基因的作用.     

番茄分子标记研究进展

本文综述了近年来RFLP，RAPD，SSR及AFLP等几种DNA分子标记技术在番茄育种上的应用，以及分子标记在辅助选择育种，构建连锁图谱，分离目的基因和QTL分析上的发展前景。     

獭兔KAP和FGF5基因的多态性与经济性状的关系

分析獭兔KAP基因和FGF5基因的多态性与经济性状的关系,为獭兔下一步的性状改良提供理论基础.利用PCR-SSCP技术对KAP基因的4个位点进行遗传变异检测,通过SPSS软件下的GLM程序分析150只獭兔KAP基因2个多态位点及FGF5基因2个多态位点不同基因型的最小二乘均值(LSM)、最小二乘效应值(LSE)及其遗传方差;通过标记位点与胴体性状和毛皮性状的遗传相关预测了选择反应.结果表明:獭兔KAP3.2位点可作为胴体深和被毛密度的标记位点,KAP6-1位点可作为獭兔体质量,胴体质量和被毛长度性状的标记基因型的标记位点,FGF5-1位点可作为体质量、胴体质量、皮质量和被毛密度的标记位点.     

2个低直链淀粉含量籼稻突变体的遗传分析

对2个空间诱变低直链淀粉含量籼稻突变体XLA-1和XLA-2进行了遗传分析和分子生物学研究.结果表明:XLA-1低直链淀粉遗传特性受2对隐性基因控制,这2对基因具有连锁关系和互补作用,任何1对基因隐性纯合都将导致直链淀粉含量降低;XLA-2低直链淀粉遗传特性受1对隐性主效基因控制,该基因可能为Wx的等位基因,同时受微效基因的修饰.XLA-1和XLA-2蜡质基因(CT)n微卫星多态性与糯稻相同,但其直链淀粉质量分数分别为14.42%和11.59%,说明除Wx基因外确实还有其他影响直链淀粉含量的遗传因素,这与遗传分析结果相符.     

A stable and major QTL region on chromosome 2 conditions pod shape in cultivated peanut (Arachis hyopgaea L.)

Peanut pod shape is a heritable trait which affects the market acceptance of in-shell peanut products. In order to determine the genetic control of pod shape, six component traits of pod shape (pod length, pod width, pod length/width ratio, pod roundness, beak degree and constriction degree) were measured using an image-based phenotyping method. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 181 lines was phenotyped across three environments. Continuous distributions and transgressive segregations were demonstrated in all measured traits and environments. Significant correlations were found among most component traits with broad-sense heritability ranging from 0.87 to 0.95. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis yielded 26 additive QTLs explaining 3.79 to 52.37% phenotypic variations. A novel, stable and major QTL region conditioning multiple shape features was detected on chromosome 2, which spans a 10.81-Mb genomic region with 543 putative genes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed several candidate genes in this region. In addition, 73 pairs of epistatic interactions involving 92 loci were identified for six component traits explaining 0.94–6.45% phenotypic variations. These results provide new genetic loci to facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of peanut pod shape.     

普通小麦白粉病成株抗性的QTL分析

【目的】以普通小麦加倍单倍体（doubled haploid,DH）群体（旱选10号×鲁麦14）的150个株系为材料,鉴定其白粉病成株抗性并进行QTL定位,以期发掘具有显著效应以及不同环境中稳定表达的主效QTL,为改良小麦白粉病成株抗性提供理论依据及分子标记。【方法】运用基于混合线性模型的复合区间作图法,对DH群体在4种单一环境条件下及基因型与环境互作情况下白粉病成株抗性进行QTL定位。【结果】4种单一环境条件下共检测到15个控制白粉病成株抗性的加性效应QTL,对白粉病成株抗性表型变异的贡献率为3.8%～21.0%;考虑基因型与环境互作的情况下检测到9个加性QTL,分别与单一环境下检测到的加性QTL位于相同的标记区间,位于染色体2A、2B、3A、5A、5B、6B、7A、7B和7D上。4种单一环境下检测到17对上位性效应QTL,对白粉病成株抗性表型变异的贡献率为1.1%～28.4%;考虑基因型与环境互作情况下检测到19对上位性QTL,其中7对与单一环境下的上位性QTL位于相同的标记区间。控制白粉病成株抗性的QTL来自于双亲,DH群体中有白粉病成株抗性超亲的株系存在。【结论】白粉病成株抗性受加性和上位性QTL的共同作用;在基因型与4种环境互作情况下检测到的QTL中,分别有9个加性QTL和7对上位性QTL与单一环境下的QTL位于相同的标记区间,这些在不同环境条件下重复出现的QTL具有较好的稳定性;通过分子标记辅助选择等方法重组、聚合目标QTL,将能够选育出白粉病抗性强的小麦品种。     

