枯草芽孢杆菌B_1、B_2发酵液生物表面活性剂初探

将枯草芽孢杆菌B1、B2发酵液在50～120℃分别热处理2h,B1、B2表面张力分别为28.34～30.12mN/m、28.34～31.53mN/m;pH在2.0～7.0之间,B1、B2表面张力分别为27.07-28.42mN/m、28.98-30.9mN/m;NaCl浓度在2.0×104～2.0×105mg/L内,B1、B2表面张力分别为27.45～30.88mN/m、29.02-36.97mN/m。表明,B1、B2产生的表面活性剂对热、酸性和盐具有较强的耐性;当B1、B2表面活性剂粗制品浓度为0.03、0.04和0.05g/L时,B1对立枯丝核菌(RhizoctoniasolniaKuhn)抑制率分别为19.29%、28.71%和45.65%,B2分别为20.14%、30.82%、57.18%。说明B1、B2表面活性剂对立枯丝核菌(R.solnia)具有较好的抑制作用;B1、B2发酵液经提取纯化所得的表面活性剂粗制品,通过TLC和IR方法鉴定,初步确定为脂肽类物质。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B21抗菌蛋白的分离纯化及特性研究

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B21对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea Pers.)有较强的抑制作用,其产生的抗菌物质主要是抗菌蛋白.为明确该抗菌蛋白的理化性质,利用饱和硫酸铵沉淀法得到拮抗粗提蛋白,所获粗提蛋白不耐高温,对胰蛋白酶和蛋白酶K部分敏感,对链霉蛋白酶不敏感而对氯仿敏感,作...     

Inhibition of protein synthesis by spectinomycin

Spectinomycin selectively inhibits protein synthesis in cells and in extracts of Escherichia coli. Mutations to high-level resistance to this antibiotic map close to the streptomycin locus, and the site of action of spectinomycin, like that of streptomycin, is the 30S ribosomal subunit, as shown by experiments with reconstituted 70S ribosomes containing subunits from sensitive and from resistant ribosomes. In contrast to streptomycin, however, spectinomycin is not bactericidal and causes no detectable misreading of polyribonucleotides.     

枯草芽孢杆菌G87抗菌蛋白对稻瘟病菌和稻恶苗病菌的抑制作用

为明确枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)G87抗菌蛋白的生物活性,采用菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发和芽管伸长抑制的方法,研究其对稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)和稻恶苗病菌(Gibberella fujikuroi)的抑制作用。结果表明:抗菌蛋白能明显抑制2种病菌菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发和芽管伸长。1.20mg·mL-1抗菌蛋白对稻瘟病菌菌落直径和菌丝干重的抑制率分别达60%和80%以上;2.40mg·mL-1抗菌蛋白对稻恶苗病菌分生孢子萌发和芽管伸长的抑制率均达60%以上。抗菌蛋白还能显著破坏2种病菌菌丝形态,使菌丝细胞畸形膨大、原生质浓缩和外渗、细胞壁破损以及菌体崩溃等。因此,枯草芽孢杆菌G87抗菌蛋白具有重要的抗菌生物活性。     

Coupled, circumferential motions of the cell wall synthesis machinery and MreB filaments in B. subtilis

Rod-shaped bacteria elongate by the action of cell wall synthesis complexes linked to underlying dynamic MreB filaments. To understand how the movements of these filaments relate to cell wall synthesis, we characterized the dynamics of MreB and the cell wall elongation machinery using high-precision particle tracking in Bacillus subtilis. We found that MreB and the elongation machinery moved circumferentially around the cell, perpendicular to its length, with nearby synthesis complexes and MreB filaments moving independently in both directions. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis by various methods blocked the movement of MreB. Thus, bacteria elongate by the uncoordinated, circumferential movements of synthetic complexes that insert radial hoops of new peptidoglycan during their transit, possibly driving the motion of the underlying MreB filaments.     

