黑龙江省玉米穗腐病致病镰孢菌分离鉴定及产毒基因型分析

为全面阐明黑龙江省玉米穗腐病的主要致病镰孢菌种类及其分布特征,制定科学合理的防治措施,以控制真菌毒素对玉米籽粒的危害。2018年在黑龙江省21个玉米主产区县采集玉米穗腐病病样143 份,采用种子健康检测法进行镰孢菌分离,根据形态学和分子生物学特征进行鉴定,并对分离的镰孢菌进行产毒基因型检测。结果表明,共分离到200株镰孢菌分离物,鉴定出12种镰孢种,其中禾谷镰孢和拟轮枝镰孢的分离频率分别为30.00%和16.00%;亚粘团镰孢和层出镰孢的分离频率均为13.00%;布氏镰孢分离占比12.50%;温带镰孢分离占比7.50%;新知镰孢分离占比2.50%;变红镰孢分离占比2.00%;拟枝孢镰孢、梨孢镰孢和居群镰孢分离频率均为1.00%;亚洲镰孢占比0.50%。产毒素类型分析发现,亚洲镰孢菌为雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(NIV)产毒类型,禾谷镰孢与布氏镰孢含3种产毒类型,其中15-乙酰基-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-AcDON)产毒类型最多,3-乙酰基-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-AcDON)稍次之,NIV型最少;拟轮枝镰孢、层出镰孢、亚粘团镰孢、新知镰孢、变红镰孢、拟枝孢镰孢和梨孢镰孢均含有产伏马毒素的关键基因fum1,具备产伏马毒素能力,温带镰孢和居群镰孢不含有fum1基因。黑龙江玉米穗腐病致病镰孢种类较多,其中禾谷镰孢和拟轮枝镰孢为优势致病镰孢,亚粘团镰孢、层出镰孢和布氏镰孢亦分布较广,温带镰孢和新知镰孢呈现小范围分布,拟枝孢镰孢、变红镰孢、梨孢镰孢以及居群镰孢是首次在黑龙江省玉米穗腐病中分离得到,丰富了黑龙江地区玉米穗腐病致病镰孢菌的种类。     

Prevalence of fimbrial antigens and enterotoxins in nonclassical serogroups of Escherichia coli isolated from newborn pigs with diarrhea

Ninety-nine nonclassical serogroups isolated from newborn pigs with neonatal diarrhea were tested for fimbrial antigens F4(K88), F5(K99), F6(987P), F41, and F165, and for heat-labile enterotoxin, heat-stable enterotoxin a (STa), heat-stable enterotoxin b, verocytotoxin, and cytolethal-distending toxin. Thirty-two strains, belonging mostly to serogroups O64:K"V142,", O9:K103, and O20:K101, were F5-positive and usually produced STa, although 5 strains produced only heat-stable enterotoxin b. Fifteen strains, belonging mostly to serogroups O64:K"V142" and O20:K101, were F41 positive and usually produced STa. Twenty-three stains, belonging mostly to serogroups O64:K"V142," O9:K103, and O20:K101, were F6-positive and usually produced STa. Several strains produced more than one fimbrial antigen, either F5 and F41, F5 and F6, F6 and F41, F6 and F165, or F5, F6, F41, and F165. None of the strains produced heat-labile enterotoxin, verocytotoxin, or cytolethal-distending toxin. The indirect immunofluorescence test was much more sensitive than was the slide agglutination test for the detection of each of the fimbrial antigens F5, F6, F41, and F165 on strains grown in vitro. The production of F6 by certain strains for which only a low proportion of cells were F6-positive in vitro, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence, was confirmed by experimental infection of newborn pigs.     

Partial purification and characterization of Gastrothylax crumenifer somatic antigens

The soluble extracts of Gastrothylax crumenifer isolated from the rumen of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were fractionated on a Sephadex G-200 column. A total of eight major fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, and F8) were separated from the whole homogenate of G. crumenifer, and each of these fractions was tested for their antigenicity by ELISA against rabbit hyperimmune sera. It was observed that F1, F2, F3 and F4 were highly antigenic, F6 and F7 were moderately antigenic and F5 and F8 were poorly antigenic. The individual fractions analysed after SDS-PAGE and Western blotting indicated that the antigenic fractions of G. crumenifer are of low molecular weight, in the range of <14-50kDa, and predominant antigenic components which were evident in most of the Sephadex profiles were of Mr 15, 18, 19, 23-24 and 28-32kDa.     