光受体基因在19种水稻品种中的序列多态性分析

光周期途径是控制水稻抽穗期的主要途径,而光敏色素和隐花色素是植物体内感受光照和控制开花的主要光受体。在驯化过程中,水稻在长期的人工选择下形成了地域分布和抽穗期各异的地方品种,为了了解这些地方品种对日长响应的分子基础,对19种水稻品种(11种籼稻和8种粳稻)中5种主要的光受体OsPHYA、OsPHYB、OsCRY1a、OsCRY1b及OsCRY2基因编码区序列的多态性进行了分析。结果共发现了23个核苷酸多态位点,其中11个位点引起了氨基酸的变化。OsPHYB和OsCRY2相比于其他基因表现出更高的序列多态性,说明这2个基因可能是人工选择过程中影响水稻抽穗期的重要靶点。     

Nucleus accumbens D2/3 receptors predict trait impulsivity and cocaine reinforcement

Stimulant addiction is often linked to excessive risk taking, sensation seeking, and impulsivity, but in ways that are poorly understood. We report here that a form of impulsivity in rats predicts high rates of intravenous cocaine self-administration and is associated with changes in dopamine (DA) function before drug exposure. Using positron emission tomography, we demonstrated that D2/3 receptor availability is significantly reduced in the nucleus accumbens of impulsive rats that were never exposed to cocaine and that such effects are independent of DA release. These data demonstrate that trait impulsivity predicts cocaine reinforcement and that D2 receptor dysfunction in abstinent cocaine addicts may, in part, be determined by premorbid influences.     

Identification and validation of stable and novel quantitative trait loci for pod shattering in soybean [Glycinemax (L.) Merr.]

Pod shattering is an important domesticated trait which can cause great economic loss of crop yield in cultivated soybean. In this study, we utilized two recombinant inbred line populations (RILs, CY, Huachun 2×Wayao; GB, Guizao 1× B13) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with pod shattering in soybean across multiple environments. A total of 14 QTLs for pod shattering were identified in the two RIL populations, which had LOD scores ranging from 2.64 to 44.33 with phenotypic variance explanation (PVE) ranging from 1.33 to 50.85%. One QTL qPS16-1, located on chromosome 16, included a well-known functional gene Poddehiscence1 (Pdh1) that was reported previously. Ten new putative QTLs were validated in two RIL populations, and their LOD scores were between 2.55 and 4.24, explaining 1.33 to 2.60% of the phenotypic variation. Of which four novel QTLs (qPS01-1, qPS03-2, qPS05-1, and qPS07-1) could be detected in two environments where nine genes had specific changes in gene expression. Although the nine genes may have significant effects on pod shattering of soybean, their detailed functions still need to be further explored in the future. The results of this study will facilitate a better understanding of the genetic basis of the pod shattering-resistant trait and benefit soybean molecular breeding for improving pod shattering resistance.     

NCOA1、OPN和RBP4基因对仔猪初生重和30日龄体重的影响

采用PCR-RFLP方法检测了NCOA1基因,OPN基因和RBP4基因的多态性,并且分析了不同基因型对仔猪出生重和30日龄体重效应的大小。结果表明:NCOA1基因可显著影响仔猪的30日龄体重,AA型个体比BB型个体增重显著(P0.05)。而OPN和RBP4基因的不同基因型对这2个性状的效应差异均不显著。在试验群体内,NCOA1基因可作为一个有效的候选基因进行研究应用,而OPN和RBP4基因还需进一步扩大样本量进行相关性分析。     

Recent expansion of Toxoplasma through enhanced oral transmission

The global predominance of three clonal Toxoplasma gondii lineages suggests that they are endowed with an exceptional trait responsible for their current parasitism of nearly all warm-blooded vertebrates. Genetic polymorphism analyses indicate that these clonal lineages emerged within the last 10,000 years after a single genetic cross. Comparison with ancient strains (approximately 1 million years) suggests that the success of the clonal lineages resulted from the concurrent acquisition of direct oral infectivity. This key adaptation circumvented sexual recombination, simultaneously promoting transmission through successive hosts, hence leading to clonal expansion. Thus, changes in complex life cycles can occur rapidly and can profoundly influence pathogenicity.     