利用枯草芽孢杆菌B53发酵法生产维生素K

[目的]探讨以枯草芽孢杆菌B53为菌种发酵生产维生素K的基本条件。[方法]利用枯草芽孢杆菌B53发酵生产维生素K,并探讨发酵培养基组成、发酵时间、接种量等因素对维生素K产量的影响。[结果]枯草芽孢杆菌B53在含甘油50ml／L、大豆粉100g／L、酵母膏5g／L、K2HPO43g／L的液体培养基上发酵48h的维生素K产量可达7．01mg／L;在大豆固态培养基上,适宜的接种量为4％,适宜的发酵时间为72h,维生素K产量达0．0273mg／g;而在豆粕固态培养基上,适宜的接种量为3％,适宜的发酵时间为48h,产量仅达O．0087mg/g。[结论]维生素K存在于枯草芽孢杆菌B53的发酵液中,枯草芽孢杆菌B53是维生素K的一种生产菌：     

枯草芽孢杆菌B25抗菌物质初步研究

枯草芽孢杆菌B25能够产生抗菌活性物质,对香蕉枯萎病具较好的抑菌效果.研究了抗菌活性物质产生的时间,以及对温度、pH值和蛋白酶(胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K)的敏感性;并用10、30、50 ku的超滤管超滤.研究结果表明:抗菌物质是从对数期后期就开始产生的,稳定期活性上升到最大值并一直保持在这个水平;该活性物质对热稳定,可于100℃煮沸1h而不失活;在酸性、中性及微碱性条件下相对稳定,在强碱性条件下不稳定;对蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶敏感,10、30 ku的超滤管时超滤膜下面的滤过液无活性,50 ku超滤管时超滤膜下面的滤过液才有活性.     

穿梭表达载体pYG43的构建及碱性纤维素酶基因的分泌表达

用枯草杆菌强启动子P43构建了大肠杆菌 -枯草杆菌穿梭表达载体pYG43 ,其可在大肠杆菌胞内高效表达β 半乳糖苷酶 (最高达92 0 0U)。利用该载体分泌表达了枯草杆菌碱性纤维素酶 (最高达 60U/ml) ,在原宿主菌 (B .subtilis 1A747)的基础上提高了 5～ 7倍。     

Inhibition of retroviral RNA production by ZAP,a CCCH-type zinc finger protein

Cells have evolved multiple mechanisms to inhibit viral replication. To identify previously unknown antiviral activities, we screened mammalian complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries for genes that prevent infection by a genetically marked retrovirus. Virus-resistant cells were selected from pools of transduced clones, and an active antiviral cDNA was recovered. The gene encodes a CCCH-type zinc finger protein designated ZAP. Expression of the gene caused a profound and specific loss of viral messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from the cytoplasm without affecting the levels of nuclear mRNAs. The finding suggests the existence of a previously unknown machinery for the inhibition of virus replication, targeting a step in viral gene expression.     

乳酸菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对黄曲霉毒素产生菌生长的抑制作用研究

为了筛选对黄曲霉毒素产生茵的生长有抑制作用的微生物,选用乳酸茵和枯草芽孢杆菌与黄曲霉共培养,通过测定黄曲霉菌丝质量以及培养液pH来判断对霉菌生长的抑制作用强弱.结果表明:3株乳酸茵培养液上清液和4株枯草芽孢杆茵对黄曲霉菌丝的生长皆有明显抑制作用(P＜0.05),以乳酸菌A2培养液上清液抑制作用最强,茵丝质量为0.119...     

枯草芽孢杆菌BSK1对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)拮抗作用的研究

通过对枯草芽孢杆菌菌株BSK1的对峙培养和菌株代谢物对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用研究。结果表明菌株BSK1对尖孢镰刀菌具有较强的拮抗作用,对峙培养明显抑制靶标菌菌丝向四周扩展,抑菌带宽度0.8cm,菌株的浓度1%无菌发酵液对靶标菌的生长抑制率在60%以上。菌株BSK1对多种植物病源菌也具有明显抑制作用。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B_2种子液发酵条件的研究

采用单因子、双因子及正交试验,对枯草芽孢杆菌B2的培养液组成(碳源、氮源、酵母膏、pH值)及培养条件(装液量与转速)进行了研究,结果表明:以葡萄糖1%,牛肉胨0.8%,酵母膏0.5%及pH 8制成的培养液,装液量100 mL/250 mL锥形瓶,转速140 r/min,培养B236 h为最佳培养条件,在此条件下,活菌数可达2.97×1010cfu/mL,分别是D培养液和NB培养液的2.05倍和52.36倍.     

