Overview: Restructuring Chinese space in the new millennium

This collection is concerned with understanding the nature of China’s spatial development during the transition to a socialist market economy. It does so primarily by questioning the applicability of the ‘desakota’ model and extended metropolitan region (EMR) concept to the contemporary Chinese space economy. Yu Zhu’s contribution extends the ‘desakota’ model by applying it to rural areas without the attraction of large cities. Wing‐Shing Tang and Him Chung’s contribution discusses illegal land use and construction to highlight the rural‐urban transition’s negative and disintegrative aspects glossed over by the ‘desakota’ model, which stem from the extension of urban administration to former rural areas and the redistributive effects of land use reform. Andrew Marton sees the original ‘desakota’ model being rejuvenated by introducing the notion of rural agglomeration, a clearer recognition of local administrative structures and an appreciation that development issues now take place within a global‐local framework. George Lin explores the lingering effects of rural origins on Chinese identity and how this affects subsequent social and commercial groups within the Chinese diaspora. Peter Rimmer and Claude Comtois show how changes in China’s transport and telecommunications industry underlie, to a significant degree, the restructuring of China’s space economy and the country’s links to the rest of the world. Overall the contributions highlight that a new consensus will be required for any revised model of the Chinese space economy if this is to provide guidance for planners engaged in restructuring Chinese space in the new millennium.     

Study on the Construction of China's Unified Urban-rural Construction Land Market

State-owned urban construction land market in China has evolved and been improved gradually, but use system of rural collective construction land has lagged far behind, so the urban-rural construction land market in China has been split with a result that use effi ciency of land resources is poor and collective land property rights of peasants are damaged. On the basis of analyzing problems of the current construction land market and also the causes, modern land property theory and institutional change of neoinstitutional economics are applied to study dynamical mechanism and development path of the construction land market, to construct the unifi ed construction land market system of China, and to propose corresponding guarantee policies, so as to achieve the effective allocation of construction land and maximization of social welfare.     

农村集体建设用地集约利用面临的挑战与对策——以渝东北11区县为例

渝东北地区作为重庆市“一圈两翼”发展战略的重要组成部分,具有三峡库区的特殊性,该地区农村集体建设用地的集约利用将更加有效地显化农村土地资产、保护库区生态环境。基于此本文对渝东北地区丰都、忠县、垫江、梁平、万州、开县、云阳、奉节、巫山、巫溪、城口等11个区县展开实地调研,并综合运用问卷调查、专家咨询和文献资料等方法,解析了该地区“宅基地置换城镇住房保障”、“城乡建设用地增减挂钩”等多种土地集约利用创新模式,以及产权管理模糊、规划管理薄弱等面临的挑战,最后从完善农村集体建设用地产权、统筹城乡建设用地规划管理2个方面论述了农村集体建设用地集约利用的对策建议。     

Beyond the bid-rent: Two tales of land use transition in contemporary China

The bid-rent curve has long been recognized as a persistent law in urban and regional studies. We challenge this orthodox theory by highlighting two limitations in demystifying patterns of urban land redevelopment and rural land use utility in transitional China. Empirical evidence shows that distance still matters to both urban and rural land use transition. However, the property-oriented and scale-sensitive functional structure of redevelopment is not exactly what Alonso suggested. The temptation of urbanization, coupled with the resistance of rural revitalization, results in an inverted bid-rent curve in terms of the utilization of rural housing land. The dual-track nature of both urban–rural household registration (hukou) and land use systems contributes a lot for these unconventional findings. We can therefore summarize that transition of land use in both urban and rural China is largely institutionally driven, and the Chinese government is the dominant agent of creating a unique trajectory of spatial restructuring.     

