城市功能区视角下的都市农区研究

为了科学规划城市农用地,有必要确立都市农区概念,研究都市农区的基本内涵、空间特征和地域类型。都市农区是指由城市空间内农用地构成的城市功能区,一般仅限于市辖区。相对理想化的都市农区的空间尺度大体上为200 hm²,宜以呈小集中大分散的空间形态融入城市功能组团。都市农区有城市化地区、准城市化地区、半城市化地区、浅城市化地区和城市生态敏感区5种地域类型。依据都市农区区位特征、资源禀赋与功能需求的差异性,合理配置依托城市、服务城市的多功能农业,是形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局对城市规划提出的重要新课题。     

The State and Optimization Countermeasures of Urban Land -use in China

Urban land -use is closely related to urban development. A new trend and some problems in urban land- use appeared along with accelerated urbanization in China. The trend characterized with a large in- crease in the amount of urban land demand, the rise of the ratio of urban common land to total urban area and the elevation of urban land income. The problems mostly included a severe conflict between supply and demand of urban land, extensive land - use, a weak market - force in urban land resources allocation. Based on above analysis, the optimization countermeasures, which included intensive land - use, land - use structure optimization, exploitation of leave unused land in cities, and land - market construction, were put forward for promoting rational utilization of urban land and sustainable development of urban economy.     

Optimization of Urban Opening Space Pattern Based on Landscape Ecology

City is a spatial synthesis which consists of various buildings and urban opening space.With the developing of the urbanization,the urban planning will directly influence the sustainable development of a city,and the optimization of the urban zone pattern is the main section of the urban planning.The urban opening space is the main part of the urban landscape with important eco-function.Due to its flexibility,the urban opening space is becoming the object of the urban landscape pattern.In this study,some ecological problems during urban development were discussed,and a series of strategies of urban opening space pattern optimization have been put forward based on landscape planning theories.     

我国都市农业发展模式研究和可持续发展建议

都市农业是中国改革开发的重要成果之一,也是现代农业的有机组成部分。为在工业化、城镇化快速发展的同时加快都市地区农业现代化的发展,加强都市地区农业发展理论与实践规律的探讨,通过对北京、上海、南京、深圳、武汉等大城市都市农业发展模式等案例的分析,对中国都市农业发展模式和可持续发展相关因素进行了初步研究,提出了应制定有利于都市农业发展的法律和规划、加强都市农业人才培养、促进都市农业一体化发展、通过科技引领都市农业创新、大力发展循环农业以及培育都市农业社会组织等有利于都市农业健康发展的建议。     

Urban Color Planning of Xuzhou City

Urban color planning will not only excavate historical context to strengthen urban difference and highlight urban individuality,thereby forming urban style and features that are easy to identify and perceive,but integrate natural landscape and control urban color,open space,green space system and architectural elements to crate a splendid visual space.Adhering to the concept of inheriting the historical context and culture,urban color planning of Xuzhou City fully taps the cultural potential of the historical and cultural resources,natural landscape resources and local customs and practices and carries out a practical exploration of urban color and urban style and features as well as the heritage and development of local culture through the urban color planning of"one centre,two axes,two belts,three sections",so as to provide a constructive reference for urban color planning of other cities in China.     

中国都市农业理论研究若干争议问题综述

通过对国内十年来相关都市农业文献的研究,分别对都市农业与城郊农业的区别与关系,都市农业的范围究竟如何划分,都市农业与都市型现代农业及相关新型农业的关系,“都市农业”一词起源于何时、何地,都市农业的特征特性以及都市农业的评价体系等八大争议问题进行了综述,旨在进一步理清都市农业的基本理论问题,在此基础上,提出对都市农业的概念与意义进行再认识,不能忽视都市农业是在矛盾中生存较为脆弱的产业,充分认识都市农业具有显著的公共物品的特征,强化政府在都市农业发展过程中的作用,加强都市农业立法,切实保护都市农业用地,加强对都市农业基础设施建设的投入,构建都市农业投融资机制,培养都市农业各类专门人才队伍。     

VR-based Urban Landscape Artistic Design

"Digital City" has gradually emerged,promoting the digitalization of urban landscape design,and meanwhile,virtual reality (VR) technology allowing us to create and experience the virtual world has come into reality.The use of VR technology in the urban landscape design,and interactive 3D dynamic view,multi-source information fusion and system simulation of the entity behavior will be beneficial to generate the simulation environment of urban landscape design on the computer,and guide the scientific development of urban landscape design.On this basis,this article analyzed the connotation of VR technology and basic characteristics of urban landscape artistic design based on the overview of previous studies on the urban landscape design in multiple aspects,and further explored the application of key technology in the VR-based simulation of urban landscape artistic design,to provide the reference and idea for urban landscape design,and improve overall effect of urban landscape artistic design.     