灌水定额分配对紫花苜蓿播种当年生长和干草产量的影响

通过滴灌条件下不同灌水定额分配比例对紫花苜蓿播种当年生长和干草产量的影响,确定最佳苜蓿灌水定额分配比例。在总灌水量相同的情况,设置3种灌水模式:(1)F1刈割前灌溉35%+刈割后灌溉65%;(2)F2刈割前灌溉50%+刈割后灌溉50%;(3)F3刈割前灌溉65%+刈割后灌溉35%。结果表明,第1年生紫花苜蓿第1茬刈割前株高为F3F2F1处理(P0.05),叶茎比F1、F2显著大于F3处理(P0.05),茎粗为F3F2F1处理(P0.05),产量为F3F2F1处理(P0.05)。第2茬刈割前苜蓿株高为F1F2F3处理(P0.05),叶茎比为F3显著大于F1和F2处理(P0.05),茎粗为F1F2F3处理(P0.05),增长速率在分枝期F1显著大于F2和F3处理(P0.05),现蕾期和初花期F1和F2显著大于F3(P0.05),苜蓿产量为F1F2F3处理(P0.05)。第1年紫花苜蓿的干草总产量为F1F2F3处理,F1处理最高,为10 472kg/hm2,比F2处理增产8%,比F3处理增产19%。综合分析苜蓿的各个性状指标,在新疆绿洲区滴灌条件下,第1年生紫花苜蓿每茬刈割前灌溉35%+刈割后灌溉65%(F1)有利于提高滴灌苜蓿干草产量。     

F4 receptor-independent priming of the systemic immune system of pigs by low oral doses of F4 fimbriae

Oral administration of F4 fimbriae of Escherichia coli induces intestinal mucosal immune responses in F4 receptor-positive (F4R(+)) pigs, but not in F4R(-) pigs. We examined whether F4 fimbriae in F4R(-) animals behave like a food antigen and can induce oral tolerance. Therefore, F4R(+) and F4R(-) pigs were fed 2mg of F4 and challenged i.m. to evaluate the effect of oral F4 on the systemic immune system. As control antigen, two different oral doses (2 and 600 mg) of OVA were used. Thirty days after the i.m. OVA challenge, the OVA-specific serum IgG titre in 600 mg-fed pigs was lower than that in non-fed animals, indicating that tolerance was induced. Conversely, in the 2mg-fed pigs a rapid increase of OVA-specific IgG with higher titres than those in non-fed pigs was seen following challenge, indicating a priming of the systemic immune system. A similar priming was seen in both F4-fed F4R(-) and F4R(+) pigs. Upon challenge, non-fed pigs displayed a primary immune response with a slow increase of F4-specific serum IgG, whereas F4-fed F4R(-) and F4R(+) pigs showed secondary responses with a rapid increase of serum IgG. This was expected in F4R(+) pigs, as in these animals oral F4 induces F4-specific antibody-secreting cells in the spleen, suggesting a priming of the systemic immune system. However, also the F4-fed F4R(-) pigs displayed a secondary response, despite the failure to detect a response upon oral F4 administration. These findings suggest that the F4 antigen, at a dose of 2 mg, behaves like a common food antigen in F4R(-) pigs, namely it induces a systemic priming.     

黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼适宜投喂频率的研究

为探明黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)幼鱼适宜投喂频率,选择体重为(1.80±0.08)g的幼鱼进行养殖试验。试验设计5个组(F1、F2、F3、F4、F5组),投喂频率分别为1(06:00),2(06:00、18:00),3(06:00、12:00、18:00),4(06:00、10:00、14:00、18:00)和5次/d(06:00、09:00、12:00、15:00、18:00),每组设3个平行,共计15个养殖桶,每桶随机放50尾试验鱼。试验观察不同投喂频率下黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用、形体指标、肌肉成分及肠道消化酶活性的变化情况。试验周期为60 d。结果显示:1)各组试验鱼终末体重、增重率、摄食率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均随投喂频率增加呈上升趋势,F3、F4、F5组终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著高于F1、F2组(P<0.05),饲料系数显著低于F1、F2组(P<0.05),3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);其中F3组饲料系数最低,蛋白质效率最高。2)F3、F4、F5组肝体指数显著低于F2组(P<0.05),脏体指数显著低于F1、F2组(P<0.05),各组间肥满度差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)随着投喂频率的增加,试验鱼肌肉中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量逐渐上升,水分含量逐渐下降,F3、F4、F5组肌肉中粗脂肪、粗灰分含量显著高于F1组(P<0.05),水分含量显著低于F1、F2组(P<0.05),3组间上述指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)各组肠道中胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性随投喂频率增加呈下降趋势,胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性先降后升,F1、F2组各消化酶活性显著高于F3、F4、F5组(P<0.05),F3、F4、F5组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合上述指标并考虑养殖成本,建议黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼适宜投喂频率为3次/d。     

Transcytosis of F4 fimbriae by villous and dome epithelia in F4-receptor positive pigs supports importance of receptor-dependent endocytosis in oral immunization strategies

Very few antigens have been described that induce an intestinal immunity when given orally. Our laboratory demonstrated that oral administration of isolated F4 (K88) fimbriae of Escherichia coli to F4-receptor positive (F4R(+)) pigs induces protective mucosal immunity against challenge infection. However, presence of F4-receptors (F4R) on villous enterocytes is a prerequisite for inducing the immune response, as no F4-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) can be induced in F4R(-) pigs. In this study, the in vivo binding of isolated F4 fimbriae (F4) to the gut epithelium was examined in F4R(+) and F4R(-) pigs. It was further investigated whether binding of F4 to the F4R results in endocytosis in and translocation across the gut epithelium using microscopy. F4 did not adhere to the intestinal epithelium of F4R(-) pigs, whereas it strongly adhered to the villous epithelium and the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of the jejunum and ileum of F4R(+) pigs. Following binding to F4R, F4 was endocytosed by villous enterocytes, follicle-associated enterocytes and M cells. Transcytosis of F4 across the epithelium resulted in the appearance of F4 in the lamina propria and dome region of the jejunal and ileal PP. This is the first study showing transcytosis of fimbriae across the gut epithelium. This receptor-dependent transcytosis can explain the success of F4 fimbriae as oral immunogen for inducing protective immunity in F4R(+) pigs strengthening the importance of receptor-dependent endocytosis and translocation in oral vaccine strategies. Further identification of the receptor responsible for this transport is in progress.     

质膜异位F1F0-ATP合成酶研究进展

F1F0-ATP合成酶过去被认为是严格的线粒体内膜蛋白,近年来的研究表明,该酶的一些亚基广泛分布于一些肿瘤细胞以及脂肪细胞等的质膜表面,称为质膜异位F1F0-ATP合成酶。论文综述质膜异位F1F0-ATP合成酶的发现,发生异位的可能机制以及在质膜表面F1F0-ATP合成酶作为受体蛋白参与的一些生物学现象,也指出了质膜异位F1F0-ATP合成酶在抗肿瘤、抗肥胖,以及其他领域的应用前景。     

修剪频率和留茬高度对草地早熟禾与多年生黑麦草混播草坪质量的影响

研究了不同修剪频率（1次/周、1次/2周、1次/3周3个处理水平）和留茬高度3、5、7、9cm处理组合对草地早熟禾与多年生黑麦草混播草坪质量的影响。结果表明：随修剪频率降低、留茬高度的增加草坪草密度减小,叶片宽度增加,质地变劣,叶片颜色加深,生长速度先增大后减小,地上植物量和地下植物量均呈先增大后减小的趋势。草坪综合质量评价显示,H5F1处理草坪综合质量最优,H5F2处理次之,H3F2处理最差,12种处理草坪的综合质量从优到劣依次为：H5F1〉H5F2〉H7F2〉H7F3〉H7F1〉H5F3〉H9F1〉H9F2〉H9F3〉H3F3〉H3F1〉H3F2。     