基于GIS的基本农田占用预警研究

根据安徽省各市、县的统计资料,研究阐述了利用层次分析法确定耕地被占用影响因子权重的过程,提出了基于组件的耕地预警评估模型与GIS的集成方案,并据此构建了安徽省耕地利用预警决策支持系统,为土地利用监管者提供了科学合理的耕地保护决策信息。研究结果表明,安徽省土地利用变化主要表现为原有农田、农村居民点用地向城镇用地和建设用地转化,少数地区出现重警。     

中国农村土地资产市场研究综述

农村土地资产市场受到很多学者的高度关注。综合运用文献资料法和对比分析法,梳理总结了相关研究关于中国农村土地资产市场的研究成果,分析了建立农村土地资产市场的必要性,梳理了存在的主要问题,探讨了建设农村土地资产市场的机制,并展望了研究重点和方向。研究结果表明：建设农村土地资产市场非常必要,它是完善社会主义市场体系、保障农民土地权益、统筹城乡发展的客观要求;建设农村土地资产市场面临一定困难,突出表现在土地制度供给不足、管理工作平台缺失、市场发展环境制约;发展农村土地资产市场要创新机制,建立农民土地资产权益保护机制、城乡土地资产市场统筹机制、农村土地资产配置市场机制。     

农地产权制度的多样性研究

研究农地产权制度多样性的理论和历史,正确认识农地产权制度改革中的新情况和新问题具有重要意义。模型和历史分析表明,农地产权制度的多样性是农民生产组织自觉追求制度利润的结果。农地产权制度的多样性有利于农地产权的制度竞争,有利于农村生产力水平的提高。农地产权制度的政策选择要与当地的农村经济发展水平相适应。政府在产权制度改革进程中不但要发挥其增加制度收益的积极作用,如促进农村集体经济组织建设,建立城乡人力资源互动机制,适当提高农产品收购价格等,而且要约束其增加制度成本的行为。     

Local geographies of globalisation: rural agglomeration in the Chinese countryside

China’s rural enterprises were responsible for 48 per cent of the $US 151 billion in exports and absorbed nearly 20 per cent of total foreign direct investment in 1996. Clearly, the significant and increasing role of rural enterprises in China’s integration with the world economy demands attention. The penetration of global capital into the rural enterprise sector and the desire of such enterprises to benefit from expansion into international markets have important implications at the local level. The impact of international, domestic and local forces on institutional and structural reforms is reflected in particular spatial outcomes in rapidly developing non‐urban regions. Local authorities have responded to external forces in ways which do not conform to the conventional expectations. Evidence from the lower Yangtze (Yangzi) delta reveals how the supposedly universalising pressures of globalisation have been mediated and adapted at the local level, particularly in terms of enterprise location and the proliferation of special zones. Expanding on the desakota hypothesis, the notion of rural agglomeration is introduced to capture the paradox of spatial economic transformation as it was linked to local circumstances, and localised responses to external pressures of globalisation.     

Measuring Smart Land Use in Urban–Rural Regions of China: A Case Study of Pukou,Nanjing City

This article expands the study of smart growth from urban space to urban–rural regions based on land use. It analyses smart land use in urban–rural regions. The study sets up an integrated measure indicator system of smart land use in urban–rural regions, which consisted of three subsystems: land amount controls, land form compactness, and land use efficiency. As a case study, the system was used to measure the smart land use in the Pukou District of Nanjing City, an area with intensive urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta of China. The results show that smart land use in the investigated area is increasing year by year, but it remains to be further improved. The integrated measure indicator system of smart land use in urban–rural regions is effective for measuring the level and status of regional smart land use.     

新农村建设加快苏州地区的城乡一体化——昆山、吴江两市四镇6个试点村新农村建设调查报告

推进新农村建设,是党中央从中国改革开放和现代化建设全局出发,着眼于统筹城乡发展和全面建设小康社会目标做出的一项重大战略决策。地处经济发达地区的苏州,在建设社会主义新农村中,因地制宜。积极探索适合自身实际的新农村建设之路。通过实地调查,笔者深切地感受到苏州的新农村建设加快了苏州地区的城乡一体化,已逐步形成了基础设施配套、功能区域分明、产业特色鲜明、生态环境优美、经济持续发展、农民生活富裕、农村社会文明、镇村管理民主的具有苏州特色的社会主义新农村建设模式。其为经济发达地区的新农村建设提供了可资借鉴的范式。     