多环境条件下大豆异黄酮主要组分的QTL定位

 【目的】利用不同定位方法,对不同环境条件下大豆异黄酮主要组分进行QTL定位研究,为大豆异黄酮分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。【方法】以异黄酮含量有显著差异的鲁黑豆2号（3 697.24 μg•g-1）和南汇早黑豆（1 816.67 μg•g-1）为亲本构建的F5∶7-8重组自交系为材料,分析RIL群体的SSR标记多态性,结合HPLC法鉴定异黄酮主要组分含量。【结果】绘制了一张包含161个多态性SSR标记,全长3 546.54 cM的大豆遗传连锁图谱。利用ICIMapping 3.2软件的ICIM、IM和SMA 3种定位方法,共定位到4种环境下与异黄酮主要组分相关的14个QTL。【结论】3个标记区间在多个环境和多种定位方法下均被检测到,分别是Sat_003—Satt306、Satt070—Satt122和Satt571—Satt270。     

小豆荚色及粒重性状的RAPD分子标记初探

将JN5×HB801杂交组合F2世代单株及其双亲按荚色及籽粒大小进行分组,荚色分为黑荚、褐荚和白荚3组;籽粒分为相对大粒型组和相对小粒型组,每组随机抽取12个单株DNA组成其BSA池,利用520条RAPD随机引物对BSA池及其亲本进行多态性检测。初步研究结果表明:S91在亲本及粒重基因池之间表现多态性;而引物S136在亲本及不同荚色基因池之间表现多态性。     

Intraspecific diversity of common barley precocity

Intraspecific precocity polymorphism in common barley is studied. The barley accessions are distributed into five groups according to type of precocity. Ecological confinement of barley accessions according to type of this trait is shown.     

Positional cloning of the human quantitative trait locus underlying taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide

The ability to taste the substance phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) has been widely used for genetic and anthropological studies, but genetic studies have produced conflicting results and demonstrated complex inheritance for this trait. We have identified a small region on chromosome 7q that shows strong linkage disequilibrium between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and PTC taste sensitivity in unrelated subjects. This region contains a single gene that encodes a member of the TAS2R bitter taste receptor family. We identified three coding SNPs giving rise to five haplotypes in this gene worldwide. These haplotypes completely explain the bimodal distribution of PTC taste sensitivity, thus accounting for the inheritance of the classically defined taste insensitivity and for 55 to 85% of the variance in PTC sensitivity. Distinct phenotypes were associated with specific haplotypes, which demonstrates that this gene has a direct influence on PTC taste sensitivity and that sequence variants at different sites interact with each other within the encoded gene product.     

陆地棉抗黄萎病性状与SSR标记的关联分析

【目的】对186份陆地棉种质资源的抗黄萎病性状进行关联分析,为抗黄萎病棉花育种材料的利用、分子标记辅助选择提供参考。【方法】采用分布于26条染色体上的140个SSR(Simple sequence repeat)标记,采用GLM(General line model)(P<0.001)模型和 MLM(Mixed linear model)(P<0.01)模型,检测186份陆地棉种质资源的基因型。【结果】(1)2个亚群一个含有96份种质资源,另一个含有90份种质资源;(2)平均每对引物的等位变异为2.54,平均值为0.76,引物多态性信息含量变化范围:0.50~0.99;(3)与棉花抗黄萎病性状相关的SSR位点22个中,能同时在两个以上环境出现的位点有2个,为NAU998和CGR5258,表型变异解释率分别为5.53%和12.07%。【结论】该群体结构,可以分为2个亚群,使用140对 SSR引物做分子标记,共检测出355个等位变异,存在于两个模型下且与棉花抗黄萎病性状相关的SSR位点有22个。