The F4 fimbrial antigen of Escherichia coli and its receptors

F4 or K88 fimbriae are long filamentous polymeric surface proteins of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), consisting of so-called major (FaeG) and minor (FaeF, FaeH, FaeC, and probably FaeI) subunits. Several serotypes of F4 have been described, namely F4ab, F4ac, and F4ad. The F4 fimbriae allow the microorganisms to adhere to F4-specific receptors present on brush borders of villous enterocytes and consequently to colonize the small intestine. Such ETEC infections are responsible for diarrhea and mortality in neonatal and recently weaned pigs. In this review emphasis is put on the morphology, genetic configuration, and biosynthesis of F4 fimbriae. Furthermore, the localization of the different a, b, c, and d epitopes, and the localization of the receptor binding site on the FaeG major subunit of F4 get ample attention. Subsequently, the F4-specific receptors are discussed. When the three variants of F4 (F4ab, F4ac, and F4ad) are considered, six porcine phenotypes can be distinguished with regard to the brush border adhesiveness: phenotype A binds all three variants, phenotype B binds F4ab and F4ac, phenotype C binds F4ab and F4ad, phenotype D binds F4ad, phenotype E binds none of the variants, and phenotype F binds F4ab. The following receptor model is described: receptor bcd is found in phenotype A pigs, receptor bc is found in phenotype A and B pigs, receptor d is found in phenotype C and D pigs, and receptor b is found in phenotype F pigs. Furthermore, the characterization of the different receptors is described in which the bcd receptor is proposed as collection of glycoproteins with molecular masses ranging from 45 to 70 kDa, the bc receptor as two glycoproteins with molecular masses of 210 an 240 kDa, respectively, the b receptor as a glycoprotein of 74 kDa, and the d receptor as a glycosphingolipid with unknown molecular mass. Finally, the importance of F4 fimbriae and their receptors in the study of mucosal immunity in pigs is discussed.     

鸡致病性大肠杆菌菌毛分型的初步研究

以鸡致病性大肠杆菌F1菌毛特异性单抗1F4－1、2C3、3H3和F11菌毛特异性单抗FA1、FB11作为检测试剂，将111株已知O抗原的鸡致病性大肠杆菌经MD液体培养基连续传代培养后，通过直接玻板凝集法对各菌毛进行初步分型。结果发现F1、F11菌毛与O78、O1及O2三种优势O抗原型菌株之间存在较为明显的相关性，即致病性大肠杆菌主要集中在上。F1、F11菌毛在这三种O抗原型上的总检出率分别为95．6％、75．4％及73．3％。另外，在所检测的111株鸡致病性大肠杆菌中，只表达F1菌毛的大肠杆菌占菌杆总数的33．3％。只表达F11菌毛的大肠杆菌占菌株总数的8．1％，两者都表达的占菌株总数的36％，F1、F11菌毛的总检出率为78．3％。     

Distribution of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic piglets in the Slovak Republic

Ninety-two Escherichia coli isolates from 14 to 28-day-old piglets that died because of diarrhoea were examined for genes for fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41), enterotoxins (STa, STb and LT), verotoxin (VT2e or Stx2e) and enteroaggregative heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1) by polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-two strains (24%) carried a gene for F4, whereas genes for F18, F6 and F5 + F41 were detected in 10.8, 3.3 and 1.1% of strains respectively. Genes for STb, LT, STa and Stx2e were detected in 40.2, 26.1, 14.1 and 1.1% of strains respectively. The astA gene was detected in 49 (53.3%) isolates, 35 of which also carried genes for enterotoxins and/or fimbriae. The major genotypes reached at (in decreasing order of prevalence) were F4/STb/LT/EAST1, F18/STa/STb/EAST1, STb/EAST1, F6/STa/STb/EAST1 and F18/STb/EAST1.     

Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of lambs experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma bovis

The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-resistance between Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma bovis in lambs assessing parasitologic, gross pathologic, histopathologic and immunohistochemical changes in liver and small intestine. Thirty Castellana breed lambs were divided into five comparable groups and exposed to F. hepatical S. bovis (group F/S), S. bovis/F. hepatica (group S/F), S. bovis (group S) or F. hepatica (group F) and six unexposed lambs were used as non-infected controls (group C). Primary patent infection with F. hepatica induced a lower number of schistosome eggs and a higher number of lymphocytes in intestinal and liver schistosome egg-induced granulomas in group F/S than in the groups S/F and S, liver damage being mainly attributed to F. hepatica. S. bovis infection followed by challenge with F. hepatica particularly increased the severity of the most significant liver alterations (cholangiohepatitis by F. hepatica and mesoendophlebitis by S. bovis) and F. hepatica seemed not to have an influence on established S. bovis infection. In addition, immunohistochemical results suggested that the predominant local immune response in both double-infected groups was different, being mainly a cell-mediated immune response in group F/S and a mucosal response in group S/F.     

禽副粘病毒2型Yucaipa标准株F基因的克隆和序列分析

根据从GenBank上查到的PMV-2型Yucaipa株F基因序列——D13977序列，设计特异性引物，从禽副粘病毒2型Yueaipa标准株成功地克隆了F基因全编码序列。所测的核苷酸序列大小为1654bp，编码一个含536个氨基酸残基的多肽(未加工前)，分子量约为55．75kDa。裂解位点在F基因的第98和第99个氨基酸残基之间，F2蛋白羧基端裂解位点区的氨基酸残基序列为Lys-Pro-Ala-Ser-Arg。F基因序列同源性比较结果表明本研究所测的序列是PMV-2型F基因序列，并进一步证实了副粘病毒2型与分离自猴的Murayama病毒在系统进化上有非常紧密的关系。     

Real-time PCR for differentiation of F4 (K88) variants (F4ab, F4ac, F4ad) of enterotoxigenic Escherichiacoli from diarrhoeic piglets

A one-step real-time PCR using one set of oligonucleotide primers and three probes was developed for differentiation of F4 (K88) variants (F4ab, F4ac, F4ad) of enterotoxigenic Escherichiacoli (ETEC) from diarrhoeic pigs. The limits of detection of F4ab, F4ac and F4ad in broth dilution were 10(6), 10(5) and 10(4)colony forming units (CFU)/mL, respectively. In faecal samples spiked with E.coli, the limits of detection of F4ab, F4ac and F4ad were 10(6), 10(6) and 10(4)CFU/g faeces, respectively, without enrichment and 10(3), 10(2) and 10(2)CFU/g faeces following enrichment. In 42 ETEC field isolates from pigs in Korea encoding the F4 gene, all were identified as the F4ac variant.     

Virulence plasmids of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from piglets

Virulence plasmids of 68 ETEC isolates from piglets belonging to different pathotypes and six ETEC isolates from calves with pathotypes typical of porcine ETEC were identified with seven virulence probes for the heat-stable (STa and STb) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins, for the F4, F5, F6, and F41 fimbrial adhesin subunit, and also with five Rep probes for the RepFIA and RepFIB basic replicons, and the RepFIC family of basic replicons. With the exception of the F41 probe, the other virulence probes hybridized with at least one plasmid band of a size range from 65 to more than 100 Mda. Common associations of virulence factor-encoding genes on plasmid bands were: STb/LT, STa/F5, STa/F6, STa/STb. Other associations, STa/F4, STa/F4/F6, and STa/STb/LT/F6, were rarer. On the other hand the F4 adhesin-encoding genes were isolated on one plasmid band in all but three F4+ isolates. All but one of the 92 virulence plasmids which were studied have Rep probe hybridization profiles and replicon types typical of the uni- or multireplicon plasmids belonging to the various incompatibility groups of the F incompatibility complex.     