基于物元模型的农村居民点建设适宜度评价

农村居民点建设适宜度评价是高效利用农村土地资源的基础。为探讨物元模型在农村居民点建设适宜度评价中的应用,基于物元模型,按照相关项目相关标准,从自然条件、生活条件、生产条件等方面,选取了10个指标构成农村居民点建设适宜度评价的指标体系。在物元分析理论的基础上,构建了居民点适宜度评价的物元模型,并采用该模型对鄂州市汀祖镇居民点建设现状进行评价。研究结果表明：物元模型能够揭示单个评价指标的分异信息,适合用于鄂州市汀祖镇农村居民点建设适宜度评价。利用物元模型对农村居民点建设适宜度进行评价,将有助于集约节约利用土地,高效整合利用土地资源。     

长株潭地区土地利用/覆被变化的时空特征研究

为了揭示长株潭地区城市化快速发展时期的土地利用的数量变化和空间变化特征,加强土地空间管制和促进土地资源可持续利用,以1986年、1995年、2005年3期土地利用/覆被现状数据为基础,结合GIS技术,对长株潭地区的土地利用/覆被变化时空特征进行研究。结果表明：（1）林地和水田是长株潭地区的优势地类。这段时期内城镇建设用地和农村居民用地面积持续增加,水田面积持续减少。其他地类面积波动变化;（2）各种土地利用类型之间相互转换。大部分水田、旱地、林地、灌木林地和水域转换成了城镇建设用地。新增的农村居民用地主要由水田转换而来。城镇建设用地的增长呈现出依附原有建设用地增长和跳跃式的增长2种方式;（3）长株潭地区土地利用数量变化存在明显的区域差异。长沙市区、株洲市区和湘潭市区等地的土地利用类型的相对变化率较大;醴陵市、炎陵县和茶陵县等地的土地利用类型的相对变化率较小;（4）长株潭地区土地利用变化的年均变化速度不是很快。正向变化的土地利用类型有城镇建设用地、农村居民用地、水域和草地,其中增长变化最快的是城镇建设用地;其余土地利用类型负向变化,其中减少变化最快的是果园。研究认为,长株潭一体化进程的深入,城市化水平的提高和差异是长株潭地区土地利用发生时空变化和区域差异的主要原因。     

基于RS与GIS的山西省土地利用动态变化分析

基于遥感（RS）与地理信息系统（GIS）技术,对山西省20世纪90年代末10年土地利用动态变化进行了分析。结果表明,该省土地变化以城镇、果园变化最大;草地、耕地被城镇大量占用;建设用地面积的扩大主要受人口压力的影响;从偏离度等看,土地利用受人类活动的影响越来越大。     

Rural land reforms and villagers' preferences for urban settlement: A case study of Shandong Province,China

Based on surveys conducted in Shandong Province, China, this paper examined the interests of rural residents to move to and settle in cities, as well as the factors that motivate or discourage their potential settlement changes. Results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that villagers' urban settlement preference was related to sociodemographic factors such as gender, age, and occupation. Overall, the separation of the “three rights” (collective ownership, land contract right, and land use right) associated with rural land has strengthened the urban settlement preference of rural residents. Nevertheless, we did not find significant association between land transfer and the preference for urban settlement. For villagers who expressed interest in urban settlement, better job opportunities, education opportunities, and higher income are the leading “pull” factors that would attract them to cities. The attachment to rural life, high living costs, and high housing prices in cities were the top concerns for villagers who did not want to move. The study also found that villagers' desired urban destinations changed with the changing land parameters, indicating that the outcomes of China's rural land reforms may not be aligned well with the policy goals laid in the country's urbanization and rural development plans.     