基于PSR模型的珠三角都市农业生态安全综合评价

随着工业化、城镇化和现代化建设进程的加快,城市资源环境约束力不断加大,都市农业生态安全值得关注。报告在PSR模型的基础上构建了珠三角都市农业生态安全评价指标体系,运用综合指数法、熵值法和障碍度模型,对珠三角地区都市农业生态安全进行综合评价和相关障碍因素分析。结果表明：2006-2015年珠三角都市农业生态安全形势逐步好转;深圳和中山市的都市农业生态压力较大,东莞市的都市农业生态状态较差,肇庆和江门市的都市农业生态响应较弱;城镇化率、人均耕地面积等指标是当前影响珠三角都市生态安全的主要障碍因素。珠三角地区应大力加强耕地资源保护,继续推进城市生态环境和农业面源污染治理,从而保证都市农业生态安全的稳定发展。     

Relations between Urban Design and City Planning in the Work of Plan-making

In this paper, three fundamental principles of city planning under the present system are brought forward: the integration of urban design and city planning, the double attributes and position of the urban design and the correspondence between the urban design and the city planning in levels. Therefore, according to the different circumstances, three functioning ways for the urban design in the practice of plan making are put forward: to put the urban design into the system of city planning, to work out the urban design as a research work and then make use of its achievement in the work of plan making, and to regard the urban design as a specialized work of city planning.     

山东省城乡统筹发展水平差异研究

城乡统筹发展是促进农村经济全面发展、解决“三农”问题的有效途径。选取了城乡居民收入比、城乡居民恩格尔系数比、城乡居民人均消费水平比对山东省城乡统筹发展水平进行了分析。发现以青岛为主的山东半岛地区城乡统筹发展水平较高,以淄博、莱芜等地为主的鲁中地区城乡统筹水平也相对较高,以德州、聊城等地区为主的鲁西地区城乡统筹水平相对较低。接着探讨了城乡统筹发展水平差异的原因。最后提出了促进城乡统筹发展的若干建议。     

Rural‐to‐Urban Commuting: Three Degrees of Integration

Commuting ties between rural places of residence and urban places of employment are among the most visible forms of rural–urban integration. For some rural areas, access to urban employment is a key source of population retention and growth. However, this access varies considerably across rural areas, with distance representing a primary deterrent. In addition to distance, the size of the urban community will also influence rural‐to‐urban commuting opportunities. In this paper, using Canadian data, we empirically estimated the influence of local rural population and job growth on rural out‐commuting within the urban hierarchy. We find consistent support for the deconcentration hypothesis where population moves to rural areas for lifestyle and quality of life reasons, while retaining urban employment. Further, we find some evidence that in addition to distance from the nearest urban center being a deterrent, increased remoteness from the top of the urban hierarchy exerts a positive influence on out‐commuting. Recognition of these types of rural–urban linkages through commuting is essential in designing Canadian rural policy and targeted programs that may effectively support local rural populations. In particular, they point to the need to have reasonable transportation infrastructure for urban accessibility, which should be complemented by other “built” infrastructure to improve the livability of rural communities.     

城市空间增长效应评价方法——以重庆市为例

在城市空间快速增长背景下,开展城市空间增长效应评价研究,有助于解决城市空间增长中出现的问题,可为确定城市空间发展战略、制定空间发展政策提供依据。城市空间增长效应评价方法旨在定量、客观地判断城市空间增长过程中要素配置与运行是否合理、高效和公平。笔者建立了结构配置效应、经济配置效应和公平配置效应3个方面的评价体系,通过目标法对城市空间增长效应进行评价,得出空间增长效应评价函数。以重庆市为例进行实证分析,结果显示：重庆市2004-2013年间的城市空间增长效应总体呈上升发展趋势,结构性、公平性趋好;合理配置效应和经济配置效应波动显著,反映出城市建设面临的用地结构优化、用地效率提升等方面的问题。     

长沙城市热岛的成因分析

为了缓解长沙热岛效应的技术措施的制定,利用调查试验等基本数据,对长沙市热岛形成原因进行分析。结果表明：长沙城市热岛强度随建城区面积的扩大而加强,热岛效应影响的范围和向外扩展的趋势与城市建城区的轮廓及城市向外发展的趋势相一致;长沙城区内部结构特征和下垫面的热性质为城市热岛的形成奠定了基础;城区人为热源增加,增加了城区大气中的热量,促进城市热岛形成;排放的大气污染物和粉尘烟尘,若以“尘罩”或“气罩”的形式覆盖在长沙城区的低空层,阻挡城区地面长波辐射的散发,反过来增加大气对地面的长波辐射,有利热岛形成;长沙城市热岛一般出现在晴朗、无风（或微风）,大气层结稳定,空气湍流运动较弱的天气条件下,若空气垂直运动剧烈,或降雨持续时长,降水量大,或地面风速超过4 m/s的天气下,长沙城区不存在热岛现象。长沙城市热岛出现与否,天气气候条件起着重要的作用。     

Solution of integrated reflection for cities

The complicated architectural layout and form within urban area lead to the phenomenon of multiple-reflection radiation in the urban area. And this multiple-reflection radiation directly affects the thermal environment in urban areas. This paper is based on the theoretical basis of multiple-reflection between the buildings and converts the problem of urban integrated reflectivity into geometrical parameters which are relevant to the urban spatial structure. At the same time, a case study was taken to obtain an integrated reflectivity which had taken the structure of urban space into account. The results show the integrated reflection is lower 32.4% than the normal situation.     