枯草杆菌B826的化学诱变及筛选研究

枯草杆菌Ｂ８２６（ＢａｃｉｌｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓＢ８２６）是一株对水稻白叶枯病菌有强烈拮抗作用的细菌．本研究测定了枯草杆菌Ｂ８２６的对数生长曲线并利用化学诱变剂硫酸二乙酯（ＤＥＳ）处理对数生长期的细胞,获得了１６０个存活的菌株,其中６个菌仍保留拮抗活性或拮抗活性有所提高,其余的均丧失拮抗活性．突变菌Ｎｏ．３５能稳定地保持高效的拮抗活性和遗传．     

4种抗生素对枯草芽孢杆菌的体外联合抑菌试验

为研究4种抗生素类药物两两混合使用对枯草芽孢杆菌的体外抑菌作用,以4种抗生素类药物单独使用作为对照,通过测量牛肉膏蛋白胨琼脂平皿上药敏片的抑菌圈直径来确定药物的抑菌作用。结果表明,青霉素钠与盐酸左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液联用对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈平均直径为12.8mm,枯草芽孢杆菌对其表现出中度敏感,注射用头孢曲松钠分别与注射用青霉素钠、盐酸左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液联用的抑菌圈平均直径在18～19mm,枯草芽孢杆菌对它们表现出高度敏感,而其他组合对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈平均直径均大于20mm,枯草芽孢杆菌对它们表现为极度敏感,但并不是所有的联合抑菌圈平均直径都大于单独使用的抑菌圈平均直径。     

内生菌BS-2对蔬菜立枯病的抑制效果

抗利福平标记的菌株内生定殖测定结果表明,分离自辣椒叶片的内生枯草芽孢杆菌BS-2菌株既可在辣椒体内定殖,又可进入茄子、蕃茄、白菜、黄瓜、西瓜、丝瓜、甜瓜和豇豆等多种植物体内定殖;拮抗和防病作用测定发现,该菌株对多种植物病原真菌具有较强拮抗作用.菌液浸种处理后对黄瓜、甜瓜和蕃茄苗期立枯病有78.96%以上的抑制效果,并对这些蔬菜有较明显的促生作用.     

Inhibition of the complement cascade by the major secretory protein of vaccinia virus

The complement system contributes to host defenses against invasion by infectious agents. A 35-kilodalton protein, encoded by vaccinia virus and secreted from infected cells, has sequence similarities to members of a gene family that includes complement control proteins. Biochemical and genetic studies showed that the viral protein binds to derivatives of the fourth component of complement and inhibits the classical complement cascade, suggesting that it serves as a defense molecule to help the virus evade the consequences of complement activation.     

响应面法优化枯草芽孢杆菌B91发酵培养基

[目的]采用响应面法对枯草芽孢杆菌B91的发酵培养基进行了优化,提高其发酵产物中芽孢的浓度。[方法]利用Plackett-Burman设计筛选出培养基中影响芽孢浓度的显著因子,即葡萄糖、酵母膏和Mn SO4;通过爬坡试验逼近显著因子对应最大响应值的稳定区域,并采用响应面法的中心组合试验确定各显著因子的最佳水平。[结果]优化后的培养基组成为:葡萄糖9.35 g/L,酵母膏6.93 g/L,氯化钠3 g/L,K2HPO42 g/L,Mg SO40.2 g/L,Mn SO410.16 mg/L,Ca CO30.2 g/L。菌株B91在优化后培养基中的芽孢浓度达到41.89×108cfu/ml,与优化前(24.83×108cfu/ml)相比提高了68.7%。[结论]实现了该菌株高密度培养的同时提高了芽孢形成率,为其工业化生产提供支撑。     

Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by drug-induced depletion of nucleocapsids

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of liver disease. Only interferon-alpha and the nucleosidic inhibitors of the viral polymerase, 3TC and adefovir, are approved for therapy. However, these therapies are limited by the side effects of interferon and the substantial resistance of the virus to nucleosidic inhibitors. Potent new antiviral compounds suitable for monotherapy or combination therapy are highly desired. We describe non-nucleosidic inhibitors of HBV nucleocapsid maturation that possess in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity. These inhibitors have potential for future therapeutic regimens to combat chronic HBV infection.