当前中国耕地占补平衡的宏观形势与特征

摘 要：中国耕地占补平衡制度实施了10年,在控制建设占用耕地和补充耕地数量平衡起到了重要作用,在当前政策和经济背景下耕地占补平衡出现了许多新的特征。此文论述了当前中国耕地占补充平衡中粮食安全与耕地质量建设、土地宏观调控和土地督察制度建立、中国功能区划工作完成和城乡统筹和新农村建设等新宏观形势,分析总结了耕地占补平衡出现了四点特征：（1）耕地实行先补后占,城乡建设用地增减挂钩;（2）新增耕地逐渐由开发为主向土地整理转化;（3）平衡管理由“数量”向“数量质量”平衡,由“区域平衡”向“项目平衡”转化;（4）耕地后备库“批、供、用、补”信息化管理。     

基于P-S-R的重庆市黔江区城镇建设用地需求控制研究

近年来,农村人口向城镇大量流动加之城镇人口的自然增长,城镇人口对于城镇用地的需求十分强烈;另外,随着经济的发展,城镇固定资产投资逐年增加,致使城镇各业用地需求旺盛。因此城镇的扩张与人口向城镇的流动和政府对城镇的投资是密不可分的。本文试图通过引用系统工程理念中的压力-状态-响应（P-S-R）模型,分析导致城镇建设用地扩张的人口和固定资产投资的压力机制,并构建了测算建设用地需求模型。基于黔江区2004-2008年的数据,测得黔江区合理的城镇扩张规模,避免城镇粗放型的扩张。测得黔江区建设用地增量380.92 hm2。     

The impact of land finance on urban land use efficiency: A panel threshold model for Chinese provinces

The improvement of urban land use efficiency has become the main goal for developing countries in response to rapid urbanization. This paper explores the impact of land finance on urban land use efficiency (ULUE) on the provincial level using land conveyance fee and land‐related tax data from China between 2004 and 2016. First, a super‐efficiency data envelopment analysis model was applied to measure ULUE. The results showed that ULUE was highest in eastern China, followed by central China, and ULUE was lowest in western China. Then, a provincial panel threshold model was built for an empirical analysis. In particular, a double threshold was identified in the relationship between the land conveyance fee and ULUE. A significant positive effect on ULUE was found when the percentage of the new construction land supply quantity remained below 0.401. However, this effect became negative when the percentage of threshold variables exceeded 0.842. Moreover, land‐related tax was found to exert significant negative effects on ULUE when the percentage of the new construction land supply quantity remained below 0.842. Insignificant positive effects were found when the percentage exceeded this level. The empirical results suggested that the relationship between land finance and ULUE is nonlinear; excessive land finance will negatively impact ULUE.     

重庆市农村建设用地复垦实施中存在的问题及建议

由于中国实施农村建设用地复垦的时间不长,积累的经验不多,在农村建设用地复垦实施中存在许多问题,这些问题阻碍了农村建设用地复垦进程。为了中国农村建设用地复垦的实施能够顺利开展,以重庆市为例,通过文献综述法、实例分析法等研究方法,在分析重庆市农村建设用地复垦实施现状的基础上,剖析农村建设用地复垦实施中存在的问题,针对存在的问题提出了加强规划设计管理、加强各部门协调、提高镇政府重视程度、加强施工单位管理、规范监理单位等相应的对策与建议,从而保证中国农村建设用地复垦顺利实施,农村建设用地复垦实现可持续发展。     

土地违法对经济增长的影响研究分析

本文基于土地违法投入对经济增长的作用机理,通过实证研究分析了中国1999-2006年土地违法投入对经济增长的影响及贡献。研究结果：土地违法投入由于其获取方式和途径等不同对社会经济产生不同于合法土地投入的效应,因而产生了不同于合法土地投入对经济增长的贡献。从短期看,违法土地投入对经济增长的产出弹性远远小于合法土地投入,从长期看,违法土地投入不利于土地的合理投入和集约利用,对经济增长并不能产生正的贡献。因此,政府应该从多方面措施入手,最大程度地遏制土地违法现象的发生。     

Exploring Harmonious Protection of Land Resources in City Construction

Urbanization in China is at an essential point in its transformation from the initial stage to accelerating stage. With quick expansion of city scale and large occupation of land for urban construction, the contradiction between land resource shortage and people's living needs becomes more and more prominent. It has great affection on the grand plan of China's sustainable development of economy and society. How to adjust the relations between the development of urban construction and protect the land resource, promote the rational use of urban land, perfect and complete the protection system of land resource for improving the efficiency of urban land use. In order to conserve land resource and find a sustainable way for development of people's living and environment construction, the above mentioned problems are the most important issue for urban construction and important subject of this paper.