规模化羊场不同肉用绵羊杂交1代育肥效果及肉品质分析

试验旨在了解萨×杜×湖F1代(萨福克公羊与杜×湖母羊杂交1代)羔羊的育肥性能和肉品质效果。选用体重一致的3月龄杜×湖F1代、萨×湖F1代、萨×杜×湖F1代公羔各9只作为不同试验组,以3月龄纯繁湖羊公羔9只作为对照组,每组3个重复,每个重复3只羊。预试期10 d,正试期50 d。对照组和不同试验组育肥羔羊日粮全部参照国家肉羊饲养标准NY T/816-2004推荐的营养需要量配制。结果表明,萨×杜×湖F1代平均日增重、经济效益均极显著高于萨×湖F1代、杜×湖F1代和纯繁湖羊(P<0.01),料重比极显著低于萨×湖F1代、杜×湖F1代和纯繁湖羊(P<0.01),其中萨×杜×湖F1代的平均日增重分别比萨×湖F1代、杜×湖F1代、纯繁湖羊提高了20.89%、30.62%和47.46%,萨×杜×湖F1代的料重比分别比萨×湖F1代、杜×湖F1代、纯繁湖羊降低了21.76%、18.11%和28.72%;萨×杜×湖F1代的净肉率、肉骨比、眼肌面积极显著高于萨×湖F1代、杜×湖F1代和纯繁湖羊(P<0.01),其中萨×杜×湖F1代的净肉率分别比萨×湖F1代、杜×湖F1代、纯繁湖羊提高了2.94%、2.79%和3.92%,萨×杜×湖F1代的肉骨比分别比萨×湖F1、杜×湖F1代、纯繁湖羊提高了27.94%、6.76%和24.90%,萨×杜×湖F1代的眼肌面积分别比萨×湖F1、杜×湖F1代、纯繁湖羊提高了24.79%、24.55%和49.46%。萨×杜×湖F1代羊肉品质与萨×湖F1代、杜×湖F1代、纯繁湖羊相比表现较好,且在羊肉营养价值方面表现也较为突出。由此可见,以萨福克公羊做父本,与杜×湖F1代母羊开展三元杂交,萨×杜×湖F1代在生长速度、饲料转化率和经济效益方面效果明显,且在羊肉品质和营养价值方面表现突出,值得肉羊生产推广利用。     

两种片形吸虫感染家兔的试验比较

用大片形吸虫和肝片形吸虫感染家兔以便选择大片形吸虫对动物的最佳感染量,及明确肝片形吸虫和大片形吸虫的生物学和对动物宿主的致病力的差别。结果显示肝片形吸虫虫体在兔体内发育成熟的时间早于大片形吸虫,感染成活率更高,对动物的病理损害明显比感染大片形吸虫兔的病变要轻。本试验证实这两种片形吸虫除了形态学的差异外,在对动物致病力、病理损害等方面确实存在差别。     

IGF-1 receptor signaling pathways and effects of AMPK activation on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion in hen granulosa cells

IGF-1 plays a key role in the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells. However, the molecular mechanism of IGF-1 action in avian granulosa cells during follicle maturation is unclear. Here, we first studied IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression, IGF-1-induced progesterone production and some IGF-1R signaling pathways in granulosa cells from different follicles. IGF-1R (mRNA and protein) was higher in fresh or cultured granulosa cells from the largest follicles (F1 or F2) than in those from smaller follicles (F3 or F4). In vitro, IGF-1 treatment (10(-8)M, 36h) increased progesterone secretion by four-fold in mixed F3 and F4 (F3/4) granulosa cells and by 1.5-fold in F1 granulosa cells. IGF-1 (10(-8)M, 30min)-induced increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of IGF-1R beta subunit and phosphorylation of ERK were higher in F1 than in F3/4 granulosa cells. Interestingly, IGF-1 stimulation (10(-8)M, 10min) decreased the level of AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation in F1 and F3/4 granulosa cells. We have recently showed that AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a protein kinase involved in the steroidogenesis in chicken granulosa cells. We then studied the effects of AMPK activation by AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside), an activator of AMPK, on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion by F3/4 and F1 granulosa cells. AICAR treatment (1mM, 36h) increased IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion, StAR protein levels and decreased ERK phosphorylation in F1 granulosa cells. Opposite data were observed in F3/4 granulosa cells. Adenovirus-mediated expression of dominant negative AMPK totally reversed the effects of AICAR on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion, StAR protein production and ERK phosphorylation in both F3/4 and F1 granulosa cells. Thus, a variation of energy metabolism through AMPK activation could modulate differently IGF-1-induced progesterone production in F1 and F3/4 granulosa cells.