日本都市农业发展研究综述

日本的都市农业是在日本经济高速增长和过快的城市化发展进程中产生的一种新型的区域农业形态。其属性从“过渡农业”到“计划保全农业”,日本都市农业走过了一段特殊的历程。在农地和住宅地交织在一起的当今日本,作为国土设计中不可缺少的一环,都市农业再次受到日本社会的重视。本文通过对有关文献的整理以达到深化对日本都市农业这一城市区域农业的认识,明确未来都市农业研究方向的目的。     

北京市城市农业发展前景研究

市民利用城市内小空间开展农业生产实践已成为一项重要的休闲活动,而城市农业也已成为发达国家城市规划中的一项重要内容。此文通过对国外城市农业、郊区农业和中国都市农业范畴之间进行对比分析,研究了国内外城市农业的发展过程、模式、技术和风险;根据北京市城市农业发展现状和都市型现代农业布局,分析了北京市城市农业发展前景,认为北京市城市农业有一定的市场和社会需求,并提出了北京市城市农业的发展重点、模式和对策。研究认为：北京市城市农业的发展应注重提升农业在城市中的景观、生态、文化、教育和休闲服务等功能;主要建设模式包括教育展示农业、公共绿地农业、机构生态景观农业、楼宇社区农业、庭院农业、市民农园和会展农业;建议和对策包括：通过部门联动和研讨,规范和引导城市农业发展;通过实验示范,研究城市农业发展模式和技术;通过现状调研和技术集成,构建城市农业科技支撑体系;通过调研和企业化运作,建立城市农业技术市场服务体系。     

基于P-S-R的重庆市黔江区城镇建设用地需求控制研究

近年来,农村人口向城镇大量流动加之城镇人口的自然增长,城镇人口对于城镇用地的需求十分强烈;另外,随着经济的发展,城镇固定资产投资逐年增加,致使城镇各业用地需求旺盛。因此城镇的扩张与人口向城镇的流动和政府对城镇的投资是密不可分的。本文试图通过引用系统工程理念中的压力-状态-响应（P-S-R）模型,分析导致城镇建设用地扩张的人口和固定资产投资的压力机制,并构建了测算建设用地需求模型。基于黔江区2004-2008年的数据,测得黔江区合理的城镇扩张规模,避免城镇粗放型的扩张。测得黔江区建设用地增量380.92 hm2。     

The Importance of Legibility and Its Relationship with the West End Regeneration Programme

Legibility is a significant quality of urban spaces. It affects people's knowledge of space and options available to them. This paper focused on the importance of the legibility of urban spaces and its relationship with urban design projects, and took the regeneration of Oxford's West End for example to il ustrate how to make urban open green spaces clearly legible.     

Total factor productivity of urban land use in China

Previous studies pay little attention to the role of technological progress in measuring urban land use efficiency, and ignore the interactions among total factor productivity, technological progress, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency in the process of urban land use. To narrow the gaps, this research uses the Malmquist index approach to measure and decompose urban land use total factor productivity and a panel vector autoregressive model (PVAR) to investigate the interactions among urban land use total factor productivity, technological progress, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency in China from 2003 to 2016. This study shows that the overall urban land use efficiency increased at an annual growth rate of 0.7% in China from 2003 to 2016 while the growth rate of urban land use efficiency has generally decreased, which is reflected by the total factor productivity of urban land use. The total factor productivity fluctuates between 0.952 and 1.083 with a downward trend in 2003–2016. Technological progress, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency all have positive effects on the improvement of urban land use efficiency, and there are differences in the order and degree of promotion. The improvement of scale efficiency is the most important measure to ensure the efficient use of urban land resources in the future.     

Landscape Design of Urban Rail Transit Complex Based on the Concept of Sustainable Development

On the basis of current development of urban rail transit complex in China,this paper proposed that it is necessary to build a complete landscape design system of urban traffic complex.Combined with the concept of sustainable urban landscape design,this paper explored landscape design of urban rail transit complex from the macroscopic,mesocopic and microscopic perspective,and analyzed many design cases to provide references for the sustainable landscape design of urban rail transit complex in China.